小百合2011
商务英语不同于其他专业语言，它有其自身的特点。本文使用了大量的例证从用词和句法两个方面分析了商务英语的主要特征，有助于人们更好地了解和掌握商务英语，为中国的国际商贸活动搭好语言桥梁。 关键词：商务英语 特点 词汇 句法 随着改革开放的不断深入和经济建设的迅速发展，我国的对外经济贸易也日益扩大，商务英语也日益受到社会各界人士的重视，在日常生活和工作中被广泛应用。由于商务英语传达的商务理论和实务等信息的特殊性，商务英语有其特殊的特点。本文主要从商务英语的用词、句法方面分析商务英语的特点。 一、商务英语词汇特点 1. 用词简单 国际商务活动非常讲究效率，使用简单的词语有助于人们进行交流，而复杂偏僻的词不易于理解，会给双方沟通增加障碍。从以下的例子中可以看出简单的词语更易于人们理解。 Complex or rare wordsSimple words account for by the fact that caused by add the point that add that at a price of $10 at $10 attempts try deliberationthought in the majority of cases most tangiblereal visualize see 2. 普通词汇，特殊意义 商务英语词汇中使用了大量的普通词汇，这些普通词在商务英语中有其特殊的含义，只有了解这些词的专业意义才能应用自如。例如： We allow a proper discount according to the quantity ordered. As to the terms of payment we usually require L/C payable by sight draft. 译：按照订货数量的多少，我方可以给予适当的折扣，至于支付方式，我方通常要求以即期信用证支付。这里“sight draft”是“即期信用证”的意思，是商务英语中的意义，而在一般的英语词汇中，“sight”表示“视力，看见”，“draft”表示“起草，草案”，若是按照普通英语词汇的含义来理解整个句子就会让人摸不着头脑。类似的词汇还有：balance（差额）、collection（托收）、a firm offer（实盘）、particular average（单独海损）、policy（保险单）、endorse in blank（空白背书）、tender（投标）、on sale（特价）、margin（利润，押金）等。 3. 缩略词 在长期的商务活动中约定俗成的缩略语大量涌现。缩略语一般都是由专业术语、组织机构专有名称转化而来，都取词组中的每个单词的首字母，并用大写组成，比较容易辨识。如：M/T (mail transfer)信汇，D/P(documents against payment)付款交单，F.O.B（free on board）离岸价，C.O.D(cash on delivery)货到付现，C.I.F(cost，insurance and freight)到岸价，WTO(World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织，EEC(European Economic Community)欧洲经济共同体，NYSE(New York Security Exchange)纽约证券交易所。常用缩略语在外贸函电中出现的频率很高，熟练地掌握这些缩略语有利于我们更好地进行商务活动。 4. 外来词的运用 商务英语中有不少专业术语源于拉丁语或法语，有些则是由其词根派生或合成。它们的意义比较稳定，有利于精确地表达概念，例如：as per（按照），ad valorem duty(从价关税)，bona fidebolder（汇票的善意持票人），de facto fort（事实上侵权行为），force majeure（不可抗力），ex dividend（除股息）等。 5. 新词的不断出现 商务英语作为一门综合类语言学科，与当今的政治、经济、文化和科技活动紧密相关，并随着时代的发展而发展。许多反映当代经济贸易的新思路、新概念及其先进技术等新词汇不断涌现，且大多属于复合词语。比如“Internet”这词，意指“国际互联网”，在以前的词典中没有出现过，它是随着全球经济一体化，信息技术、数字化及网络体系的产生与运用，而出现的新名词。此类词汇还有cybercash(电子货币)、virtual world(虚拟世界)、hacker（黑客）e-business（电子商务）、e-baking（电子银行）、multinational（跨国公司）等新词汇。又如随着公司企业管理方式变革，出现了CEO(首席执行官)这样的新词汇。 商务英语和我们日常交流所使用的英语有很多不同： 第一，单词的含义发生变化。在BEC商务英语中，很多单词的意思都发生了很大的变化，下面给大家列举一些单词。 1. 比如minute这个单词，大家都是知道这个单词表示的是“分钟”，例如：I'll meet you at the car in five minutes。但是在商务英语中，这个词却有其他的含义——“会议记录”，例如：Will you take the minutes? （你可以记会议记录吗？）。 2. 比如margin这个词，日常英语中表示“边缘，边际”，例如：Someone had scribbled a note in the margin。但是在商务英语中，它则表示“利润”，例如：Margins are lowand many companies are struggling。 3. 再比如balance，日常英语中表示“平衡”，I've got a good sense of balance and learnt to ski quite quickly. 但是在商务英语中，这个单词则表示“负债”的意思，The balance is due at the end of the month. Balance sheet即为公司三大财务报表之一的资产负债表。 所以，同学在学习商务英语的时候要注意辨析单词在不同语境中含义的变化，多阅读商务英语类文章，积累词汇量。 第二个特点为，商务英语中经常会使用一个单词的很多个词性。例如： 1. approach. 这个单词有两个词性，大多数考生可能都知道这个单词有动词词性，表示“靠近，接近”，另外为名词词性，表示“方法”，其实作为动词approach还有一个含义是“处理”，相当于deal with, 如：It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way。 2. address，名词词性为“地址”，动词词性则表示“处理”，如：Our products address the needs of real users。 3. launch，动词词性为“发射，发布，发行产品”，名词为“发射和发行”，The company hopes to launch the new drug by next October。 在商务英语中，经常会使用单词的众多含义和词性，这也是体现了语言的多样性和灵活性的特点，因此，考生在学习商务英语，或者平时积累英语知识的时候，要注意了解词汇的各个词性和用法，含义。 第三个特点就是商务英语中特有的商务词汇。 1. value for money 例如： value for money product 2. turnover: 例如：The illicit drugs industry has an annual turnover of some �0�5200 bn。 例如：a high degree of labour turnoveramong women 3. undercut the price：例如：Online bookstores can undercutretailers by up to 30%。 这几个词的含义分别为：物有所值的产品，营业额或者是员工离职，最后一个为比其他公司低的价格出售。 第四个特点是商务英语在写作与口语表达方面的格式。 其中尤其以商务写作的特点突出。商务写作，即商务信函，主要是用于商务沟通所需要，因此比较正式，却别于一般性质的信函和写作。这里我们举一些简单的例子来说明商务信函的正式方式，我们以信件为例。 商务信函首先是构架有规则。 商务信件的格式为： 1. 称呼，Opening 2. 首段（多为提及上次信件或本封信的目的），The first paragraph 3. 信的主体（根据内容分段）Body 4. 最后一句话（期待回函或见面）Final sentence 5. 结束语 closing phrase 6. 姓名 Name 7. 职位（根据需要决定是否写职位）Position Tips： 请求对方做某事： 商务英语当中表示请求时可以用问句来表示写信人的客气，如：Could you please send us recent updates of. 另外就是使用套句，如：We would be grateful if you could please send… 给出信息： 在告诉其他人信息时，不要直接就说出信息的内容，如：Just to letyou know that…而是遵循商务英语的语言方式和风格，We are pleased to inform you that… 进行指示： 不要说Call me if you need moreinformation。而是需要用正式的说法 Forfurther information, please contact our sales office 信件的最后一句话： See you next week! 这类的话非常的随意，因此要注意使用的场合。We look forward to hearing from you. 这样的句子是非常正式的。 结束语： 我们日常信函中经常会说Best regards Best wishes，但是在正式的商务英语中要说Yours sincerely。
阿圆凸凸凸
A =first quality,first grade,first classA.A.R =agianst all risksABV =aboveABT =aboutA/C,AC=accountACCES =accessory,accessoriesACDG =accordingACDGLY=accordinglyACEPT,ACPT=acceptACEPTD,ACPTD=acceptedACPTBL=acceptableACPTC =acceptanceACK =acknowledge,acknowledged,acknowledgementACOMN,ACCOMDN=accommodationAD =advertisementADDL,ADDNL=additionalADDN =additionADDS,ADS=addressADJ =adjust（ment）ADV =advice,adviseAFRN =afternoonAGCY =agencyAGN =againAGNT =agentAGNST,AGST=againstAGR =agreeAGRD =agreedAGRMT =agreementAIR =airmailAIRD =airmailedAIRG =airmailingAIRML =airmailAIRFRT=airfreightALRDY =alreadyAM =AmericaAMAP =as many（much） as possibleAMDT =amendmentAMDD =amendedAMND =amendAMNDMT=amendmentAMNT,AMT=amountANS =answerA/O =account ofA/OR =and/orAPPLCTN=applicationAPPROX,APPR=approximate（ly）APV =approveAPVD =approvedARFRT =airfreightA.R. =all risksARNGMTS=arrangementsAPR =AprilARR,ARV=arriveART =articleARVD =arrivedARVL =arrivalA/S =at sight,after sightASA =as soon asASAP =as soon as possibleASRTMT,ASTMT=assortment（for textiles BIZ）ASST =assistantASSTANCE=assistanceASSTD =assorted（for textiles BIZ）ATCH =attach（ed）（ment）ATN,ATTN=attentionAUG =AugustAUTH =authorizeAVBL,AVLBL=availableAVTG =averageA.W.B, AWB=air way billAWTG =awaitingAM,A/M=above mentioneda.k.a.=also known asa.s.o.=and so onB =beBG =bagBAL,BALCE =balanceB/B =bed and breakfast（for hotel BIZ）BCOS,BCOZ =becauseB/D =bank draftBEF,BFR =beforeBGN =beginBIBI =byebyeBIZ =businessBK =bank,bookBKFST =breakfast（for hotel business）BKBLE,BKBL =bookableBKG =bookingB/L =Bill of LadingBLCH =bleachBLDG =buildingBLNDD =blended（for textile BIZ）BP =British PharmacopoeiaBR =BritainBRS =brassBSNS =businessBSR =basic service rate（for ocean transportation BIZ）BTM =bottomBTN =buttonBTWN =betweenBUS =businessBXS =boxesBYR =buyerCA =CanadaCAAC =Civil Aviation Adiministration of ChinaCAD =Canadian dollar,Cash against DocumentsCALIF =CaliforniaCAND =Canadian dollarCAPT =captainCAT =catalogueCBL =cableCCIB =China CoMModity Inspection BureauCERT =certificateCFM =confirmCFMD =confirmedCFMG =confirmingCFMN,CFMTN =confirmationCFS =container feight stationCFT（CBFT） =cubic feetCHNG =changeCHNGD =changedCHQ =chequeCHRGS =chargesC.I.C.,CIC =China Insurance ClauseCK =checkCLR =colorCLRWY =colourway（for textiles BIZ）CLSD =closedCMOS =complementary metal-oxide semiconductorC/N =credit noteCNCL =cancelCMT =cutting,making（manufacturing） and trimmingCNCLN =cancellationCNT,CANT =can't,cannotCNTR =counterC/O =in care of=certificate of originC/OFR =counter offerCOL =collationCOL-CARD =colour card（for textiles BIZ）CLOWAY =colorwayCOMM =commissionCOMP =completeCONC =concerningCOND,CONDI =conditionCONSGNT,CONSGT=consignmentCONSR =consumerCONT =continueCONT,CONTR =contractCONTD =continuedCONTR,CTNR,CNTR=containerCOOP =co-operationCORP =cooperationCORR,CRT =correctCOSCO =China Ocean Shipping Co.C/P =Charter partyCR,CRED =creditCRT（S） =crate,cratesC/S =case,casesC/SMPL =counter sampleCST（S） =chest（s）CSTMR =customerCTF =correction to followCTLG =catalogueCTN（S） =carton（s）CU,CUB =cubicCUTG =cuttingCVC =cheif value cotton（for garments BIZ）CWT =hundred weightCY =container yardCY/CY =container yard to container yardDALPO =do all possibleDBL =doubleDBLB =double（room）with bathDBT =debitD/C =documentary credit（for banking BIZ）DCRE =decreaseDD,DTD =datedD/D =demand draftDEC =DecemberDELY =deliveryDEPT =departmentDESTN =destinationDFRN =different,differenceDIFF =differenceDIR =directorDIRTLY =directlyDIS,DISC =discountDISAPV =disapprove（al） DISHD =dishonoredDISRGD =disregardDIV =dividendDLRS,DLS =dollarsDLVR =deliverDLVD =deliveredDLVRY =deliveryDLY =delyD/N =debit noteDO =dittoDOC =documentsDOZ =dozenDPT =departureDR =debit,debitorDRG,DRWG=drawingDS =daysD/S =days sight=days after sightDSGN =design DT =dateDTL =detail（s）DUP,DUPLCT=duplicateDWN =downD.W.T.,DWT=deadweight ton（s）DZ =dozenE/D=expire dateEDF=estimated date of flightE.E.C=European Economic CommunityEEE,ERR=errorEELCE=L/CEL,E/L=export licenceEMGNCY=emergencyENC,ENCL=enclosureENQURY,ENQRY=enquiryE.&O.E=errors and omissions exceptedERLY=earlyEQL=equalEQUI=equivalentESTABG=establishingETA=estimated time of arrivalETD=estimated time of departureEXAM=examineEXCH,EXCHG=exchangeEXPLN=explainEXP=export,expireEXT=extend,extensionFACTRY=factoryFAQ=fair average qualityFAV=favourFAVRBL=favourableF/B=full board（for hotel BIZ）FCL=full container loadFDA=Food and Drug Adiministration（U.S.A.）F/E/C=foreign exchange certificatef.i.=for instance, free inFIG（S）=figure（s）FIO,F.I.O.=free in,out and stowedF.I.O.S.T=free in,out,stowed and trimmedFLT=flightFLW=followFLWG,FOLG=followingFEB=FebruaryFLWS=followsFM=fromFNL=finalF.O.=free outFOA=FOB airportFOC=free of chargeFOR=free on railFOT=free on truckFPA=free of particular averageF.R.E.C=Fire Risk Extension ClauseFRI=FridayFRT=freightFRZ=frozenFWD,FORWD=forwardFYI=for your informationFYG=for your guidanceFYR=for your referenceG/A=general averageGAL,GALL=gallonGBP=Great Britain PoundGD=goodGEN=generalGF=gold francGLD=goldGM（S）=gram（s）GMQ=Good Merchantable QualityGMT=Greenwich Mean TimeGNRL=generalG.O.H=garments on hangGOVT=governmentGR=grain,gram（me）G.R.T.=gross registered tonnageGR WT=gross,weightGSP=Generalized System of PreferencesGT=gross tonGV=giveGUAR,GURANTE=guaranteeG/W=gross weightH/B=half board（for hotel BIZ）HGT=heightHK=HongKongHKD=HongKong dollarHk（S）=hand（s）（for textile BIZ）H.O=head officeHOLDY=holidayHR=here,hourHP=high pressure,horsepowerHRWITH=herewithHV=haveHVB=have been,has been,had beenHVY=heavyHWEVR,HWVR=howeverIAW=in accordance withI.C.C.=institute cargo clauses, International Chamber of CoMMerceICW=in connection withIFMN=infomationIL.,I/L=import licenceIMM,IMMED=immediate（ly）IMMD,IMMET=immediateIMMDLY,IMDTLY=immediatelyIMP=importIMPRV=improveIMPS=impossibleIMPT=importantIMPVD=improvedIN=inchINCD,INCLDD=includedINCDG=includingINCL,INCLD=includeINCL=inclusiveINCR,INCRE=increaseINCRCT,INCOR=incorrectINDIV=individualINF,INFM=informINFMD=informedINFMG=informingINFMTN,INFN,IFMN=informationINFO=infomationINP=if not possibleINQ=inquireINQRY=inquiryINS=insuranceINST=installmentINSTRCTN,INSTN=instructionINSUR=insuranceINTL=internationalINTRST（D）=interest（ed）INTST=interestINV,IVO=invoiceINVEST,INVSGT=investigateINVSGN=investigationI/O=instead ofI.O.P=irrespective of percentageIOT=in order toIOU=I owe youIRRESP=irrespectiveIRREV,IRVCBL=irrevocableISO=International Standards OrganizationIVO=in view ofJAL=Japan Air LinesJAN=JanuaryJAP=JapanJCQD=jacquard（for textiles BIZ）JKT=jacketJUL=JulyJUN=JuneKANS=KansasKC（S）=kilocycle（s）KG（S）=kilogram（s）KL=kiloliterKM=kilometerKP=keepKV=kilovoltKW=kilowattKWH=kilowatt-hourKY=KentuckyL=letter,large,sterlingLAB,Lab=laboratoryLB（S）=pound（s）LCD=liquid-crystal diodeLCL=less than cartload lot,less than container loadLDN=LondonLDT=light displacementLED=light emitting diodeLET=letterL/G=letter of guaranteeLIT=litreLMT=local mean timeLNTH=lengthLST=local standard timeLT,L/T=long tonLTE=lateLTR,LTTR=letterLVE=leaveO/A =on or aboutO/B =on boardOBLD=obligedOBS =observeOBT =obtainOC =our cableOC5 =our cable dated 5thOCC =occupiedO.C.P,OCP=overland common pointOCT =OctoberODR =orderOFC =officeOFCL=officialOFF =officeOFA,OFR（S）=offer（s）OK =all right or agreedOL =our letterOPEC=Organization of the Petroleum=Exporting countriesOPN =openOPND=openedOPNG=openingOPT =optionORD =ordinaryORIG,ORGNL=originalOT =our telex,our telegramOTLX=our telexOTHWS=otherwiseOURSLVS=ourselvesOZ =ounceOZWS=otherwisePA =PennsylvaniaPACKG=packingPAMP,PAM=pamphletPAT =patentPATTN=patternPAYMT,PAYT=paymentPCE,PC=piecePCT =percentPCTG=percentagePENN=PennsylvaniaPHLN=PhilippinePIA =Pakistan Air LinesP/INV=proforma invoiceP.I.C.C.=The People's Insurance Co. of ChinaPKG =packing,packagePKTS=packetsPLS,PL=pleasePLT（S）=plate（s）POLY=polyesterPOSN=positionPOSS,POSSBL=possiblePRC =pricePREV=previousPROB=probablePROBM=problemPROD=produtionPROX=proximoPRVS=previousPRVT=privateP.S.T.,PST=Pacific Standard Time（U.S.A.）PUR =purchasePURCHS=purchasePURP=purposePVC=polyvinyl chloridePYMT=paymentQLTY =qualityQNTY =quantityQOT =quoteQSTN =questionQTN,QUTN=quotationQUOT,QUOTN=quotationR =areRCPT =receiptRCV =receiveRCVD =receivedRCVG,RECVG=receivingRD =read,roadRE =referringRECD,RECVD=receivedREF =referenceREFCON=refrigerated containerREG =registerREFD =registeredREGDG=regardingREGL =regularREIMB=reimbursementRELTNS=relationsRESPCTVLY=respectivelyREQ,REQST=requestREQMNT=requirementREQR =requireREQRMT=requirementREP =representativeREPT =reportRESN =reservationRESP =respectiveRESV =reserveREV =revisedRGDS =regards,best regardsRMKS =remarksRND =roundR/O =room only（without breakfast）（for hotel business）ROC =refer to our cableROC8/2=refer to our cable dated Feb.8ROL =refer to our letterRO/RO=roll on/roll offR/O/T=roll on tube（for textiles business）ROT =refer to our telegram（telex）ROTLX=refer to our telexRPT =repeat,reportRPTN =repetitionRPY =replyRQST =requestREPON=responsible（bility）R.S.V.P.=please reply（repondez s'il vous plait）RTRN =returnRYC =refer to your cable
垫块砖一米三
备考BEC必背商务英语词汇
BEC，指的是剑桥商务英语资格考试;剑桥系列考试中专为学习者提供的国际商务英语资格证书考试，考察真实工作环境中英语交流能力。下面是我整理的商务英语词汇，希望能帮到大家!
petty cash n. 零用现金
phase out n. 分阶段停止使用
pick v. 提取生产用零部件或给顾客发货 picking list n. 用于择取生产或运输订货的表格 pie chart n. 饼形图 pilot n. 小规模试验 pipeline n. 管道，渠道
plant capacity n. 生产规模，生产能力 plot v. 标绘，策划
plough back n. 将获利进行再投资 point of sale (POS) n. 销售点 policy n. 政策，规定, 保险单
portfolio n. (投资)组合 portfolio management n. 组合证券管理 post n. 邮件，邮局;职位 position n. 职位
potential n. 潜在力，潜势 power n. 能力
purchasing power 购买力
PR=Public Relations 公共关系
preference shares n. 优先股 price n. 价格
market price 市场价，市价 retail price 零售价
probation n. 试用期 product n. 产品
production cycle n. 生产周期 production schedule n. 生产计划 product life cycle n. 产品生命周期
product mix n.产品组合(种类和数量的组合) productive adj. 生产的，多产的 profile n. 简介形象特征 profit n. 利润 operating profit n. 营业利润 profit and loss account n. 损益账户 project v. 预测 promote v . 推销 promotion n. 提升，升级 proposal n. 建议，计划 prospect n. 预期，展望
prospectus n. 计划书，说明书 prosperity n. 繁荣，兴隆 prototype n. 原型，样品 publicity n. 引起公众注意 public adj. 公众的，公开的 go public 上市
public sector 公有企业 publicity n. 公开场合，名声，宣传 publics n.公众，(有共同兴趣的)人或社会人士punctual adj. 准时的 punctuality n. 准时
purchase v. & n. 购买
purchaser n. 买主，采购人 QC(=Quality Circle) n. 质检人员 qualify v. 有资格，胜任
qualified adj. 有资格的，胜任的，合格的 qualification n. 资格，资格证明 quality n. 质量
quality assurance n. 质量保证 quality control 质量控制，质量管理
quarterly adj./adv. 季度的，按季度 questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷 quote n. 报价，股票牌价 quotation n. 报价，股票牌价
R&D Research and Development 研究与开发 radically adv. 根本地，彻底地
raise n.(美)增薪v.增加，提高;提出，引起 range n. 系列产品 rank n./v. 排名 rapport n. 密切的关系，轻松愉快的气氛 rate n. 比率，费用 fixed rate 固定费用，固定汇率 going rate 现行利率，现行汇率 rating 评定结果 ratio n. 比率 rationalize v. 使更有效，使更合理 raw adj. 原料状态的，未加工的
raw material n. 原材料 receive v. 得到 receipt n. 收据 receiver n. 接管人，清算人 accounts receivable 应收帐
receivership n. 破产管理 recession n. 萧条 reckon v. 估算，认为
recognize v. 承认 reconcile v. 使……相吻合，核对，调和 recoup v. 扣除，赔偿 recover v. 重新获得，恢复
recovery n. 重获，恢复 recruit v. 招聘，征募 n. 新招收的人员 recruitment n. 新成员的吸收 red n. 红色 in the red 赤字，负债
reduce v. 减少 reduction n. 减少 redundant adj. 过多的，被解雇的 redundancy n. 裁员，解雇 reference n. 参考，参考资料
reference number (Ref. No.) 产品的参考号码 refund n./v. 归还，偿还 region n. 地区
reimburse v. 偿还，报销
reject n./v. 拒绝 reliability n. 可靠性
relief n. 减轻，解除，救济 relocate v. 调动，重新安置 remuneration n. 酬报，酬金 rent v. 租 n. 租金
rep (代表)的缩写 report to v. 低于(某人)，隶属，从属 reposition v. (为商品)重新定位 represent v. 代表，代理 representative n. 代理人，代表 reputation n. 名声，声望
reputable adj. 名声/名誉好的 reserves n. 储量金，准备金 resign v. 放弃，辞去 resignation n. 辞职 resistance n. 阻力，抵触情绪 respond v. 回答，答复 response n. 回答，答复 restore v. 恢复
result/results n. 结果，效果 retail n./v. 零售 retailer n. 零售商 retained earnings n. 留存收益 retire v. 退休 retirement n. 退休
return n. 投资报酬
return on investment (ROI) n. 投资收入， 投资报酬 revenue n. 岁入，税收 review v./n. 检查 reward n./v. 报答，报酬，奖赏 rework v. (因劣质而)重作 risk capital n. 风险资本 rival n. 竞争者，对手 adj.竞争的 rocket v. 急速上升，直线上升，飞升 ROI Return on Investment 投资利润 roughly adv. 粗略地 round adj. 整数表示的，大约 round trip 往返的`行程
royalty n. 特许权，专利权税 run v. 管理，经营 running adj. 运转的 sack v. 解雇 sales force 销售人员 sample n. 样品v. 试验;抽样检验 saturation n. (市场的)饱和(状态) saturate v. 饱和 save v. 节省，储蓄 savings n. 存款
scale n. 刻度，层次 scapegoat n. 替罪羊
scare adj. 缺乏的，不足的 scrap n. 废料或废品 seasonal adj. 季节性的
section n. 部门 sector n. 部门 securities n. 债券及有价证券 segment n. 部分v. 将市场划分成不同的部分 segmentation n. 将市场划分成不同的部门 semi-skilled adj. 半熟练的 settle v. 解决，决定 settlement n. 解决，清偿，支付 service n. 服务，帮佣 services n. 专业服务 settle v. 安排，支付 set up v. 创立 share n. 股份
shareholder n. 股东
shelf-life n. 货架期(商品可以陈列在货架上的时间
shift n. 轮班
showroom n. 陈列室
simulation n. 模拟 shop n. 商店
closed shop 限制行业(只允许本工会会员)open shop 开放行业(非会员可从事的工作)shop steward 工会管事 shop floor 生产场所
shortlist n.供最后选择的候选人名单v. 把……列入最后的候选人名单 sick leave 病假
sick note 病假条 sick pay 病假工资
skilled employee n. 熟练工人
skimming n. 高额定价，撇奶油式定价
slogan n. 销售口号 slump n. 暴跌
a slump in sales 销售暴跌 soft-sell n.劝诱销售(术)，软销售(手段) software n. 软件
sole adj. 仅有的，单独的
sole distributor 独家分销商 solvent adj. 有偿付能力的 sourcing n. 得到供货 spare part n. 零部件 specification n. 产品说明 split v. 分离
spokesman n. 发言人
sponsor n. 赞助者(为了商品的广告宣传) spread n. (股票买价和卖价的)差额 stable adj. 稳定的 staff n. 职员
stag n. 投机认股者v. 炒买炒卖 stagnant adj. 停滞的，萧条的 statute n. 成文法 statutory adj. 法定的 steadily adv. 稳定地，平稳地 stock n. 库存，股票 stock exchange n. 证券交易所
stockbroker n. 股票经纪人 stock controller 库房管理者 storage n. 贮藏，库存量
strategy n. 战略 streamline v. 精简机构，提高效率 stress n. 压力，紧迫 strike n. 罢工 structure n. 结构，设备
subcontract v. 分包(工程项目)，转包 subordinate n. 下级adj.下级的 subscribe v. 认购 subsidiary n. 子公司
subsidize v. 补贴，资助 subsidy n. 补助金
substantially adv. 大量地，大幅度地 summarize v. 概括，总结 superior n. 上级，长官 supervisor n. 监督人，管理人 supervisory adj. 监督的，管理的 supply n./v. 供给，提供 survey n 调查
秋月羽羽
asap=as soon as possible 尽快L/C=letter of credit 信用证GSP=generalized system of preferences,也称FORM A 普惠制原产地证明书T/T=telegraphic transfer 电汇M/T=mail transfer信汇=letter of transferD/D=demand draft票汇=bill of remittanceD/P=document against payment 付款交单D/A=documentary against acceptance 承兑交单FYI=for your information 供参考ICC=intertional chamber of commerce国际商会IMF=Intertional monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织OPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织
萝卜的破哥哥
例：The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage, it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters.题目：Alienation and the Internet （网络，你“离间”了人群？） 你是一个每日无网不成欢的“网虫”、“网蝶”？ 抑或是一个问世间网为何物的“网盲”？网络正潜移默化地改变着现代人的生活，而现代人也就其与自身的关系进行着深深的思索。 The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage, it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters.1 It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by the globalization of ideas. I developed this position2 years before the Internet came into wide spread use. And I am excited at the potential for the Internet to dramatically alter our global society for the better. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences. There has been much talk about the "new information age." But much less widely reported has been the notion that the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.3 At first this might sound like an apparent contradiction: how can something, that is on the one hand responsible for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas, alienate the participants? I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a "problem" with the Internet. When I questioned him further he said that he was "addicted,"4 and has "forced" himself to go off-line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic, in that moderate use of the Internet was just not possible for him.5 I have not known this fellow to be given to exaggeration, therefore when he described his internet binges,6 when he would spend over twenty-four hours on line non-stop, it gave me pause to think. He said, "the Internet isn't real, but I was spending all my time on line, so I just had to stop." He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed7 his sense of reality, and that it made him feel lonely and depressed. The fragmentation of society has been lamented for some time now. It seems to me that it probably began in earnest after World War II when a generation returned from doing great deeds overseas. They won the war, and by God they were going to win the peace. Automobile ownership became commonplace and suburbs were created. "Progress" was their mantra.8 So even prior to the Internet's widespread popularity, folks were already becoming distanced from their extended families and neighbors. And when we fast-forward to today we see an almost cruel irony in that people can and often do develop on-line relationships with folks on the other side of the globe, without leaving their homes. But at the expense of the time that would have otherwise been available for involvement in other activities which might foster a sense of community in their villages, towns and cities. Last weekend my wife and I invited our extended family to our home to celebrate our daughter's birthday. During the celebration my young nephew spent the entire time on my computer playing a simulated war game. My brother-in-law and I were chatting near by and it struck us that in generations past, his son, my nephew, would have been outside playing with his friends. But now the little fellow goes on line to play his games against his friends in cyberspace. It seems to me that the Internet is a powerful tool that presents an opportunity for the advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge. However, based on my personal experience I can understand how, as they surf the web some folks might be confronted with cognitive overload.9 And I can also understand how one might have his or her sense of reality distorted in the process. Is the Internet a real place? Depending upon how a "real place" is defined it might very well be. At the very least, I believe that when we use the Internet, we are forced to ask fundamental questions about how we perceive the world about us—perhaps another unintended consequence. Some would argue that the virtual existences created by some users who debate, shop, travel and have romance on line are in fact not real. While others would argue that, since in practical terms, folks are debating, shopping, travelling and having romance, the converse is true. All of this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives. This would allow us to maximize its potential without losing our sense of place.10 However like most things that is easier said than done. It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above all else, and what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace, where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster.11 The widespread use of the automobile forever changed our society and culture, and perhaps a similar sort of thing is occurring now. I am not at all certain where the "information superhighway" will lead us: some say to Utopia,12 while others feel it's the road to hell. But I do know that we all have the ability to maintain our sense of place in the world. Whether we choose to take advantage of this ability is another matter. 1．上网的途径及网络的应用所受到的限制相对还比较少，就这点来说，网上交流相当于在国际海域行驶。 2．position：立场，观点。 3．由于网络使个人用户之间彼此疏远，从而有可能导致社会的进一步分化，这种观点却没有得到广泛报导。 4．addict：使沉湎、使入迷。 5．他说自己就像一个酒鬼，适量控制上网时间对他来讲是不可能的。alcoholic：饮酒过度的人，嗜酒者。 6．binge：无节制的狂热行为。 7．skew：歪曲，曲解。 8．mantra：（印度教和大乘佛教中的）曼特罗，祷文。作者用以喻指发展是当时社会的主题，是被经常提及同时又是人们所推崇的。 9．有些人上网时可能还会面临一个认知超载的问题。意思是网上的资料太多了。cognitive overload：认知的超载。 10．place：位置，地位。 11．在我看来，我们所生活的社会重视即时利益高于一切，而没有什么地方能比网络空间让人更快获得即时利益，因为在网络世界里你可以随心所欲。 gratification：可以从中获得利益或乐趣等的事物。oyster：满足，给人快意的物(原因)。 12．Utopia：乌托邦，理想中最美好的社会。
