Shiro白小白
英汉对照：伊斯坦布尔 Istanbul旧称君士坦丁堡(Constantinople)，古称拜占廷(Byzantium)。 土耳其城市和海港。位于黑海口的一个半岛上，是土耳其最大城市，坐落在博斯普鲁斯海峡两岸，地跨亚欧两洲。公元前8世纪拜占廷被建成一个希腊殖民地。公元前512年移交给波斯帝国，后来又被亚历山大大帝统治，公元1世纪拜占廷成为罗马人治下的一个自由城。330年君士坦丁一世将罗马帝国的首都定于该城，后更名为君士坦丁堡。它一直是拜占廷帝国的都城，直到5世纪末罗马帝国衰落。6～13世纪该城先后被波斯人、阿拉伯人、保加利亚人和俄罗斯人围攻。第四次十字军东征时被占领(1203)，由拉丁基督教徒统治。该城1261年重归拜占廷统治。1453年成为奥斯曼帝国的都城，取名为伊斯坦布尔。1923年土耳其将首都移到安卡拉，君士坦丁堡于1930年正式更名为伊斯坦布尔。该城许多历史古迹都位于中世纪有围墙的古城(斯坦布尔)。伊斯坦布尔的建筑珍品包括圣索非亚教堂、苏莱曼清真寺(1550～1557)和布鲁清真寺。其教育机构有伊斯坦布尔大学(1453年成立)，为土耳其最古老的大学。Istanbulformerly Constantinople ancient ByzantiumSituated on a peninsula at the entrance to the Black Sea, Turkey's largest city lies on either side of the Bosporus and thus is located in both Europe and Asia. Byzantium was founded as a Greek colony in the 8th century BC. Passing to the Persian Achaemenian dynasty in 512 BC and then to Alexander the Great, it became a free city under the Romans in the 1st century AD. The emperor Constantine I made the city the seat of the Eastern Roman Empire in 330, later naming it Constantinople. It remained the capital of the subsequent Byzantine Empire after the fall of Rome in the late 5th century. In the 6th–13th centuries it was frequently besieged by Persians, Arabs, Bulgars, and Russians. It was captured by the Fourth Crusade (1203) and turned over to Latin Christian rule. It was returned to Byzantine rule in 1261. In 1453 it was captured by the Ottoman Empire and made the Ottoman capital. When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930. Many of the city's historic sites are located in the medieval walled city (Stamboul). Among its architectural treasures are the Hagia Sophia, the Mosque of Süleyman, and the Blue Mosque. Its educational institutions include the University of Istanbul (founded 1453), Turkey's oldest university.
南得珍贵
Istanbul's Blue MosqueIstanbul's Blue Mosque(清真寺) was built partly as an effort to show Christians that Ottoman(土耳其人) culture could produce something to rival the Hagia Sophia. The architect(建筑), Sedefkâr Mehmet Aÿa, was looking to rival(竞争者) the visual experience of Istanbul's famous church. And it is in fact an architectural(建筑上的) masterpiece(杰作). And it is built so that visitors to the city can see both the mosque and the Hagia Sophia(教堂名), and can compare the two... The mosque is also one of the most noticeable(著名的) landmarks(里程碑) in Istanbul, particularly as you stand on the Asian side of the city, along the shore of the Sea of Marmara. If size and location(位置) alone don't distinguish(著名) it for visitors, its unusual array(排列) of six minarets(清真寺的尖塔) make the mosque unmistakable(不会弄错的). Sultan Ahmet I ordered the construction(建造) of the Blue Mosque in 1609. It was completed in 1616. The mosque is huge, with a capacity(容纳) of about 10,000 people; among the first experiences for a visitor to the mosque is coming to is the courtyard. Ablution fountains around the courtyard allow Muslims to prepare to enter the mosque by wash their face, arms, neck and feet as well as mouth and nose. The courtyard is tiered( 阶梯式的)and marble(大理石) steps take visitors from one level to the next. Being inside the mosque makes one feel small. The chandeliers(枝形吊灯) and blue tiles(地砖) (from which the mosque takes its name) create a unique sense of lighting inside. The dimensions(尺寸) of the mosque are (like nearby Hagia Sophia) staggering(摇晃欲倒的). The dome(圆盖)rises to about 140 high and is 77 feet in diameter(直径). Four pillars (柱子)hold up the roof; they measure about 16 feet in diameter. There are some 260 windows. While the mosque is a necessary visit on any first trip to Istanbul, keep in mind that the historic(历史的) building is still in use as a mosque. Dress appropriately(适当地). And be prepared for the fact that five times a day the most closes to visitors for about 90 minutes will prayer(祈祷者)( takes place. Mid-morning is the best time to visit; prayer takes place at dawn(黎明)( and at noon, which creates a window of about three hours (8:30 to 11:30am) to visit. Exact prayer times vary with the seasons.
一粒砂的梦想
康斯坦丁是英文译音，君士坦丁是法文译音，发音不同，个人认为君士坦丁更贴切，大部分中文历史书翻译都是君士坦丁，也就是罗马大帝意识，首都取名君士坦丁堡（现在的土耳其伊斯坦布尔），按美国人的叫法就是康斯坦丁（美语发音），按欧洲人叫法就是君士坦丁（法语发音），如果还不清楚可以查一下罗马帝国历史。就知道发音由来了。
潘潘吃吃吃啊
伊斯坦堡在其存在的历史之中曾拥有过很多个不同的名字，这些名字都是受该市统治者的文化、语言和宗教所影响。而拜占庭、君士坦丁堡和士坦堡这些旧名现时仍然是某些国家活跃使用的名称。除这些名字之外，伊斯坦堡亦曾被称为「新罗马」或「第二罗马」，因为罗马帝国君主君士坦丁大帝在古代希腊殖民地拜占庭城建立了罗马帝国的纯正基督教首都，以抗衡仍有大量异教徒充斥的罗马城。[1] 伊斯坦堡亦别名「七座山丘的城市」，因为该市的老城是由君士坦丁建於七座山丘上，以与罗马的七座山丘相映衬。这七座山丘在市徽内以七座清真寺代表，每座山上一座。[2]由於伊斯坦堡在整个中世纪有著极高的重要性和丰厚的财富，所以伊斯坦堡的另一个别名是Vasileousa Polis (「众城市的女王」)The modern Turkish name İstanbul (IPA: [istambul] or colloquial [ɨstanbul]) is attested (in a range of different variants) since the 10th century, at first in Armenian and Arabic and then in Turkish sources; it has been the common name for the city in normal speech in Turkish even since before the conquest of 1453. It derives from the Greek phrase "εις την ∏όλιν" or "στην ∏όλη" [(i)stimboli(n)], both meaning "in the city" or "to the city".[2]Byzantium is the first known name of the city. When Roman emperor Constantine I (Constantine the Great) made the city the new eastern capital of the Roman Empire on May 11, 330, he conferred on it the name Nova Roma ("New Rome"). Constantinople ("City of Constantine") was the name by which the city became soon more widely known instead of Nova Roma, in honour of Constantine I. It is first attested in official use under emperor Theodosius II (408-450).[3] It remained the principal official name of the city throughout the Byzantine period, and the most common name used for it in the West until the early 20th century.The city has also been nicknamed "The City on Seven Hills" because the historic peninsula, the oldest part of the city, was built on seven hills (just like Rome). The hills are represented in the city's coat of arms with seven mosques, one at the top of each hill.[4] Two of many other old nicknames of Istanbul are Vasilevousa Polis ("Queen of Cities"), which rose from its importance and wealth throughout the Middle Ages and "Dersaadet," originally Der-i Saadet (The door to happiness) which was first used twoards the end of 19th century and still remembered.With the Turkish Postal Service Law of March 28, 1930, the Turkish authorities officially requested foreigners to adopt Istanbul as the sole name also in their own languages
lincolnsuper
君士坦丁堡城以皇宫为起点，君士坦丁一世修筑的城墙分成两路，向西延伸。由于君士坦丁堡的南北两边都濒临大海，因此这两段城墙的高度只有12到15米，整个城市坐落在城墙后面的山丘之上，远来的商船从海上就可以望见圣宫建筑群、赛车竞技场、圣索非亚大教堂（该教堂的巨大穹顶可以当作灯塔使用），以及城内林立的各种宏伟建筑。在城市的西端坐落着第三段城墙，即长达4.3公里的君士坦丁城墙。提奥多西二世皇帝在君士坦丁城墙的西边修筑了提奥多西城墙,由于城外就是色雷斯平原，因此这段城防系统被设计得复杂无比。提奥多西城墙从外向内依次为外护墙、护城河、护城河内墙、陡坡护壁、外城台（Peribolos）、外城墙、内城台（Parateichion）、内城墙。外城墙高约8米，内城墙高约12至20米。城墙外侧陡立，用花岗岩巨石砌成，墙顶为人行道和作战平台，并有雉堞掩护士兵。城墙内侧为斜坡，有岩石护墙、藏兵洞和仓库。外城墙和内城墙上耸立着96座塔楼、三百多座角楼和碉堡，塔楼凸出城墙约5米，平均间距60多米，形成强大的火力支援系统。城墙外为宽约18米的护城河。
优质英语培训问答知识库
