英语时态构成表

英语时态表英语时态表时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句一般现在时1 由be的is am are表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。every…,sometimes,always,never,often, usually等。一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态，或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态陈述句：I am an office worker.He is so lazy.They are at home now.否定句： I am not Tim.She is not very beauiful.They are not in the office.一般疑问句：Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?2 由实意动词V构成，引导疑问句和否定句，用do或don’t。第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.陈述句：I work in Shanghai.He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC.Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either.一般疑问句:Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?一般过去时。1由 be的过去式是 was或 were表示。Is\ am---was;are---were.yesterday,last week,an hour ago，the day before yesterday,in 1997。在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful.We were in Beijing last year.否定句: I was not at home at that moment.We were not at work yesterday.一般疑问句: Were you a teacher?Was she in the office last week?2由V的过去式构成陈述句，疑问句和否定句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.否定句: I didn’t work here.They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot.一般疑问句: Did you go to America?Did he work in Sunmoon? 时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句一般将来时1 任何人称+will+动词原形. tomorrow,next year,the month after next,in two hours.即将发生动作或状态。陈述句：I will fly to KongKong tomorrow.He will go with us.We will arrive in Shanghai next week.否定句:I will never believe you again.He will not come tonight.We will not buy a car next year.一般疑问句:Will you go there by train?Will he come tomorrow?Will they live a five-star hotel?2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表示计划打算做什么事情。陈述句：I’m going to go to Kongkong by air.否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs?特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him?过去将来时was/were going to +V原形 在过去将会发生的动作。陈述句：I was going to buy a computer.They told me that they were not going to go abroad.否定句:I was not going to buy a computer.任何人称+would +V原形He said he would come in in Shanghai.I said I would buy you a car one day.时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句现在进行时is/am/are+Vingnow,at the（this）momentLook!(放在句首)Listen! (放在句首)表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。陈述句：I’m waiting for my boy friend.He is doing the housework at home now.We are enjoying ourselves.否定句:He is not playing toys.一般疑问句:Are you having dinner at home?Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?特殊疑问句:What are you doing now?Where are they having a meal?过去进行时was/were+Vingat that timeat 10 o’clock last nightat that moment等过去具体的时间过去一段时间正在发生的动作。陈述句：I was doing my homework at that time.We were having a party while he was sleeping.否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night.一般疑问句: Were you watching TV at that time?特殊疑问句: What were you doing at that moment? 时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句现在完成时have/has +done（过去分词）already；just(not just now)yet；ever；never；for two weeks；for a year；for several days；since 2004since last week用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说，就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。陈述句：I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.He has lived here for nearly 10 years.否定句:I haven’t finished my homework..Tim hasn’t come yet.We haven’t heard any news about him一般疑问句: Has he worked here since he came here?特殊疑问句: How long have you worked in this company?特别注意：1. have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。。。He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.They have always been in America.2. have/has gone to:去了。。。He has gone to Beijing.They have gone to the cinema.3. have/has been to:表示去过或到过。。。I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?Where have you been? I have never been here.过去完成时had + done（过去分词）by the end of last yearby last year动作发生在过去的过去。陈述句：He said he had told Davy.They told us they had finished the work.He left the office after he had called Davy.否定句:She hadn’t had dinner before she went out.一般疑问句:Had she learnt English before she moved here?特殊疑问句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year? 补充：一、情态动词can, must, may。may没有否定形式。陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否定句：I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t（表示禁止） smoke in the office.一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑问句： How can I get there? What must I do now?由情态动词的过去式构成，can—could.She could walk when she was one year old.I could not speak English one year ago.二、各种时态用法补充：1、一般现在时(1)在由after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment以及if, unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例：I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.我一看见他，就把消息告诉他。(2)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例：Tomorrow at this time we’ll give $500 to any one who brings him to justice.2、一般将来时(1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或即将发生的事情。例：I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.(2)be to +v表示计划安排将要做的事。例：There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.(3)be about to+v表示即将发生的事情。例：We are about to start.(4)be due to+v表示预先确定了的、必定要发生的事。例：His book is due to be published in October.他的书预定10月份出版。(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth.强调即将发生的某种事态。例：The country is on the verge of civil war.这个国家就要打内战了。3、现在进行时(1)表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always, continually, constantly等连用(多表示赞扬或厌恶等语气)。例：John is always coming late. 约翰总是迟到。(2)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词，即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有;go, come, leave, start, arrive,return等。例：They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.他们下个月去香港。(3)有些动词一般不能使用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉”、“感情”、“存在”、“从属”等的动词。如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感觉的动词)；hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的动词)；be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在状态的动词)；have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form(表示占有与从属的动词)；understand, know, belive, think, doubt, forget, remember(表示思考、理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，有时也可使用进行时态。例：Jane looks pale.What’s wrong with him?珍妮看上去脸色苍白，她怎么了？(look在此为联系动词)例：Jane is looking for his books.珍妮正在寻找她的书。(look在此为实义动词)4．完成进行时完成进行时是完成时的强调形式。5．完成时态(1)现在完成时与与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去发生的动作与现在的关系，如所发生的结果、影响等；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去表示某一时刻，不表示与现在的关系。(2)完成时态可用在下列结构中：This(That,it)is(was )the first(second….)time+定语从句：This(That,It)is(was) the only (last)+名词+定语从句；This (This,It)is (was)+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句的谓语动词动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例1：This is the first time(that )I’ve drunk Californian champagne.这是我第一次喝加利福尼亚香槟酒。例2：There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.有人敲门，这是当天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。6.动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望，预期，意图或愿望等没有实现。例1：I had meant to leave to on Monday, but have stayed on.我本来打算星期一离开，但最终还是继续留下来了。另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：7.was / were+ to have done sth.例1：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.我们本想昨天来的，但我们来不了。8.intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)+ to have done sth.例：1I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.我本想告诉你这件事，但我忘掉了。9.过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：(1)hardly / scarcely / barely+过去完成时(倒装形式)+when +过去时例1：Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.我一到达就有新问题要处理。(2) no sooner+过去完成时(倒装形式)+than +过去时。例1：No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.这话刚说出口，他就意识到他本该保持沉默的。(3)by(the end of )+过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例1：By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.到那年年底，亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票