fj陈老诗
初中英语时态一致专项语法讲解
1)并列谓语的时态一致。
Yesterday I went shopping, bought some books and had dinner at a good restaurant.
The soldier looked at him, exchanged glances with his comrade and took out the gun.
2)主从复合句的时态一致。
a)主句为现在时、将来时、现在完成时,宾语从句谓语动词时态按情况而定。
I wonder what will happen tomorrow.
I wonder what happened to him yesterday.
I wonder what is happening now outside.
b)主句为过去时态,宾语从句一般用过去时态。如果宾语从句说明的'是客观真理,用一般现在时。
He told me he made a big mistake.
He told me he would go to Beijing the next day.
He told he had finished his task.
The teacher told students that the earth moves around the sun.(客观真理)
3)定语从句和比较状语从句时态不受主句影响。
The universityswhereshe is studying was founded in 1950.
You now speak English better than you spoke it last year.
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4)时间和条件状语从句中,常用现在时表示将来。
We will cancel our trip if it rains tomorrow.
I will go to visit the Summer Palace as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
二階堂真红
一楼是引用百度知道的,也很有用~我这也有一份资料,看你用的上不:Ⅰ. 初中英语八种时态归纳复习 一、一般现在时: 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时: 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时: 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构:am/is/are+doing 否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时: 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构:was/were+doing 否定形式:was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时: 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构:have/has + done 否定形式:have/has + not +d one. 一般疑问句:have或has。 六、过去完成时: 概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 基本结构:had + done. 否定形式:had + not + done. 一般疑问句:had放于句首。 七、一般将来时:概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do. 否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时: 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do. 否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。 Ⅱ. 几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看: A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看: Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看: The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换 “be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用will。请看: We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
淘气lulu
English Grammar:动词的时态 英语共有16种时态,根据近几年曝光的四、六级考卷分析, 时态测试重点主要有:完成时态——现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时;进行时态——现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时;一般时态。 一、一般时态 1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等连谩@�纾? 1)The moon moves round the earth.. 2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. (2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如: 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. (3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。例如: 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. 2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow. (4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如: 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如: 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the library. (注意与be used to doing短语的区别) 3.一般将来时 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如: I shall graduate next year. 2)几种替代形式: 1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如: I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如: I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如: He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事, 必定发生的事。例如: The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如: The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 二、进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等连用。例如: Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作, 常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用。例如: My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如: They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的动词);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态。例如: 1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him? (look 在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去”) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look 在此为实义动词,意为“寻找”) 2. 过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如: 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3. 将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如: 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4. 完成进行时 (现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述。 三、完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为: 1. 现在完成时 (1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如: 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since, for, during, over等引导出的短语;副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如: 1)I haven’t been there for five years. 2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978. (3)完成时态可用在下列结构中: This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如: (1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. (2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. 2. 过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如: 1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如: I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是: 1)was / were + to have done sth, 例如: We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t. 2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth, 例如: I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型: 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如: Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如: No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如: The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 3. 将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子;before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子;when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如: 1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock. 3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4. 完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时。 (1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如: I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it. (2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如: It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. (3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如:
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时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式,下面告诉你初中英语时态练习,大家一起来看看吧!初中英语时态练习:初一英语动词时态练习题之一般将来时,用所给词的适当形式填空,完成句子。1. It ___________________ (be) my birthday next Thursday.2. All the young people in the town are glad __________ (hear) that a famous musician _____ (give) a concert this Saturday evening.3. I _____________ (wirte) to you as soon as I get to Guangzhou.4. They ________________ (not have) an English Evening this week. They ____________ (have) it next week.5. She ___________ (do) her homework now, but she ___________ (go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.6. John is always busy. He ____________ (sleep) only six hours every night.7. They ____________ (plant) trees on the hill next week.8. Jane ________________ (not finish) the work if you don't help her.9. They ______________ (help) Granny Li _____________ (clean) her house tomorrow afternoon.做英语时态考题的常犯错误:一、未理解进行时态表将来意义而出错1. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______. (2012山东卷)A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving.分析:根据句意,空格处可用过去将来时或过去完成时,分别表示员工将要离开或已经离开让经理很担心,但句中既没有过去将来时也没有过去完成时,所以许多考生不知道如何选择。其实,英语中有时候可用进行时态表示将来意义——用现在进行时表示一般将来,用过去进行时表示过去将来,故此题答案为D。句意为:经理听说他很信任的两名员工要离开感到很担心2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there’s none left. (2012重庆卷)A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out分析:根据We must act immediately before there’s none left(我们必须在食物耗尽前立刻行动)可知,受到洪水侵袭的地区的食品快要耗尽了,所以空格处应填将来时态,但是四个选项中并没有将来时态。其实,此题也是要用进行时态表示将来意义,故答案只能在B和D之间作选择,同时考虑到run out是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,故只能选B。二、误解句中的时态标志而出错1. — Look! Somebody ______ the sofa.— Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. (2012江西卷)A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned分析:有的考生一看到句中的look,就以为它是现在进行时的典型标志,从而误选了A。其实,如果句子只有前半部分,答案完全可以选A,即Look! Somebody is cleaning the sofa.这个句子是完全正确的。但如果结合对话的后面一句,则只能选C,对话的意思是:看,有人已经擦干净了沙发。哟,不是我,我没有做。2. The manager _______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2012全国卷II)A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told分析:有的考生一看到句中的since 9 am 就以为它是现在完成时的典型标志,从而误选了A。没错,since 9 am 这类时间状语通常与现在完成时连用,但是本句比较特殊,谓语动词tell是一个非延续动词,若用现在完成时has told,它只表示已经告诉了,而不能表示从上午9点开始一直在告诉,故不能选A。要表示从上午9点开始一直在告诉,得用现在完成进行时,即答案为C。警惕做英语时态题的误区:一、滥用时态呼应英语时态在许多情况都是前后呼应的,即上文所用的某种时态与下文所用的某种时态存在一定的关联性。正确地运用时态呼应本来也是一种做时态题的技巧,但是,如果不加理解地滥用它,则会适得其反。如:1. I _________ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (重庆卷)A. lived B. was livingC. have lived D. had lived【解析】许多同学一看到后面的have never regretted为现在完成时,同时选项C也是现在完成时,结果滥用时态呼应,将答案误选C。其实,此题的最佳答案是A。句中but后的句子告诉我们,说话者现在已搬回了上海,所以他住在伦敦应属于过去的事情,故应用一般过去时。2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _________ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (湖北卷)A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide【解析】有的同学一看到句中的was hoping,便想当然地认为答案是A或C。其实,此题的最佳答案是B,用现在完成时表示目前决定已经作出。其实,假若此处填过去时态,它与其后宾语从句中的won’t, can也自相矛盾,故应排除。二、忽略简单时态的特殊用法有的考题从表面上看是考查某种很简单的时态,但命题人有可能是考查这种简单时态的某种特殊用法,同学们做题时一定要引起高度注意。如:Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _________. (福建卷)A. takes off B. is taking offC. has taken off D. took off【解析】此题答案选B,用现在进行时表示将来意义。The plane is taking off. 的意思是飞机马上就要起飞了。应对时态考题的技巧:一、利用句子语境解题根据语境命题是近几年来高考英语单项填空题的一个十分重要的趋势,可以毫不夸张地说,每年的单项填空至少有百分之九十五的考题或多或少与语境有一定的关系。所以,同学们在做题时,除根据各个时态的不同用法和特点来分析外,还要充分根据句子本身所提供的语境来分析,不仅要使所填时态语法正确,而且要使句子意思通顺,合情合理。如:1. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _________ at the garage.A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired【解析】答案选C。上文说不得不乘的士去上班,这就说明车子正在修理,故用进行时态;又由于车与修理为被动关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。2. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _________ to ask how I am going to spend the money. (湖南卷)A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning【解析】答案选D。句子上文说自从我获大奖后,我的电话响过不停,这就说明人们给我打电话这事正在进行,故用现在进行时。3. Scientists think that the continents _________ always where they _________ today.A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were【解析】答案选C。句意是:科学家们认为各大陆并非一直在它们现在所处的位置。既然过去的位置与现在的位置不同,所以谈论过去情况用一般过去时。二、利用关键词解题有的时态考题中往往会隐含有一个或几个对解题起着重要作用的词语,这就是我们所说的关键词。同学们在解题时,若能充分挖掘这些关键词,并进行合理地分析和推理,对于得出试题的正确答案将会有很直接的帮助作用。如:1. It is said that the early European playing-cards _________ for entertainment and education.A. were being designed B. have designedC. have been designed D. were designed【解析】答案选D。解答此题的关键是要抓住early这一形容词。early European playing-cards的意思是早期欧洲人玩的扑克牌,既然是早期,肯定就是过去的事了,所以用一般过去时。2. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _________?A. did they speak B. were they speakingC. are they speaking D. have they been speaking【解析】答案选C。解答此题的关键词是Listen to…(听……),由此可知,空格处要用现在进行时态。
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