知识结构的英语

英语句子知识结构讲解及练习 句子结构 简单句的五个基本句型主语＋ 不及物动词 主语＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 主语＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 主语＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 主语＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 主语（subject） 句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate） 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative） 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone missing lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有 be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。