细细粒的宝贝
1.先行词为all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。在大多数情况下that可以省略.
Please tell me everything you know about the matter.
Thats all we can do at the moment.
2.as引出的限制性定语从句
在such as的结构中as可作关系代词，引出限制性定语从句。有时和same连用，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
Ive never seen such a talented young man as he is.
I have the same trouble as you .
3.as引出的非限制性定语从句
as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，通常译为(正)如一样，(正)象一样等。as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面.
I live a long way from work, as you know.
She did not, as her friend had feared, break down.
As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
4.分隔式定语从句
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，从而构成分隔式定语从句。
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
1、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言，可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号，表示对先行词起修饰限制作用;而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开，是对先行词进行补充说明，相当于并列句。
如：He is the man who has a strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人。(限定性定语从句)
My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作，他下周将回来。(非限定性定语从句)
注：
1) 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导，一般用which，as或who(指人)。用which或as引导时，既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。如：
He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. (which指代整个主句，在从句中作主语)
2) as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前。如：As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people‘s life greatly.
3) 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略;但在 非限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时不能省略。如：
The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)
She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去)
2、只用关系代词that，不用 which，who或whom的几种情况
1)当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时。如：All that you want are here.
2) 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时。如：There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.
3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4)当出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时。如： We are talking about the people and countries that we have
visited.
5) 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the person that is standing over there?
6) 当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只用that，
但经常可以省略。如： I know the difference (that) there is between you.
7)当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。如：He does not seem to be the man that he was
他似乎和过去不一样了。
3、 as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句
as 引导定语从句时，可指人也可指物，通常与the same，such，so等连用，形式为：the same… as，such… as，as …as，so… as。As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如：
She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样。(as代替事，作宾语)
I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书。(as代替物，作主语)
注：the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，指同类事物;that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”，指同一事物。如：
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样。(类似的笔)
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的'那支。(同一支笔)
4、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+which/whom”结构中，介词的选择取决于3种情况：
1)定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。如： This is the college in which I am studying. He is the man about whom we are talking.
2)先行词与介词的习惯搭配。如： The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter.
仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度。
3)当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词。如： I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.
注：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with;有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。如：be familiar with/to，compare with/to等。
有时为表意清楚，还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等。如：
China is the birthplace of kites, from
where kite flying spreads to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
中国是风筝的故乡，从这里，放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度。
注定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句在复合句中的功能相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。而同位语从句则属于名词性从句，对与它有同位关系得名词作进一步解释，使其内容具体化。例如：
She felt very sad because of the news that her husband was killed in an aircraft crash. (同位语从句)
The fact that she told me made me very angry. (定语从句)
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意 思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
1. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论
引导定语从句时，as仍具有正如，像，由……可知等意思，翻译时 有时可不必译出。as定语从句常含有这些动词：see， know， hear， watch， remember， say， tell， show， expect， guess等，这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或 句尾。如：
The famous magician Liu Qian， as we all know， is from Taiwan. 众所周知，著名魔术师刘 谦是台湾人。
There is a net bar around here， as I remember. 我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。
As is often the case， girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子 喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
2. which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为这一点，这件事等。这时它所引 导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。注意，它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句 的后面。如：
He changed his mind again， which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生 气了。
She tore up my photos， which (=and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。
3. 在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which，不用as
Jenny might come， in which case I‘ll ask her. 詹妮可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问 她。
She graduated from a local middle school， after which she went to Beijing University. 她毕业于当地的一所中学，之后她去了北京大学。
4. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用as
He pretended not to know me， which I didn’t understand. 他假装不认识我，这是我搞 不明白的。
He admires everyone in his class， which I find quite strange. 他羡慕班里的每个学生， 我认为太奇怪了。
【特别说明】
as引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活；其次，as有以下常见的，而which不具备的 固定表达：
as we all know 众所周知
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as you see 这一点你明白
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as can be seen 看得出来
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样
as has been said above 如上所述
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as is often the case 像常规那样
as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样
1. 分隔定语从句。
先行词与定语从句之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离，这种从句叫分隔定语从句。例如：
This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.
He was the only person in this country that was invited.
①因定语从句过长，为使句子保持平衡，常将定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
②在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加语言的灵活性。
The pen I thought I had lost is on my desk，right under my nose.
2. as 和 which 引导的定语从句。
① as 有“正如，就像”之意，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于主句的前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
As we had expected，her performance was wonderful.
A panda， as we know，is a lovely animal.
Tom is the tallest in our class，as you know.
但 which 引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。例如：
The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected.
②在主谓宾结构的非限制性定语从句中，which 和 as 作宾语时可互换使用。
He was an Englishman，which / as I knew from his accent.
作主语时通常用 which ，而不用 as .但在“主语 +be+done ”结构中，as 作主语。例如：
He passed the examination，as was known.
③ as 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常用在表示肯定意义的从句中，而不能用在表示否定意义的从句中； which 则不受此限制。例如：
Mummy treats me just as a baby，which （不用 as ） I can’t bear.
She married again，which （不用 as ）was unexpected.
④在宾补结构的非限制性定语从句中，作主语或宾语时，宜用 which ，而不用 as .例如：
He believed in God，which （不用 as ） I find strange.
He changed his mind，which （不用 as ） made me very angry.
⑤定语从句中动词若为表示知觉的词，如 see ，expect ，say ，know 等时，用 as 而不用 which .
As we expected / know， Xiao Ming took the first place in the game.
⑥ as 引导的定语从句与 it 作形式主语的主语从句和以 what 引导的主语从句的区别。试比较：
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
3. 定语从句与并列句的识别。
定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔，并且不能加入 and ， but ， so 等连接词。并列句一般由 and ， but ， so 等词连接，或中间用“分号”隔开。例如：
He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （定语从句）
He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）
He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows；most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，the price of which was reasonable. （定语从句）
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase；the price of it was reasonable. （并列句）
John’s parents kept telling him that he should work hard，but it didn’t help. （并列句）
4. that 引导的定语从句与结果状语从句的区别。
This is so interesting a book that all of us want to read it. （ so …… that 引导的结果状语从句）
This is so interesting a book as all of us want to read. （ as 引导的定语从句）
通过以上两个例句不难看出， so …… that 引导结果状语从句，而定语从句中先行词前有 so ， such ， the same 修饰时，常用“ as ”来引导定语从句。
5. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
同位语从句是位于名词 answer ， belief ， doubt ， decision ， explanation ， fact ， hope ， idea ， information ， news ， order ， problem ， promise ， truth 等后的句子，并对这些句词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词 that 只起引导作用，不作句子成分，且 that 不可省略；同位语从句不可用 which 引导。而定语从句通常是一不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。作宾语时， that 可省略。
The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear. （同位语从句）
The fact （that / which） she told me yesterday is very important. （定语从句）
「巩固性练习」
1. _________ is mentioned above， the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. As B. It C. That D. What
2. Now Children like to go to the fast food restaurant， _________ as the name says， eating doesn’t take much time.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
3. Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city， _________ happened in Tang Shan in 1976.
A. as B. that C. where D. like
4. Recently my father bought a Chinese painting， _________ was very reasonable.
A. the price of it B. which price
C. the price of which D. its price
5. We will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， _________ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
6. We were next-door neighbors for three years， during ________ time we met only twice.
A. which B. this C. in which D. same
7. Living in the central Australia desert has its problems， _________ getting water is not the least.
A. as B. for what C. of which D. for what
8. We should do more such exercises in the future， I think， ________ those we did yesterday.
A. as B. which C. that D. it
9. Gone are the days _________ we spent together in the village.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
10. He failed his exam， _________ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. as B. which C. that D. A and B
11. He must be from Africa， _________ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. who D. what
「参考答案」
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A
7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
天道酬勤1212
英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 *限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 That is all that I've heard from him. He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 5.定语从句 *非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism. *“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句 “介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the computer on which he spent all his savings It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. *as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语) 6.状语从句 *时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： 1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. *原因、结果和目的状语从句 1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well. 2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that ,so that,that,so等。 Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. *条件和让步状语从句 1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。 As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child) *方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened. PS: 这是网上复制来的，比较简单也算是比较全的~~~真正要讲起来...要几个小时~
爬爬的蜜糖
从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。主语从句用作主语，如：：Thattheearthisroundistrue．地球为圆的是真实的。宾语从句用作宾语。如：Doyouknowwherehelives?表语从句用作表语，如：Myopinionisthatyoushouldnotgoalone．我的意见是你不应单独前往。同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：Thefactthattheearthisroundistrue．地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明thefact）定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn．回答问题的学生是John．状语从句相当于一个副词，如：Whenitrains，Iusuallygotoschoolbybus．天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）Ifhecomestomorrow，youwillseehim．如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if＋状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged．他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。（结果状语，结果状语只是仅限于learn（得知），find（发现），see，hear，tobetold（被告知），make（使得）等具有界限含义的动词。）Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall．你必须大声说话，才能让所有人听到你说话。（目的状语，可以由that，sothat，inorderthat，lest，forfearthat，incase等词引导。）Since/Astheweatherissobad，wehavetodelayourjourney．天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。（原因状语从句，常用because，since，as，forfear（恐怕），seeingthat（既然），nowthat（＝since），consideringthat（考虑到）等引导。）Though/Thoughhewaswornout，（still）hekeptonworking．虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。（让步状语从句，引导的连词主要有以下这些：though，although，as；evenif，eventhough；whether…or…；nomatter＋疑问词，疑问词－ever．）WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees．我住的地方树很多。（地点状语从句，通常由where，wherever引导。）Aswateristofish，soairistoman．我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。（方式状语从句通常由as，（just）as…so…，asif，asthough引导。）主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：Iamateacher．其中，I是主语，am是谓语，ateacher是表语。Helikesplayingfootballverymuch．其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playingfootball是宾语，verymuch是状语。从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。主语从句用作主语，如：：Thattheearthisroundistrue．地球为圆的是真实的。宾语从句用作宾语。如：Doyouknowwherehelives?表语从句用作表语，如：Myopinionisthatyoushouldnotgoalone．我的意见是你不应单独前往。同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：Thefactthattheearthisroundistrue．地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明thefact）定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn．回答问题的学生是John．状语从句相当于一个副词，如：Whenitrains，Iusuallygotoschoolbybus．天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）Ifhecomestomorrow，youwillseehim．如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if＋状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged．他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。（结果状语，结果状语只是仅限于learn（得知），find（发现），see，hear，tobetold（被告知），make（使得）等具有界限含义的动词。）Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall．你必须大声说话，才能让所有人听到你说话。（目的状语，可以由that，sothat，inorderthat，lest，forfearthat，incase等词引导。）Since/Astheweatherissobad，wehavetodelayourjourney．天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。（原因状语从句，常用because，since，as，forfear（恐怕），seeingthat（既然），nowthat（＝since），consideringthat（考虑到）等引导。）Though/Thoughhewaswornout，（still）hekeptonworking．虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。（让步状语从句，引导的连词主要有以下这些：though，although，as；evenif，eventhough；whether…or…；nomatter＋疑问词，疑问词－ever．）WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees．我住的地方树很多。（地点状语从句，通常由where，wherever引导。）Aswateristofish，soairistoman．我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。（方式状语从句通常由as，（just）as…so…，asif，asthough引导。）【导读】主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：Iamateacher．其中，I是主语，am是谓语，ateacher是表语。Helikesplayingfootballverymuch．其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playingfootball是宾语，verymuch是状语。
