angeldevil82
traditional logic.此为最平白的翻译,一般用于造句和写作都可以的,什么语境估计都没问题,就是字面上翻译过来的。可以结合一下的它所用例句,体会一下它的语境和用法。 例句:Owing to the utilization of the formalized method, logical calculus is more abstract and strict than the traditional logic in the study of the valid inferential form.逻辑演算对推理形式有效性的研究,比传统逻辑更抽象、更严格,其原因是形式化方法的运用。conventional logic 这个也可以理解为传统逻辑,但更侧重于约定俗成的逻辑,因为conventional表示习俗,习惯,过去一般所存在的惯用的传统习俗。 例句:The conventional logic is "I think there I am", so "I" am the body and the psychological activities within that body's brain. 传统逻辑是“我思故我在”,所以“我”是个身体而且用这个身体的大脑进行心理活动。Term logic 这个是逻辑学的专业术语了,受用面积和语境使用的范围非常小。意思就是要慎用,用得不好就很有问题。 例句:Proposition is an important term of Logic命题是传统逻辑很重要的概念之一。 Aristotelean logic 这个大概是最小众的“传统逻辑”翻译了。它有点类似classical music那样,是特定的一个词,就是亚里士多德逻辑,又称传统逻辑。
驾驶马桶去飞行
英语文章中常见的逻辑关系 1.并列关系 and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as; 2.递进关系 also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed; 3.因果关系 because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason; 4.转折关系 but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately; 5.让步关系 although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of; anyway, anyhow 6.列举(顺序)关系 first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others; 7.对比关系 while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but; 8.时间关系 when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time; 9.条件关系 if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with; 10.举例关系 such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely
不计较的心
1. 因果关系因:because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with果:so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。隐性因果:A 导致(因-果):cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce如:The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees。在这段话中,有lead to表示了导致的意思,即结果,而so that更进一步表示了后面的结果,所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。B 由…而来(果-因):result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to如:“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected,as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce。”在这段话中,根据result from可以推断出有因果关系,那如果是解释句子题时,选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。C 反映,体现(果-因):reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、implyD 考虑到:given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according toHe succeeded thanks to(in view of) his effort。E 依赖于:rely on、depend on、resort toHe resorted to books when he had problems。F 条件关系:when、once、as soon as、As long asAs soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once。G 分词短语,不定式做状语:Failing in the final exam, she cried。2. 对比转折关系A 对比:while、whereas、on the other hand在解释句子题、插入句子题中,一旦出现对比关系,学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While、whereas 前后连接的是平行结构,on the other hand前必定有on one hand,可以用来把握句间关系。B 转折:but、although、nevertheless、however转折是英语四级阅读的一个经典考点之一,掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。3. 比较关系A 同级比较 the same toB 比较级:more than、-er thanC 变化:change、alter、vary、modify、revise、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreat、degenerate、continue、remainD 差异:different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare toE 超越:surpass、exceed、excel、overF 最高级,本身有最高级含义:maximum、minimum、peak、outstandingG 本身程度比较深:amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitivelyH 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him。从这句话中可以看出,否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。4. 否定关系显性否定:no、not、never、nor、none neither隐形否定:fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、aence of、lack of否定前缀:a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点,把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词,依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。双重否定:not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式,由于在平时中文对话中用的很少,随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。
宝哥哥艺涵
逻辑指的是思维的规律和规则,是对思维过程的抽象。有时候谈及逻辑,尤其是用英语交谈,往往感觉没有词语可用,下面,我们来看看,谈论逻辑常用的英语单词有哪些。 1).logic Everyone has a set of logic in dealing with things. 1).n.逻辑学,逻辑性 每个人都有一套处理问题的逻辑。 2).infer We can infer from the letter that the writer needed money badly 2).v.推断,推理 我们可以从信中推断出写信人急需钱。 3).reason The private detective reasoned that the killer would appear because it was a good chance to take action as he planned 3).v.推理,推断 私人的侦探推理杀手将会出现,因为这是一个按照他的计划采取行动的好机会。 4).deduce From what he said we may deduce that he was lying 4).v.推理 从他所说的话,我们可以推断出他在撒谎。 5),speculate lf you really want to speculate about her motives, you had better follow her track 5),v.推测,推断 如果你真想推测出她的动机所在,你最好跟踪她。 6).ratiocinate To make things worse, our teacher asks us to ratiocinate with the method of syllogism 6).v.推理,推断 更糟糕的是,我们老师要求我们用三段论法推论。 7).contradict What you said just now contradicts the actual result that we all have seen 7). v.反驳,与……相矛盾 你刚才所说的与我们大家所看到的实际结果有矛盾。 8).include I wonder if the house price includes furniture and water fees 8).v.包括,包含 我想知道房价是否包括家具和水费。 9).exclude We must go to work every day, Sundays excluded 9).v.不包括 除星期天外,我们每天都要去上班。 10).illogical Anyway we can’t accept his illogical inference, and we should do a further study of this issue 10).adj.不合逻辑的 不管怎样我们不能接受他不合逻辑的推理,我们应该对这件事做更深入的调查研究。 11).true You might as well tell me your true feelings 11).adj.真正的 你不妨告诉我你的真实感受。 12).false 1 want to tell you that what Bob told you yesterday was false 12).adj.不真实的 我想告诉你鲍勃昨天所说的都是假的。 13).absurd It is an absurd idea for you to go to swim in such a cold day 13).adj.荒谬的,不合理的 在这样冷的天你要出去游泳,真是荒谬不堪啊。 14).inconsistent The title of your composition is inconsistent with the content of It 14).adj.不一致,相矛盾 你所写作文的.题目与作文里的内容不太一致。 15).hypothesis Scientists have proposed a series of hypotheses to explain the origin of man 15).n.假设,假说 科学家提出了一系列的假设,试图说明人类的起源问题。 16).presume Even though we presume that he is dead, we still can't solve this problem 16).v.假设 即使我们假设他已经死了,我们仍然解决不了这个问题。 17).assume I assume you finish your homework before nine o'clock 17).v.假定,假设 我假设你9点之前写完作业。