地道美式英语演讲

下面写的大概在350字左右，供你删改吧~~~（地道的美式哦~~~）Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech on August 28, 1963, at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Many regard it as the greatest speech of the twentieth century and, more than that, one of the greatest speeches in history. Though King was one of several featured speakers that day, "I Have a Dream" became synonymous with the aims of the march and the entire civil rights movement. His dream represented the dream of millions of Americans demanding a free, equal, and just nation.A scholar and a pastor, King was able to combine academic, political, and biblical elements in his "I Have a Dream" speech. He referenced the Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the Bible. When delivering his address, he spoke with accessible language and used repetition to drive home important points; the phrase "I have a dream" is repeated nine times in the speech. Though King had a script in front of him, as the speech progressed and the crowd responded, he began to improvise his message. The "I have a dream" section of the speech is the most well-known portion of the address, and it was entirely extemporaneous. The power of this section is a testament to King's oratory skills and the conviction with which he spoke. Just as his namesake Martin Luther sparked the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century, King and his "I Have a Dream" speech emboldened his followers and changed history.In the speech, King demands the same justice and equality for black Americans that is promised to all citizens in the Declaration of Independence. While he calls on fellow civil rights activists to persevere in the face of brutality, violence, and oppression, he also cautions against the use of violence. King believed in what Henry David Thoreau termed "civil disobedience," in which individuals use nonviolent means to achieve social change, and studied Mahatma Gandhi's peaceful protests for Indian independence in the 1930s and 1940s. "Again and again," he counsels the crowd, "we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force."

Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandtoday,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.ThismomentousdecreecameasagreatbeaconlightofhopetomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.Itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightoftheircaptivity.Butonehundredyearslater,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Andsowe'vecomeheretodaytodramatizeashamefulcondition.

演讲技巧 No,nos in public speaking演讲切忌Talking too rapidly;语速太快;Speaking in a monotone;声音单调；Using too high a vocal pitch;声音尖细；Talking and not saying much;“谈”得太多，说得太少；Presenting without enough emotion or passion;感情不充分；Talking down to the audience;对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;Using too many "big" words;夸张的词语使用得太多；Using abstractions without giving concrete examples;使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明；Using unfamiliar technical jargon;使用别人不熟悉的技术术语；Using slang or profanity;使用俚语或粗俗语；Disorganized and rambling performance;演讲无组织，散乱无序；Indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush；说话绕弯子，不切中主题；--------------------------------------------------------------------------------How to communicate with the audience怎样与听众交流A message worth communicating;要有值得交流的观点；Gain the listeners' atention: capture their interest and build their trust;引起听众的注意：抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任；Emphasize understanding;重视理解；Obtain their feedback;获得反馈；Watch your emotional tone;注意声调要有感情；Persuade the audience;说服听众；--------------------------------------------------------------------------------How to gain confidence怎样变得自信Smile and glance at the audience;微笑并看着观众；Start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up;开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态；Open your speech by saying something very frankly;开场白说一些真诚话；Wear your very best clothes;穿上自己最好的衣服；Say something positive to yourself;对自己说一些积极的话；--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Four objectives of the speech演讲的四个目标To offer information;提供信息；To entertain the audience;使听众感到乐趣；To touch emotions;动之以情；To move to action;使听众行动起来；--------------------------------------------------------------------------------How to organize the speech怎样组织演讲To have a structure: such as first, second, third; geographically, north, south, east, west; compare and contrasts; our side versus their side; negative and positive;要有一个结构：可以分一二三点；可以从地理上分东南西北；比较与对比；我方与他方；正面与反面；To label the materials such as jokes, funny anecdotes, favorite sayings, interesting statistics;将材料归类整理，如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据；To use notecards;使用卡片；--------------------------------------------------------------------------------How to use cards怎样使用卡片Number your cards on the top right;在卡片的右上角标上数字；Write a complete sentence on both your first and last card;在第一张和最后一张上写上完整的句子；Write up to five key words on other cards;其他卡片上最多只能写五个关键词；Use color to mark the words you want to emphasize;用颜色来标记你想强调的词；Remind yourself at a particular sport to check the time.在某一处提醒自己查看时间。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------How to cope with brownout如何对付忘词Just smile and go to the next card. Not the one in front of you, but to the next following. Look at the first word on it. This will be the point from which you will now continue. Of course you missed part of your speech. But nobody will notice it. They will blame themselves for not following your thoughts.只需要微微一笑，继续下一张卡片上的内容，不是摆在你目前的那张卡片，而是下一张。看一下卡片上的第一个单词，这就是你要继续的要点。当然你会遗漏一部分内容，但是没有人会注意到这一点。听众只会责怪自己没有跟上你的思路。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------How to begin如何开头To tell a story (about yourself);讲个（自己的）故事；To acknowledge the occasion of the gathering；对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢；To pay the listeners a compliment；称赞一下听众；To quote ；引用名人名言；To use unusual statistics；使用一些不平常的数据；To ask the audience a challenging question；问观众一个挑战性的问题；To show a video or a slide.播放录像带或看幻灯片。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------How to close如何结尾To repeat your opening;重复你的开头；To summarize your presentation;概括你的演讲；To close with an anecdote;以趣事结尾；To end with a call to action;以号召行动结尾；To ask a rhetorical question;以反问结尾；To make a statement;以一个陈述句结尾；To show an outline of your presentation.展示演讲大纲。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Eye contact眼神交流Move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener;眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人，在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间；Look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins;眼睛直视听众，或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴Look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also;找到那些看起来比较友善的听众，逐次朝他们微笑；然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众，也逐渐朝他们微笑；Imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.如果你感到紧张，不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------How to use the microphone如何使用话筒You must speak up and project your voice even if you are using a microphone;即使是用话筒，也要声音响亮并运气发声；Your voice should be resonant and sustained when you speak;声音要有回声并能稍持续一阵儿；Pitch your voice slightly lower than normal. Listeners tend to associate credibility and authority with a relatively deep voice;音调要定得比正常讲话时低一些，听众往往把可信度与权威性与一个相对低沉的声音联系在一起；Try to end declarative sentences on a low tone without, however, trailing off in volume;尽量用降调结束陈述句，但不要减弱音量；Slow down.放慢语速。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Keynote speech基调发言A Keynote speech is to outline the subjects to be addressed by other speakers at an event,and to establish the tone of a meeting or program.基调发言也称主题演讲，目的就是限定一个集会上其他演讲者演讲的主题，奠定一个会议或活动的基调。基调发言也直接关系到确立大会的感情基调。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------What to say演讲指南Plan well in advance;预先计划好；Make sure you fully understand your role in the program;保证自己充分了解在活动中的角色；Devote care to structuring your speech logically;认真地构思演讲，使其结构符合逻辑；Devote care to setting the proper tone.认真设定适当的基调。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------How to use equipment如何使用设备Check light bulbs,electrical power,cable connections,outlets and contacts,switches and any moving parts;检查电灯、电源、线路的连接、插座和触电、开关以及一些移动部件Confirm twice that all your equipment will be available on the time of the day that you need it ;保证设备能在你使用那天正常工作，至少要确认两次；Arrange to have back-up equipment close by and be prepared to present without visuals;准备一些后备设备以防万一，并做好没有图像资料仍能演讲的准备；Remember to carry your equipment and ensure it will not be lost.记得带上所需要用的设备，不要弄丢了。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Typical signals of nervousness紧张的典型特征Hands in pockets 手放在口袋里Increased blinking of the eyes 眨眼次数过多；Failure to make eye contact害怕眼神的接触；Licking and biting of the lips 舔嘴唇和史嘴唇；Finger tapping 敲叩手指；Fast,jerky gestures 手势又急又快；Cracking voices 粗哑的声音Increased rate of speech 讲话速度加快；Clearing of the throat 清嗓子；Buttocks clamped tightly together 臀部崩得紧紧的；The way to over come nervousness is breathe in deep and breathe out slowly for some times.克服紧张的办法是调匀呼吸，深吸气，慢呼出。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------HOW to dress如何穿着得体Dark colored suits or dresses；穿深色西装；Red ties or scarves;空朴素的白衬衫或上衣；Black shoes,freshly polished;戴红色的领带或丝巾；Very little jewelry -worn discreetly;穿刚刚擦亮的黑色鞋子；Calm,slow gestures and slow movements;尽量不戴首饰，要戴的话要非常小心；Shoulders back,chin up.挺胸抬头。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------HOW to use gestures如何使有手势Make sure all your gestures are smooth and natural;所有的动作都应该流畅自然；Don't put your hands in your pockets;不要把手插在口袋里；Let your hands and arms drop naturally to your side ,gently fold both indes fingers together,without wringing or gripping your hands in any way;将手和手臂自然地在身体两侧下垂，轻微屈起食指，不要扭在一起或紧握拳头；Let your hands do what they want to do as long as they don't go back into your pockets or make obscene gestures.手想要怎样就让它怎样，直到它不再回到你的口袋或在听众面前做一些惹人讨厌的手势。Point at imaginary objects and don't point at others with your index finger;手可以指点着假想的物体，不要用食指指着别人；Size or quantity can also easily be shown by expanding or contracting the hands;心寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示；Gracefully show your audience the appropriate number of fingers by holding your hands at a 45 degree angle from your head;手抬起并与头成四十五度角，优雅地用手势表示出数字；TO emphasize physical size such as length,width,hold your hands out in front you widely apart to move them up and down.如果想要强调长度尺寸的大小，将两手伸向前方，尽量分开，并上下移动。

1、充分的准备。林肯曾说：“我相信，我若是无话可说时，就是经验再多、年龄再老，也不能免于难为情的。”这话说得很深刻。要进行成功的演讲，就必须有成功的准备，否则，没有准备好就出现在听众面前，与未穿衣服是一样的。对付怯场心理最有力的武器是诚心诚意地告诉自己你对本次演讲准备得十分充分。只有有备而来的演说者才能获得自信和成功。同时，对演讲者来说，平时不但要做好演讲前的准备，还要注意加强自己的心理训练和调适，养成良好的思考习惯。2、端正演讲动机，减轻心理负担。不要把目标定得过高，对于不切实际的期望要有客观的分析。如果把演讲的意义片面夸大，甚至把演讲与个人终生的成就、事业和幸福等紧紧联系在一起，演讲还未来临，就已经是惶惶不可终日了。带着强烈的求胜动机和沉重的心理负担去准备，结果情绪焦虑程度越积越强烈，到了发挥时却事违人愿。因此，演讲者要学会适度降低求胜动机，减轻心理负担，真正做到轻装上阵。3、保持积极的情绪体验。有些演讲者面对即将到来的演讲，感觉就像如临大敌，心惊胆颤，有着诸多这样那样的担心，比如，在演讲过程中总是设想自己会犯语法错误，或总担心自己讲着讲着会突然地停顿下来，讲不下去了，这就是一种反面的假想，它很可能会抹煞我们对演讲的信心。面对这种情况发生，可以使用积极自我暗示的方法。暗示对人的心理影响是极大的，我们都能看到人在不良的心理状态下发挥是不正常的。多学会给自己一种积极 放松的暗示，用一些“我一定可以做得很好”、“我一定可以超常发挥”等肯定自己的短句。时间长了，就会发现这种良好的积极的心态就会成为自己的一种思维习惯。3、避免机械背诵演讲稿。逐字逐句地背诵讲稿，很容易在面对听众时遗忘，即使没忘，讲起来也会显得十分机械化。美国总统林肯曾说过：“我不喜欢听刀削式的、枯躁无味的讲演”。背演讲稿对演讲者可能是一种必要的准备方式，但是，背诵依赖的是机械记忆，逐字逐句的记忆不仅耗费演讲者大量的时间，而且容易形成演讲者心理麻痹。实际的演讲过程中,一旦因怯场、听众骚动、设备故障等突然出事而容易出现“短路”现象。因而，在准备演讲中我们只要准备好大概的提纲，根据自己的语言、思路发挥更能打动观众。4、演讲前要把注意力从自己身上移开。比如，可以积极听取主办人和听众的意见，或是集中精力听别的讲演者说些什么，以便把注意力放在他们身上，并避免不必要的登台恐惧感。5、以平常心态面对挑战。1988年汉城奥运会上，称雄排坛数年的中国女排，在与前苏联队一场比赛中，不仅以0:3败北，而且第一局竟创纪录地吃了零分，其中最主要原因不在于技术基础，而在于心理的崩溃。演讲中的怯场同样也是一种心理崩溃的反映。事实上，当怯场现象发生时，只要有所准备，掌握必要的技巧，也可以顺利度过这一危机期。当意识到自己出现怯场现象时，不要惊恐慌乱，抱着平常的心态，不要好强求胜，也不要过分地强调自己的怯场紧张心理。6、练习放松。演讲前，如果你仍感到紧张，可以借助深呼吸或肌力均衡运动来放松自己。 作深呼吸的目的是供给你充分的氧气，帮助你在演讲中更好地控制自己的声音。这里所讲的“呼吸”当然指的是腹呼吸而不是肺呼吸。肌力均衡运动是指有意识地让身体某一部分肌肉有规律地紧张和放松。比如你可以先握紧拳头，然后松开；你也可以固定脚掌，作压腿，然后放松。作肌力均衡运动的目的在于让你某部分肌肉紧张一段时间，然后你便不仅能更好地放松那部分肌肉，而且能更好地放松整个身心。 7、带点幽默感。幽默是演讲中的食盐。优秀的演讲人和有吸引力的演讲内容只有加上恰到好处的幽默才能创造出成功的演讲。当你遇到怯场心理的袭击时，不妨加点幽默，在听众轻松的笑声中解脱自己。