duanxuehan
一、英语分词在句子中作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的`名词(即与名词有主谓关系),分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一。例如: 1.a running boy 2.the girl standing there 并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。 1.a boy who is running 2.a girl who is standing there 二、在现在分词作定语时,需要注意以下几点 1、分词的完成时不可作定语 2、在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语,不用过去分词,这是考试的易错点。 3、某些现在分词作定语时,已不再表示动作,已经从分词变为了形容词词性,如interesting story, an exciting match。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语,但是不能转化为相应的定语从句,但是可以有三级变化(原级 比较级 最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰。 三、作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成。过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。 1、过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 2、过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中。 The concert given by their friends was a success. 他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 3、过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。 The meeting,attended by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。 4、用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 The boy looked up with a pleased satisfied expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 四、1.We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. 2.This is really an exhausting day to all of us! 3.We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. 4.After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. 5.More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
英子888888
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词、分词、动词不定式。Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(climbing...动名词起名词作用)爬山是一项好运动。Do you know the man wearing a white shirt ?(wearing ...分词起形容词作用)你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch ....不定式起副词作用)他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。分词:分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种,现在分词的形式同动名词一样,在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加ed。分词在句中可起形容词或副词的作用,作定语、状语或表语。分词作定语:China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。That's an interesting story. 这是一个有趣的故事。The girl singing for us is ten years old. 给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前,如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后,如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等,分词放在被修饰名词的后面。The working people have played a great role in the activity.工人在这次活动中起主要作用。The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。There is nothing interesting. 没什么有趣的事。分词和动名词都可以作定语,判断是分词还是动名词,可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断,有主谓关系的是分词,否则判断为动名词。a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分词)a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (动名词)分词作状语:Being a student, he likes to help others. 作为一个学生,他喜欢帮助别人。Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily. 戴了一副新眼镜,她看书就好多了。She is there waiting for us. 她在那儿等我们呢。Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong. 经老师一说,她知道自己不对。分词作表语:The story is interesting . 故事有趣。We are interested in computer. 我们对计算机感兴趣。The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。The water is boiled. 水是开的。分词作宾语补足语:可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。I heard them singing in the classroom. 我听见他们在教室里唱歌。We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的,而是由别人做的。I have my hair cut. 我理发了。(是别人给我理发)She has her bike repaired. 她把自行车修理了。(别人修理的)They have their house rebuilt. 他们重修了房子。分词的否定形式:not + 分词Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么,她停下来等着。Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。延伸:分词的时态分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老师进来,学生们停下来不玩了。Coming into the room, he lied on his bed. 回到家后,他就躺在床上。分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。Having received a letter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后,我知道一切都很好。Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚饭后,我出去散步了。Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜,高兴地把帽子扔上了天。分词的被动形式:分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。