乐器英文单词100个

中国乐器:（1） 吹奏乐器：如笙、芦笙、排笙、葫芦丝、笛、管子、巴乌、埙、唢呐、箫，等。 （2） 弹拨乐器：如琵琶、筝、扬琴、七弦琴(古琴)、热瓦普、冬不拉、阮、柳琴、三弦、月琴、弹布尔，等。 （3） 打击乐器：如堂鼓(大鼓)、碰铃、缸鼓、定音缸鼓、铜鼓、大锣小锣、小鼓、排鼓、达卜(手鼓)、大钹，等。 （4） 拉弦乐器：如二胡、板胡、革胡、马头琴、艾捷克、京胡、中胡、高胡，等。 西洋乐器包括:弦乐器,木管乐器,铜管乐器,键盘乐器,打击乐器 1.弦乐器 弦乐器是乐器家族内的一个重要分支，在古典音乐乃至现代轻音乐中，几乎所有的抒情旋律都由弦乐声部来演奏。可见，柔美、动听是所有弦乐器的共同特征。弦乐器的音色统一，有多层次的表现力：合奏时澎湃激昂，独奏时温柔婉约；又因为丰富多变的弓法（颤、碎、拨、跳，等）而具有灵动的色彩。弦乐器的发音方式是依靠机械力量使张紧的弦线振动发音，故发音音量受到一定限制。弦乐器通常用不同的弦演奏不同的音，有时则须运用手指按弦来改变弦长，从而达到改变音高的目的。弦乐器从其发音方式上来说，主要分为弓拉弦鸣乐器（如提琴类）和弹拨弦鸣乐器（如吉它）。 弓拉弦鸣乐器：小提琴（Violin）、中提琴（Viola）、大提（Cello）、倍低音提琴（Double Bass）、电贝司（Electric Bass）； 弹拨弦鸣乐器：竖琴（Harp）、吉它（Guitar）、电吉它（Electric Guitar）。 2.木管乐器 木管乐器起源很早，从民间的牧笛、芦笛等演变而来。木管乐器是乐器家族中音色最为丰富的一族，常用被来表现大自然和乡村生活的情景。在交响乐队中，不论是作为伴奏还是用于独奏，都有其特殊的韵味，是交响乐队的重要组成部分。木管乐器大多通过空气振动来产生乐音，根据发声方式，大致可分为唇鸣类（如长笛等）和簧鸣类（如单簧管等）。木管乐器的材料并不限于木质，同样有选用金属、象牙或是动物骨头等材质的。它们的音色各异、特色鲜明。从优美亮丽到深沉阴郁，应有尽有。正因如此，在乐队中，木管乐器常善于塑造各种维妙维肖的音乐形象，大大丰富了管弦乐的效果。 唇鸣类：长笛（Flute）、短笛（Piccolo）； 簧鸣类：单簧管（Clarinet）、双簧管（Oboe）、英国管（EnglishHorn）、大管（Bassoon）、萨克斯管（Saxophone）。 3.铜管乐器 铜管乐器的前身大多是军号和狩猎时用的号角。在早期的交响乐中使用铜管的数量不大。在很长一段时期里，交响乐队中只用两只圆号，有时增加一只小号到十九世纪上半叶，铜管乐器才在交响乐队中被广泛使用。铜管乐器的发音方式与木管乐器不同，它们不是通过缩短管内的空气柱来改变音高，而是依靠演奏者唇部的气压变化与乐器本身接通“附加管”的方法来改变音高。所有铜管乐器都装有形状相似的圆柱形号嘴，管身都呈长圆锥形状。铜管乐器的音色特点是雄壮、辉煌、热烈，虽然音质各具特色，但宏大、宽广的音量为铜管乐器组的共同特点，这是其它类别的乐器所望尘莫及的。 铜管乐器：小号（Trumpet）、短号（Cornet）、长号（Trombone）、圆号（French Horn）、大号（Tuba）。 4.键盘乐器 在键盘乐器家族中，所有的乐器均有一个共同的特点，那就是键盘。但是它们的发声方式却有着微妙的不同，如钢琴是属于击弦打击乐器类，而管风琴则属于簧鸣乐器类，而电子合成器，则利用了现代的电声科技等等。键盘乐器相对于其他乐器家族而言，有其不可比拟的优势，那就是其宽广的音域和可以同时发出多个乐音的能力。正因如此，键盘乐器即使是作为独奏乐器，也具有丰富的和声效果和管弦乐的色彩。所以，从古至今，键盘乐器倍受作曲家们和音乐爱好者们的关注和喜爱。 键盘乐器：钢琴（Piano）、管风琴（Organ）、手风琴（Piano Accordion）、电子琴（Electronic Keyboard）。 5.打击乐器 打击乐器可能是乐器家族中历史最为悠久的一族了。其家族成员众多，特色各异，虽然它们的音色单纯，有些声音甚至不是乐音，但对于渲染乐曲气氛有着举足轻重的作用。通常打击乐器通过对乐器的敲击、摩擦、摇晃来发出声音。可不要认为打击乐器仅能起加强乐曲力度、提示音乐节奏的作用，事实上，有相当多的打击乐器能作为旋律乐器使用呢！现代管弦乐队里增加了很多非洲、亚洲音乐里的音色奇异的打击乐器，几乎无法完全罗列。 有调打击乐器：定音鼓（Timpani）、木琴（Xylophone）； 无调打击乐器：小鼓（Snare Drum）、大鼓（Bass Drum）、三角铁（Triangle）、铃鼓（Tambourine）、响板（Castanets）、砂槌（Maracas）、钹（Cymbals）、锣（Gong）。

Guqin (Chinese: 古琴; pinyin: gǔqín) - Seven-stringed zither Se (Chinese: 瑟; pinyin: sè) - 25 stringed zither with moveable bridges (ancient sources say 13, 25 or 50 strings) Guzheng (古筝) - 16-26 stringed zither with movable bridges Konghou (箜篌) - Chinese harp (much like a Western one) Pipa (琵琶) - 4 or 5 stringed pear-shaped lute Sanxian (三弦) - A plucked lute with body covered with snakeskin and long fretless neck Ruan (Chinese: 阮; pinyin: ruǎn) - Moon-shaped lute in five sizes: gaoyin-, xiao-, zhong-, da-, and diyin- Liuqin (柳琴) - A small plucked lute with a pear-shaped body and four strings Yueqin (月琴) - A plucked lute with a wooden body, a short fretted neck, and four strings tuned in pairs Qinqin (秦琴) - A plucked lute with a wooden body and fretted neck Duxianqin (Traditional Chinese: 独弦琴; Simplified Chinese: 独弦琴) - A plucked zither with only one string Huqin (胡琴) - Family of vertical fiddles Erhu (二胡) - Two-stringed fiddle Zhonghu (中胡) - Two-stringed fiddle, lower pitch than erhu Gaohu (高胡) - Two-stringed fiddle, higher pitch than erhu Banhu (板胡) - Two-stringed fiddle with a coconut resonator and wooden face Jinghu (京胡) - Two-stringed fiddle, very high pitched, used mainly for Peking Opera Erxian (二弦) - Two-stringed fiddle, used in Cantonese, Chaozhou, and nanguan music Yehu (椰胡) - Two-stringed fiddle with coconut body Huluhu (Traditional Chinese: 葫卢胡; Simplified Chinese: 葫芦胡) - Two-stringed fiddle with gourd body Maguhu (Traditional Chinese: 马骨胡; Simplified Chinese: 马骨胡; pinyin: mǎgǔhú) - Two-stringed fiddle with horse bone body Tuhu (土胡) - Two-stringed fiddle used by the Zhuang people of Guangxi Jiaohu (角胡) - Two-stringed fiddle used by the Gelao people of Guangxi Sihu (四胡) - Four-stringed fiddle with strings tuned in pairs Zhuihu (Traditional Chinese: 坠胡; Simplified Chinese: 坠胡) - Two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard Leiqin (雷琴) - Two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard Dihu (低胡) - Low pitched two-stringed fiddles in the erhu family, in three sizes: Xiaodihu (小低胡) - Small dihu, tuned one octave below the erhu Zhongdihu (中低胡) - Medium dihu, tuned one octave below the zhonghu Dadihu (大低胡) - Large dihu, tuned two octaves below the erhu Dahu (大胡) - Another name for the xiaodihu Cizhonghu - Another name for the xiaodihu Gehu (革胡) - Four-stringed bass instrument, tuned and played like cello Diyingehu (低音革胡) - Four stringed contrabass instrument, tuned and played like double bass Laruan - Four-stringed bowed instrument modeled on the cello Matouqin (马头琴) - Mongolian two-stringed "horsehead fiddle" Yazheng (牙筝) - Bowed zither Yangqin (扬琴) - Hammered dulcimer of varying strings struck using two bamboo hammers Zhu (筑) - Ancient zither, struck or plucked with a stick Jiaoweiqin (焦尾琴) Dizi (笛子) - Transverse bamboo flute with buzzing membrane Xiao (箫) - End-blown flute Paixiao (Traditional Chinese: 排箫; Simplified Chinese: 排箫) - Pan pipes Chi (篪) - Ancient Chinese flute Xindi (新笛) - Modern transverse flute with as many as 21 holes Dongdi (侗笛) Koudi (口笛) - Very small transverse bamboo flute Guan (Chinese: 管; pinyin: guǎn) - A cylindrical double reed wind instrument; also called bili Suona (Traditional Chinese: 唢呐; Simplified Chinese: 唢呐) - A double reed wind instrument with a flaring metal bell Bawu (Traditional Chinese: 巴乌; Simplified Chinese: 巴乌; pinyin: bāwū) - Side-blown free reed pipe with finger holes Mangtong (芒筒) - End-blown free reed pipe producing a single pitch Zhu (Chinese: 柷; pinyin: zhù) - A wooden box that tapers from the bottom, played by hitting a stick on the inside, used to mark the beginning of music Yu (Chinese: 敔; pinyin: yǔ) - A wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back, played by hitting a stick with an end made of around 15 stalks of bamboo on its head three times and across the serrated back once to mark the end of the music Muyu (Traditional Chinese: 木鱼; Simplified Chinese: 木鱼; pinyin: mùyú) - A rounded woodblock carved in the shape of a fish, struck with a wooden stick. Often used in Buddhist chanting Bianqing (simplified: 编磬; traditional: 编磬; pinyin: biānqìng) - A rack of hung stone tablets struck using a mallet Zenghou Yi Bianqing (曾侯乙编磬) Chuzeng Baizhong (楚曾百钟) - 100 bronze bells hung on a rack, struck using poles Bianzhong (编钟) - 65 bronze bells hung on a rack, struck using poles Fangxiang (Traditional Chinese: 方响; Simplified Chinese: 方响; Hanyu Pinyin: fang1 xiang3; Wade-Giles: fang hsiang) - A set of tuned metal slabs (metallophone) Shangnao (商铙) Bo (钹) - A flat plate of metal struck with a mallet Luo (锣) - Gong Yunluo (云锣; 云罗) - "Cloud gongs" 10 or more small tuned gongs in a frame Shimianluo - 10 small tuned gongs in a frame Laba (喇叭) - A long, straight trumpet without valves Xun (埙; pinyin: xūn) - Ocarina made of baked clay Fou (缶; pinyin: fǒu) - Clay pot played as a percussion instrument Sheng (Chinese: 笙; pinyin: shēng) - A free reed mouth organ consisting of varying number of bamboo pipes inserted into a gourd chamber with finger holes Yu (Chinese: 竽; pinyin: yú) - An ancient free reed mouth organ similar to the sheng but generally larger Lusheng (Traditional Chinese: 芦笙; Simplified Chinese: 芦笙; pinyin: lúshēng) - A free reed mouth organ with five or six pipes, played by various ethnic groups in southwestern China and neighboring countries Hulusi (Traditional Chinese: 葫卢丝; Simplified Chinese: 葫芦丝; pinyin: húlúsī) - A free reed wind instrument with three bamboo pipes which pass through a gourd wind chest; one pipe has finger holes and the other two are drone pipes; used primarily in Yunnan province Hulusheng (Traditional Chinese: 葫卢笙; Simplified Chinese: 葫芦笙; pinyin: húlúshēng) - A free reed mouth organ with a gourd wind chest; used primarily in Yunnan province Daigu - (大鼓) - Large drum Huzuo Dagu (虎座大鼓) Huzuo Wujia Gu (虎座鸟架鼓) Jian`gu (建鼓) Paigu (排鼓) Gudi (骨笛) - An ancient flute made of bone Lilie (唎咧) - A reed wind instrument with a conical bore played by the Li people of Hainan Lusheng (芦笙) - A free reed mouth organ with five or six pipes, played by various ethnic groups in southwestern China and neighboring countries Kouxian (口弦) - A Jew's harp, made of bamboo or metal

flute、pan flute、Lu Sheng、suona horn、Liu chin、Lute。

1、笛子（flute），是古老的汉族乐器，也是汉族乐器中最具代表性最有民族特色的吹奏乐器。中国传统音乐中常用的横吹木管乐器之一，中国竹笛，一般分为南方的曲笛、北方的梆笛和介于两者之间的中音笛。

2、排箫（pan flute）传统乐器，迄今发现的世界上最早的排箫，是距今3000年的中国西周初期的骨排箫。排箫是把若干支同种材质的音管，用粘接、捆绑、或框架固定的方式把它们结合成一个整体乐器。

3、芦笙（Lu Sheng），为西南地区苗、瑶、侗等民族的簧管乐器。 发源于中原，后传入少数民族地区，其前身为竽。芦笙，是少数民族特别喜爱的一种古老乐器之一，逢年过节，他们都要举行各式各样、丰富多彩的芦笙会，吹起芦笙跳起舞，庆祝自己的民族节日。

4、唢呐（suona horn）的音色明亮，音量大，管身木制，呈圆锥形，上端装有带哨子的铜管，下端套着一个铜制的喇叭口（称作碗），所以俗称喇叭。在台湾民间称为鼓吹；在广东地区又被称为嘀嗒 ，是广东“八音”乐器中的一种。

5、柳琴（Liu chin），弹弦乐器。又称柳叶琴、金刚腿、土琵琶。中国传统乐器。原流行于苏、鲁、皖等省。现流行于全国各地，以山东临沂及苏北一带为主。 属唐代以来在民间流传的梨形音箱弹弦乐器之一种，其外形、构造、奏法均与阮相似。

6、琵琶（Lute），是弹拨乐器首座， 拨弦类弦鸣乐器。木制，音箱呈半梨形，上装四弦，原先是用丝线，现多用钢丝、钢绳、尼龙制成。颈与面板上设用以确定音位的“相”和“品”。演奏时竖抱，左手按弦，右手五指弹奏，是可独奏、伴奏、重奏、合奏的重要民族乐器。