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We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. 我们都经历过:在电梯里,在银行排队,或者在飞机上,周围都是像我们一样专注于手机的人,或者更糟糕的是,在令人不安的沉默中挣扎。 What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. 问题是什么呢?有可能我们每个人都不善于开口说话。更可能是,开口说话会尴尬,而且具有挑战性,或者我们认为这很烦人,没有必要。但是下次你会在陌生人中发现,闲聊是值得的。专家说,这是一种非常宝贵的社会实践,能带来巨大的好处。 Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. "Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them." 将闲聊视为无关紧要很容易,但我们不能忘记,如果没有闲聊,深厚的关系就不会存在。印第安那大学害羞研究所所长贝尔纳多•卡杜奇说过,闲聊是社交的润滑剂。“几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一笔大生意都是从闲聊开始,”他解释道,“成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人联系,而不仅仅是与他们交流。” In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband," says Dunn. "But interactions with peripheral members of our social network matter for our well-being also." 在2014年的一项研究中,UBC心理学副教授伊丽莎白·邓恩邀请人们去咖啡馆。一组要求与服务员互动;另一组只要求在必要时发言。结果表明,那些与服务员聊天的人有更高的积极感受和更好的咖啡店体验。”这并不是说和服务员说话比和你丈夫说话好,”邓恩说,“但与我们社交网络的边缘成员互动对我们的幸福也很重要。” Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners," he says. 邓恩认为,与陌生人接触会感觉到更强烈的归属感和与他人的联系。卡杜奇认为,培养这种归属感始于闲聊。”闲聊是礼貌的基础,”他说。
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I. 翻译的原则:准确、通顺、完整 Ⅱ.翻译步骤: 逐字翻译 词语调整(词本无意,意由境生) 顺序调整 Ⅲ.长难句翻译“三步法” 拆:连词、关系词、标点符 译: 合:按意思逐层组合成理解通顺的汉语译文 我买了好几套真题卷,每套的翻译参考答案都有些不同,这再次说明像翻译这样的主观题没有标答。我们写真题时只要抓住准确、通顺的原则就好。用“信、达、雅”的标准看只需要做到信(忠实原文)、达(通顺,即符合汉语表达习惯)。 为了做到准确完整,可以先逐字翻译(就是原文字字对译) 为了做到通顺,根据全文语篇来词语调整、顺序调整。 翻译课上大家学的句子分析,有两个目的:1.为了看懂的意思(这一点我们考英语二的同学不用害怕,150词的小短文中真正很难的复杂句最多就1-2句)2.知道如何来语序调整,比如大家常说的定语从句前置、后置,被动语态进行不要出现“被”字。 看书听课了解这些常见的翻译处理方法只是第一步有awareness,最后还要落实到“亲自动手写”上,不然容易漏掉很多细节。  2018年 ①A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. ②He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. ③The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. ④And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. ⑤He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table. ⑥That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet--not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. ⑦Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. ⑧Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. ⑨“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says. 逐字翻译: ①一个第五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业去选择他的未来职业路径从一个职业清单中。 ②他勾选“宇航员”但很快增加“科学家”到清单上,并也选择它。 ③这个男孩被信服只要他读得够多,他可以探索和他喜欢的一样多。 ④所以他读——每件从百科全书到科幻小说。 ⑤他读如此激情以至于他的父母不得不制定“禁止读书政策”在餐桌旁。 ⑥那个男孩就是比尔盖茨,然而他还没有停止读书——没有甚至在成为这个星球上最成功的一个人。 ⑦现如今,他的阅读材料已经改变从科幻和参考书:近期,他表明他读至少50本非科幻书一年。 ⑧盖茨选择非科幻标题因为它们解释如何世界运行。 ⑨“每本书打开新的知识大道”,盖茨说。 词语、顺序调整: ①一个五年级学生的家庭作业是从一张列表中选择他未来的职业道路。 ②他勾选了“宇航员”但很快又把“科学家”加到列表上,并也勾选了它。 ③这个男孩相信,只要他读得足够多,他就可以尽情探索他喜欢的职业。 ④所以他从百科全书读到科幻小说。 ⑤他读得如此痴迷以至于他的父母不得不规定在吃饭时“禁止读书”。 ⑥那个男孩就是比尔盖茨,即便在他成为世界上最成功的人后,他也没有停止读书。 ⑦现如今,他的阅读材料已经不再是科幻小说和参考书:近期,他透露他每年至少读50本非虚幻类书籍。 ⑧盖茨选择非虚幻类书籍是因为它们能解释世界是如何运行的。 ⑨盖茨说:“每本书开辟探索新知识的大道”。 参考译文: ①一名五年级的学生拿到一份家庭作业,要求他从一系列职业列表中选出他未来的职业道路。 ②他选择了“宇航员”,但很快又将“科学家”加入名单,并将它也选上。 ③这个男孩确信如果他读的书足够多,他就能想探索多少条职业道路,就探索多少条。 ④因此他读书——从百科全书到科幻小说。 ⑤他如此狂热地阅读以致于他的父母不得不制定一条“吃饭时不许读书”的规矩。 ⑥这个男孩就是比尔盖茨,他从未停止过阅读——即便他已成为世界上最成功的人士之一。 ⑦如今,比尔盖茨的读物已经不再是科幻小说和参考书目了:最近,他透露自己每年至少阅读50本非小说类书籍。 ⑧盖茨选择非小说类书籍,是因为这些书解释了世界是如何运作的。 ⑨盖茨说:“每本书都开辟了探索知识的新路径。”