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高中英语定语从句培训课件

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为爱浪漫1

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定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。以下是专门为你收集整理的高中英语定语从句教案，供参考阅读！ 　　高中英语定语从句教案 　　 Ⅰ. 定义 　　定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的.词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；关系副词：when, where, why。 　　eg. She is the girl who sings best of all. 　　The pen which my uncle gave me is missing. 　　He lives in a house whose windows face south. 　　The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. 　　Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities. 　　 Ⅱ. 关系代词 　　1.先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that 　　eg. He is a man（ ） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow. 　　The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin. 　　2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that, 　　eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet. 　　The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith. 　　3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that 　　eg . The train （ ） has just left is for Guangzhou. 　　Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures. 　　4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略 　　eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting. 　　The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing. 　　5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose 　　eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson. 　　China, （ ） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast. 　　 Ⅲ. 关系副词 　　1.先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when 　　eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad. 　　I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army. 　　2.先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where 　　eg. This is the village （ ） Uncle Wang once lived. 　　They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other. 　　He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane. 　　3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why 　　eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late. 　　None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting. 　　4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词 + which”来代替。 　　eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when （ = ） the People’s Republic of China was founded. 　　This is the factory where（= ） we worked a year ago. 　　I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school. 　　 Ⅳ. 关系代词that & which的区别: 　　⒈ 只用that的情况 　　① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。 　　eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it. 　　② 先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。 　　eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for. 　　③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 　　eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 　　This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen. 　　④ 先行词既有人又有物时。 　　eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school. 　　⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。 　　eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows. 　　⑥ 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。 　　eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom? 　　⒉ 不能用 that的情况： 　　① 引导非限制性定语从句； 　　eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry. 　　② 介词 + 关系代词。 　　eg. This is the room in（ ） my father lived last year. 　　 Ⅴ. as引导定语从句时的用法(as 相当于that & which) 　　① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。 　　eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you. 　　Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China. 　　② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。 　　eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 　　Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China. 　　 Ⅵ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别: 　　限制性定语从句: 一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。 　　非限制性定语从句: 通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。 　　eg. I was the only person in our office （ ） was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 　　Tom’s father, （ ） is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（整个句子可分成两句来翻译） 　　 Ⅶ. 分隔定语从句 　　即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。 　　此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。 　　eg. There is an expression in his eyes （ ）I can’t understand. 　　I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball. 　　I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly. 　　选择填空： 　　1. It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. 　　A. that B. when C. since D. before 　　2.)Gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer. 　　A. it B. which C. where D. that 　　3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream. 　　A. when B. where C. that D. which 　　4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other. 　　A. they B. where C. what D. that 　　5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks. 　　A. when B. which C. where D. while 　　6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently. 　　A. which B. what C. them D. those 　　7. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 　　A. when B. that C. where D. there 　　8. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other. 　　A. which B. where C. what D. who 　　9 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 　　A. this B. that C. what D. which 　　10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years. 　　A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 　　11. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 　　A. which B. whose C. when D. where 　　12.He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it. 　　A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that 　　13.The moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody. 　　A. it B. as C. that D. what 　　14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop. 　　A. That B. Which C. As D. It 　　15.After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do. 　　A. that B. what C. which D. where 　　16.The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes. 　　A. when B. during which C. since thenD. since when 　　17.Books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived. 　　A. which B. who C.不填 D. that 　　18.The world is made up of matter. 　　A. in that we live B. on which we live 　　C. where we live in D. we live in 　　19.David is such a good boy all the teachers like. 　　A. that B. who C. as D. whom 　　20.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 　　A. he explained B. what he explained 　　C. how he explained D. why he explained 　　21.He was very angry and I can still remember the way he spoke to me. 　　A. how B. that C. what D. which 　　22.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen. 　　A. that B. which C. whose D. what 　　23.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- I met in the English speech contest last year. 　　A. who B. where C. when D. which

高中英语定语从句培训课件
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减肥大胃王

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 一、 限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间 〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导 二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物 三、定语从句结构错误 1. 缺关系词 2. 从句中缺成分 摘自《简明英语语法》 在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别： 限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如： Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。 They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy . （此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。） 更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center . （此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。 The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。 The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句： The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
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