美利达达道路
(一) 知识概要初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种： ① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night.② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall 其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. ④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如： People are coming here 这样的词还有 Police， 如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。 两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen ⑤ 所有不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something … 要作为单数如： Someone is waiting for you 在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有： and not only … but also， neither … nor， either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示转折关系的并列连词有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有：or， either … or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam 宾语从句① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam ②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not ③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如： I don't understand what you said (what 作 said 的宾语)。又如： I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。④ who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for? ⑤ whose 如： I want to know whose book this is? ⑥ which 如： Do you know which book is mine? 在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，① how 它的应用最广，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如： How much does it cost? ② when 它只是连接时间状语，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它连接地点状语，如： Where are you from? ④ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school. 在考试中常见到的考点是： 宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态， 如： I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。 ②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如： 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。如： I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun 时间状语从句其连接词有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until (till)， while， since， by 其中较难掌握的有以下几点：① until (till) 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如： He didn't go to bed until his mother came back ② 由 since， for， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如： I have studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 则多用于完成时， ago 则多用于一般过去时，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago ③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如： If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow 原因状语① because， 应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强，如： He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard ② since 应译为"既然"，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk ③ as 应译为"由于"，如： As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college 比较状语从句同级比较 as … as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有两点：① as … as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。② 用形容词还是副词，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为 not as (so) … as， 如： They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如： He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型：① 比较级＋and＋比较级，如： The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful ② 定冠词 the ＋ 比较级＋ the ＋ 比较级，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn 方式状语中要注意的是as (连词)与 like (介词)的区别。 as 作为连词其后接从句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如： Please do it like me 结果和目的状语从句主要有 so … that， so that， in order that等几种用法。① so … that 用在单数可数名词前，so ＋ 形容词 ＋ a ＋ 名词 ＋ that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such ＋ a ＋ 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋ that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her ② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game. ③ 在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I can't buy it ④ so … that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy ⑤ so that 其后接从句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus
那个啥来着呢
初中英语110个重要短语与句型汇总
引导语：为了更好的帮助初中学生复习英语，应届毕业生培训网特地整理了初中英语110个重要短语与句型汇总，谢谢您的阅读。
1.take photos / pictures 照像 ， take away拿走 ， take out取出 (work out算出) take care当心 ， take medicine 服药 take one’s temperature量体温， take one’s time别着急 ， take a walk散步 ， take place发生
2.learn by oneself / teach oneself自学 ， learn by heart背熟
3.a year and a half (one and a half years ) 一年半
4.have a try尝试，努力 ， try out尝试、试验 ， find out / about找出，查明， have a good / wonderful / great / time玩得开心， have a (bad) cold(重)感冒 ， have a meeting / walk / watch开会/散步/比赛 ， have sports进行体育活动 ， have nothing / sth.to do with与。。无(有)关 ， have no idea不知道 ， have (one’s) medicine服药
5.offer sb sth。给某人提供某物
6.win first prize获一等奖
7.all over the world= around the world =throughout the world全世界
8.all kinds of 各种各样的`
9.neither… nor 既不…也不…。
10.not only … but also …不但…而且 ， both… and ……和…都
11.by the way顺便说by oneself单独，独自by the end of到…为至by the time(引起时间状语从句)到…的时候one by one依次by air / plane乘飞机by bus / train / car乘公共汽车/火车/轿车(catch a bus赶公交车get on / off the bus上/下车take a bus to…=go to …by bus乘车去)
12.do / try one’s best尽力do one’s homework做家庭作业do (the/some) shopping购物do the cooking烹饪do some cleaning打扫do the / some washing洗衣服do sport做运动do with sb / sth。处理well done干得好(From：www.rr365.com)
13.early in the morning一大早in the early spring初春in my early days我幼年时期early bus早班车
14.make a contribution to贡献给、捐献make a telephone call to sb.// ring sb.up // give sb.a call // phone sb。给某人打电话connect…to…把…与…连接起来be close to靠近(某地) give birth to生(孩子) lose to sb输给sb 。
15.either…or…或者…或者。。on either side of the street街道任何一边(on each side of the street街道每一边on both sides of the street街道两边)
16.keep doing sth。不停地做某事(表示状态继续)keep on doing sth.坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行)practise doing sth。练习做某事enjoy doing sth。喜欢做某事finish doing sth。做完某事go on doing sth。继续做某事(同一件事)
17.go on to do sth。接着做某事(另一事) go straight along 沿着…一直往前走， go down下降， go for a walk散步， go over复习， go shopping买东西， go to the cinema去看电影， go well进展顺利， go off to动身前往， go out外出 ， go to work去上班， go up上升， want a go 想试一试
18.think about考虑 (think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到 think over仔细考虑 think out想出)talk about谈论， worry about担心， How / What about…?…怎么样?
19.borrow…from …从…借…。(lend…to…把…借给…)from door to door挨家挨户 ， from time to time时时， from now on 从今以后 ， from then on 从那以后， be different from与…不同 ， learn…from…向…学习
20.get dressed穿衣 ， get into进入， get / be lost丢失， get off / on下/上车 ， get on well with sb。与某人相处得好， get out of从…出来 ， get ready for +n。为…做准备， get ready to do sth。准备做某事， get / go to sleep (fall asleep)入睡 ， (be asleep睡着) get warm 变暧 ， get well康复， get a chance 有机会、得到机会
21.look for 寻找 ， wait for等候 ， look after=take care of照看， look like看起来像 ， look over检查，复习 ， look out小心，从里向外看 ， look the same看起来一样， look up向上看，查单词 ， look around环视look forward to期望 ， look through温习，检查
22.set off 出发、动身， put off 推迟 ， keep off 避开、不靠近… drop off放下(某物)，turn off关 ， jump off跳离 ， take off脱(衣)，(飞机)起飞 (From：www.rr365.com)
23.half a kilo半千克 ， half an hour半小时 ， in half分成两半， half of the day半天
24.do eye exercises做眼保健操 ， do morning exercises做早操take (more) exercise (多)参加体育锻炼 ， an exercise book练习本
25.take part in参加 ， hand in上交 ， in hospital住院 ， in surprise吃惊地 ， in the sun在阳光下 ， in trouble处于困境， in a minute / moment马上
26.leave for…动身去某地
27 feed on 以…为主食 ， live on继续活着 ， base on以…为根据 ， carry on坚持、继续下去 ， and so on 等等 ， on the other hand另一方面 ， on foot步行 28.be famous for以。。著名 ， be excited about +n。/V-ing对…感到兴奋 ， be interested in 对…感兴趣 ， be born出生 ， be busy with sth。— be busy doing sth。忙于…be amazed at 对。。感到惊讶
29.move away移开 ， move to(搬)移到
30.search the Internet上网
31.make sure 确信 ， make a dialogue编对话 ， make a mistake犯错误 (by mistake由于疏忽) make a noise吵闹 ， make faces做鬼脸 ， make friends (with)和。。交朋友 ， make room for给。。让地方， make tea沏茶， make money赚钱， make a decision作出决定
32.used to do sth过去常常做某事， be used to doing sth。习惯于做某事
33.leave sth+介词短语 “把……忘记在某处”
34.forget to do sth。忘记做某事 ， encourage sb.to do sth。鼓励某人做某事 ， decide to do sth。决定做某事 ， allow sb.to do sth。允许某人做某事
35.hear sb.to do (doing)sth。听见某人做某事
36.help sb.(to) do sth 。//help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 ， with one’s help在某人的帮助下 ， with pleasure乐意
37.the summer holiday(s)暑假 the winter holiday(s)寒假
38.step into走进 ， pour into倒入…
39.in the first第一 ， for the first time第一次， at first起初 ， a firs t language母语 ， first of all首先
40.leave a message for sb。给某人留条， give / take sb.a message给某人捎口信 想学习更多英语知识，请关注口袋英语aikoudaiyy
41.put down 放下 shut down 把…关上cut down砍掉come down下来、落下slow down 减缓、放慢sit down坐下write down写下get down下来，降落
42.after all毕竟。终究after that于是。然后day after day日复一日地one after another相继。挨次soon after不久以后the day after tomorrow后天
43.come up with找到、提出catch up with赶上wake up弄醒、醒来send up发射open up开设、开办grow up长大pick up拾起、捡起hands up举手eat up吃光clean up打扫干净give up doing sth。=stop doing sth。放弃做某事
44.arrive at/in + n。到达get to +n。到达reach + n。到达arrive / get +adv。到达
45.get…back退还，送回去。取回give back归还come back回来at the back of在…的后面on the way (back)home在回家路上
46.at least至少at breakfast早餐时at desk在桌前at once立刻，马上at school在上学at the same time同时at work在工作be good at=do well in 善长laugh at嘲笑not…at all一点也不at first起初at night在晚上at noon中午。at the age of // when sb.was…years old 在…岁时at last / in the end / finally 最后、终于。at the beginning of the twenty-first century在21世纪初，at the end of 在…终点、结尾at the moment // now现在at the foot of在…脚下at Christmas在圣诞节at any moment任何时候at times(sometimes)有时，偶尔at the doctor’s在医务室be bad at不善长
47.for example例如for ever永远be good for对…有益be bad for对…有害for long=for a long time长期for short 简称be short for是…的简称TV is short for “television”
48.come true实现come down下来come from=be from来自，出生于come in/into进入，进来come on赶快come over过来come along走吧，过来，快点，come and go来来去去come up上来come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
49.even though=even if即使、虽然、尽管
50.be pleased with对…感到满意be covered with被…覆盖be expected to do sth。被期望做某事be proud of 以…自豪speak highly of 称赞be afraid of害怕hear of听说(hear from sb。收到某人的来信)of cause=certainly当然可以plenty of= a lot of许多
51.the more ， the better 越多越好
52.all one’s life 一生
53.as soon as 一…就… as soon as possible尽可能早地、尽快as well = too也， as much as至多， as little as至少 ， regard …as 把…当作… ， as if 好像
54.no matter 无论…
55 ever since 从那以后，此后一直
56.so far 到目前为止 ， or so大约
57.another two hours (=two more hours )又(再) 2个小时
58.three times a week一周三次
59.the number of…的数量 a (large / good) number of / large numbers of / many许多
60.less than少于 ， less and less 越来越少
61.need + 名词 (v-ing)， (The students need some help。学生们需要帮助。This pair of shoes needs mending。这双鞋需要修理)
62.“be used for+ 名词(v-ing)，”被用来做。.(A writing brush is used for writing。) “be used as+名词”， 被作为…使用 (English is used as the first language in none of these countries.) “be used by+动作执行者”， 被…使用，
63.be made of 由…制造(This table is made of wood 。这张课桌是木制的) be made from由…制成 (This kind of paper is made from wood .这种纸是用木材制成的) be made in+地点， “某地制造”(These cars are made in Germany) be made by+人， “由谁制造的” (This kite is made by Kate .)
64.more developed countries发达国家， less developed countries不发达国家， developing countries发展中国家
65.be worth + money (V-ing)，值…钱。值得做…This car is worth more than two million yuan in China.This book is well worth reading。这本书很值得一读。
66.the Summer Palace颐和园 ， Tian’anmen Square天安门广场 ， the Palace Museum故宫 ， the Great Hall of the People人民大会堂 ， the Temple of Heaven天坛 ， the Great Green Wall绿色长城 ， PLA中国人民解放军 ， PRC中华人民共和国， the Party中国共产党 ， the League共青团 ， Peking Opera京剧
67 a digital camera数字照相机 ， a doctor for animals = an animal doctor动物医生
68.so + 形/副+that 从句， (The place is so cold that nothing can grow in winter 。这地方太冷，冬天什么都不长) so + many / few+ 复数名词 +that从句 (He has so many books that I don’t know which one to borrow.他有那么多书，我不知道借哪一本) so + much / little+ 不可数名词+that从句 (She has so little money that she can’t buy anything 。她钱太少，什么也买不到。) so+ 形容词 +a / an +单数名词 +that从句 (This is so good a book that all of us like reading it ) ， such +a / an+ 形容词+单数名词+ that从句 (This is such an interesting story that all of us like it) ， such +形容词+复数名词+that从句.such +形容词+不可数名词+that从句 (It is such fine weather today that many children are playing outside)
69 。tell sb about sth。告诉某人关于某事 ， tell sb+从句， tell sb.to do sth。让某人做某事 ， tell a lie说谎 ， tell a story讲故事 ， thank you for +n 。/V-ing 谢谢你… too + adj./ adv.+ to + v。太…而不能， too much(修饰名词)太多，过分 ， much too(修饰adj。/adv。)太
70.hope / wish+不定式(或从句)， wish sb.to do sth.What do you mean by…?= What does… mean?…是什么意思?
71.on show = on display展览
72.be filled with / be full of充满…
73.thank to =because of由于
74.some day =one day(将来)某一天 ， all day终日， day and night 日日夜夜 ， in a day or two一两天内 in the old days从前，旧社会， from day to day (day after day)日复一日 ， the day before yesterday前天 ， the day after tomorrow后天， Tree Planting Day植树节 ， Women’s Day 妇女节
75.keep / stop / prevent… (from) doing sth。防止(阻止)…做某事 ， stop to do sth。停下来去做某事 ， stop doing sth。停止做某事
76.nice and +adj.= very +adj。很，非常
77.a place (places) of interest 名胜
78.three quarters of the information on the Internet因特网上四分之三的信息 ， two thirds of the books三分之二的书
79.credit card信用卡
80.the increasing population增长着的人口
81 a path of travel旅行路线
82 .point at / to指向
83.by sea = by ship乘船 ， by the sea = on the sea 在海边， at sea在海上
84.set one’s mind to do sth。一心想做某事
85 。multiply…by…乘以…
86.See you!再见 You see。你知道，你明白，你瞧 ， Let me see。让我想想， see sb.off给某人送行 ， see a / the doctor看病， see sb .do / doing sth。看见某人做某事
87 some…others一些(人，物)…其他(人，物) one…another一个。。另一个(三者或以上 ) one…the other一个…另一个(总数二个)
88.be worn out穿旧，磨坏 ， check out核实，检查 ， write out写出 ， take sth.out of从…拿出/取出某物
89.in this way用这种方法 ， in a few year’s time几年以后 ， in space在太空 ， in and out of class在课内课外 ， in the last fifteen minutes在最后十五分钟里 ， in the second half 在下半场 ， later in one’s life在某人后半身 ， in the air在空中 ， in the open air在户外
90.give sb.an injection给某人打针 ， get an injection打针
91.have been to去过某地 ， have gone to到某地去了
92.here + be+ 名词+ for+某人 ( Here is a letter for you。这儿有你的一封信。)
93.be far behind +某人 (He is far behind others.他落后于别人)
94.one of + adj。最高级+复数名词
95.take +某物+with +某人 (You’d better take an umbrella with you。你最好带上雨伞)
96.prefer to= like…better than宁愿，更喜欢prefer + V-ing (to do sth。) ( I prefer doing (to do) it myself 。我喜欢自己做那件事).Would / should等情态动词 + prefer +不定式.(I would prefer to do it myself。我宁愿自己做那件事) ， prefer +名词(v-ing) + to+名词 (v-ing) (I prefer learning English to playing football。我愿意学英语而不愿踢足球) ; prefer +不定式(名词)+ rather than + 不带to的不定式， (I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus。我喜欢走着去那里，而不愿乘车) ， prefer + 名词(代词) to do sth.(We prefer her not to come。我们宁愿她不来)
97.人+ spend +time (money) +(in) doing sth.(I spent over two hours (in) finishing my homework。我花了两个多小时完成家庭作业。) ， 人 + spend + time (money) + on +名词， (He spent 1，000 on the TV set 。他花了一千元买电视机).人 + pay + money +for +sth.( He paid ten yuan for the book 。他花了10元钱买那本书。) It + takes (will take， / took…) + sb.+ time (money) + to do sth.(It’ll take you only ten minutes to get there by bus。乘车去那里只花你10分钟).物+ cost + (sb。) + money， (The dictionary cost me 20 yuan 。我花20元钱买了那本词典)
98.do with + sb./ sth.(What have you done with the pork ? 那些肉你怎么处理了?)
99.mind + if 从句， (Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不反对吧?) mind + V-ing， (Would you mind turning on the TV?打开电视你不反对吧?)
100.what…for? / why…? (What do you learn English for? = Why do you learn English?)
101.…is another way of saying…什么是。。的另一说法 Quick is another way of saying fast.Bike is short for bicycle。
102.not…until…直到…才…
103.be like像 ， feel like +n。/V-ing想要 ， like best最喜欢 ， would like to 想要
104.the 24 hour clock 24小时制
105.wash away冲走，run away逃跑 ， take away带走
106.before long不久 ， long before / ago很久以前 ， for long =for a long time长期， no longer = not.。any longer不再
107.more or less = about或多或少，大约more than = over多于，超过
108.every year每年 ， every four years每隔四年 ， every other day每隔一天 ， everyday English / life日常英语/生活
109.next to紧挨着， next door隔壁，邻居 ， next year明年 ， next time下次
110.receive / get / have a letter from sb.= hear from sb 收到某人的来信
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