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1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则：从近几年的完形填空题看，近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强，并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近，要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象，或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大，必然文章中藏有提示语，正因如此，往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。2. 词语语义与强于语法原则：完型填空题的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地点、时间、人物和事由。再则，单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴，所以，指导学生时，首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则，然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义，再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。3. 解题四步法原则：第一步：跳读。带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。第二步：选答。这一步最为关键，要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲，但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题，对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去，遵循先易后难的解题原则。第三步：推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑，把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。第四步：复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步，要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍，从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。应试技巧一：语境信息解题法： 近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题，选项重在语意干扰，也就是说，对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。4) Our __47__ challenge was to keep the rock mixture __48__ enough.47. A. next B. first C. past D. previous48. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean【题解：47. 答案为A项。短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题，那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。48. 答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情，我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】5) … Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work.I __40__ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was __43__....40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened41. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service…43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing【40. D项。从前面一句话和本句中one of people可知，作者当天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一;41. D项。从上下文可知，由于风暴大部分地铁线路停运，所以唯有service符合题意;43. A项。从上下文的语境中我们可知道作者最后找到有一条地铁线还在营业，operating本身含有“营业的”意思，相当于be on service。】6) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced __36__ for a few days, I was __37__ to wait tables on my own. All went __38__ that first week36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised38. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong【36. D项。根据下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判断，作者是和有经验的女侍者一起工作了几天;37. C项。从上下文可知，几天后作者被允许单独做餐饮招待服务了;38. A项。有下文可以判断出，她的第一周工作非常顺手，没出意外。】应试技巧二：语法结构法: 高考完形填空题基本都是在语境中考查考生对语法知识的掌握程度，单纯考查这类题很少。而在完形填空题中考察语法项目的主要是动词的各种时态、语态和语气、谓语和非谓语形式等。所以这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识，能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词，当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。不过，切记解答这类题，必须是任何空格的语法正确的前提下，再考虑其他方面因素。7) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer __49__ I received an email from Garth, my Director.A. while B. when C. where D. after【49. B项，这儿when的意思是just at the moment， 与前面的when意思不一样，A项的while无此意，D项的after不符合行为交互逻辑，C项完全是错误的。】8) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. __53__ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didn’t __54__ that my passion couldn’t be realized.53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say【53. B项，由第二段的内容以及本句的句意“尽管医生认为我已经全聋了，但是这并不意味着我的热情会消失。”，故此处应为让步状语从句;54. A项，由句意可知。】应试技巧三：复现解题法：这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。9)In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are __22__ and cause much human suffering.21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary【21. C项，同义原词的复现;22. B项，异形近义词的复现】
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为你解答。1、The boy is (dressed) in a blue coat.2、We should (go) to the zoo to watch the animals.3、How are you (feeling), Lucy?4、Have you ever (had) a toothache?5、We should brush our (teeth) every day.6、The teacher comes from (Germany).7、How many (wolves) are there in the zoo?8、It is difficult (to learn) English.9、Salads are (made) with lots of fresh vegetables.10、The boy comes from an (Asian) country.
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解题方法 “完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型.它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点,既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力. “完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有： 1. 语法结构所要求的功能词,如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等. 2. 具有语法变化的普通词,如动词的时态、语态、语气,名词的数,代词的格,形容词和副词的级等. 3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词. 4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词. 5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词. 可见,完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型.它的突出特点是起点高、容量大.同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力,才能适应这一题型. 完形填空题的考查目的： 1. 考查同学们阅读理解能力. 2. 考查同学们语法知识. 3. 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力. 一、完形填空题的命题特点 完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识 综合运用能力的一种测试形式.命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10个空白,要求考生从所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整. 完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型.可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空,也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解.完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查,又有对文章内容的通篇理解.完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容： 1、词汇： 此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别,词语的固定搭配和习惯用法.近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词. 2、语法： 此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用.其中包括名词的单复数,形容词、副词的比较等级,动词的时态和语态,介词、数词、代词和连词的用法,主谓一致,各种从句的用法等. 3、结构： 此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间,上文与下文之间的逻辑关系. 从设空的类型看可分为三个层次： 1、句子层次 2、句组层次 3、全篇层次 设空的难度,从句子层次到句组层次,再到全篇层次,依次增加. 分析近几年陕西省的完形填空题,我们可以看出陕西省完形填空题的设空主要以句子层次为主,以句组层次为辅,几乎没有全篇层次题目.因此总体难度较低. 二、完形填空的解题技巧 前面我们已经分析过,完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空.因此做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤： 1、通读全文,了解大意 做这类题目是,首先应该把文章通读一遍,了解一下文章的大概内容.千万不要读一句填一句,因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立,但从全文看又不可取.例如：2002年北京海淀区中考试题中的完形填空题： A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurter, a German food. You may hear “hot dog” 1 in other ways. People sometimes say “hot dog” to express 2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say “Great! I would love to go.” Or, you could say, “4 ! I would love to go.” People 5 use the expression to describe (描写)someone who is a “show- off”, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand, making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 . 1. A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked 2. A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply 3. A. if B. how C. when D. where 4. A. Hot dog B. Don’t worry C. Never mind D. Excuse me 5. A. ever B. also C. still D. yet 6. A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great 7. A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action 8. A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws 9. A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy 10. A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches 如果不看后面的文章内容,短文的第一个题所给第四个选项都可以填入空白处,不论是从语法的角度,还是从这个句子的意思完整的角度,都是能够站得住脚的.但如果继续看完这一段短文之后,你就会领悟到,“hot dog”在这里不是“被吃”,“被做”,“被拿”,而是“被使用”,只能选used. 有些同学一拿到“完形填空”题,就着手去填,填到最后,才发现所选答案语全文的意思不符,不得不在从头开始.费时又费力,还不易做准确,这种方法是不可取的. 2、瞻前顾后,逐步填空 了解文章大意之后,就可逐步填空. 一般来说,文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类：一类是语法正确,而意思不对；另一类是意思正确,而语法错误；第三类是语法正确,意思也正确.在选择答案时,一定要考虑到上下文的意思,还要考虑到句子的结构,习惯用法,固定搭配和词类的功能,尽量使选出的答案及复合语法又符合原文的意思. 3、认真复查,适当调整 填空全部做完以后,应把短文从头到尾再读一遍,检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯,情节是否合理,语法结构是否正确.一般来说,如果意思连贯,情节合理,语法结构正确,就意味着选答没有问题；如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通,语法结构有问题,就说明选答不正确.对这样的填空应该认真推敲,进行调整. 【中考范例】 （2004年陕西省中考试题） Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle(海龟). They began to beat the turtle. Just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran 31 quickly. The turtle was very thankful and said, “Thanks for your kindness. I really would like 32 you to a wonderful palace now.”? The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace in the sea. When he 33 the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To thank him, the king of the turtles gave him 34 . He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very 35 everything. After dinner, the king of the turtles said, “I am going to give you two boxes, 36 you can open only one.” “You mustn’t open both. Don’t forget it!” the turtle warned him. “All right. I will open only one,” the young man promised(许诺). At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea. After he 37 , he opened the bigger one of the two boxes.38 the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “I’m 39 now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box must be expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old man. His hair turned white. His face ?40 ?an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.? 31. A. through B. away C. into D. out 32. A. wanting B. asking C. to let D. to invite 33. A. left for B. arrived on C. arrived at D. got away 34. A. a very big dinner B. a very poor dinner C. a very bad dinner D. a very small dinner 35. A. pleased with B. strict in C. angry with D. sorry for 36. A. so B. or C. but D. as 37. A. went back to home B. was back home C. went back to the sea D.was back the sea 38. A. To his surprising B. To one’s surprising C. To one’s surprise D. To his surprise 39. A. a poor man B. a rich man C. an old man D. a young man 40. A. liked B. felt like C. looked like D. looked 31. B 根据上下文判断,那些孩子们应该是跑走了.所以应选away. 32. D would like 之后应接不定式,年轻人就了海龟的命,海龟应是“邀请年轻人到宫殿去.” 33. C 到达某个地方应用arrived at. 34. A 按照逻辑,海龟国王要感谢他,必然设盛宴招待他.所以应选a big dinner. 35. A 海龟国王盛情招待他,所以他对一切都满意.pleased with everything表示的就是这个意思. 36. C 海龟国王给了他两个盒子,但只准他打开一个.这里有一个转折关系,所以应选but. 37. B 年轻人在海里见到了海龟国王,得到了两个盒子以后,应该回家,而不是回到海里.而回家应是went back home. 38. D 使他感到惊讶的是,用英语表示就是To his surprise. 39. B 他得到了金子,当然应该是a rich man. 40.C 由于贪心,他的头发变白了,脸“看起来”像八十多岁的老头. 从2004年的完形填空题来看,难度不大,全部题目都属于句子层次.只要看懂了短文的意思,掌握了一些短语的固定搭配,再多做一些精选的练习,做好完形填空题是不难的. 请采纳答案,支持我一下.
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