2011全国卷一英语

2011年高考英语单项选择十大考点分析2011年高考英语科有16个省、市、自治区单独命题,再加上三套全国卷, 英语试题真可谓“百花齐放”, 令人目不暇接, 大饱眼福。如今高考已经尘埃落定, 盘点2011年高考英语单项选择题, 可以发现考查了以下十大热点项目。 热点一：动词时态和语态时态和语态综合应用均为考查的热点。例如,语境中时态的正确使用,主从句时态呼应和固定句式。 例1 —Why, Jack, you look so tired!(江苏卷第23题)—Well, I ______ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A. was painting B. will be paintingC. have painted D. have been painting解析 D 我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在,而且到明天才会完成。 例2 You’ve failed to do what you ______ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. (四川卷第18题)A. will expect B. will be expectedC. expected D. were expected解析 D 不强调动作的执行者时要用被动语态,在B和D之间选择;“被期望”这个动作发生在之前,所以用过去时。热点二：非谓语动词的用法特别是V-ing和V-ed形式作定语,状语,补足语以及不定式作状语,宾语补足语和不定式的省略等。 例3 The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_______the students to return to their classrooms. (江苏卷第28题)A. enabling B. having enabledC. to enable D. to have enabled解析 A enabling...为现在分词短语作状语,表示他在捐献后的结果。having enabled为现在分词完成式,表示在他捐献之前发生,不合逻辑。to enable如果作目的状语在句首时,后面可以加也可以不加逗号;但位于句末时,前面不加逗号。如果有逗号,常用only to表示意想不到的结果。 例4 I’m calling to enquire about the position______in yesterday’s China Daily.(北京卷第25题)A. advertised B. to be advertisedC. advertising D. having advertised解析 A 过去分词作定语,position和advertise之间为被动关系;时间状语为过去。如果时间状语为将来,则选B。 热点三：各种复合句的用法包括名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句,主要考查其引导词的选用和语序。 例5 The newly built café, the walls of ______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (江苏卷第32题)A. that B. it C. what D. which解析 D 介词加关系代词引导定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙。what和it不能引导定语从句;that不能放在介词后。 例6 To improve the quality of our products, we ask for suggestions ______ had used the products.(重庆卷第25题)A. whoever B. whoC. whichever D. which解析 A 考点为宾语从句,ask sb for sth;根据情景强调无论谁用过这些产品。热点四：动词(词组)词义辨析主要考查常用动词或多能动词以及动词词组的辨析。 例7 Thousands of foreigners were ______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.(江苏卷第24题)A. attended B. attainedC. attracted D. attached解析 C 表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参观上海世博会。attend,“参加,出席”;attain,“取得,达到”;attract,“吸引”;attach,“附上,连接”。 例8 Sam ____ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.(山东卷27题)A. brought up B. looked upC. picked up D. set up解析 C 本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”pick up表示“偶然学会”,另外还有“捡起; 让人乘车,搭载;收拾,整理;重新开始”等意。bring up 表示“抚养,教育;提出;呕吐”。look up 表示“向上看;(形势)好转,改善;查阅”。set up表示“建立,设置;引发,产生”。 热点五：冠词的用法主要考查不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法以及零冠词和固定搭配。更加突出综合语言应用能力,这完全符合新课程的理念。 例9 The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for ______ new Jiangsu. (江苏卷第21题)A. 不填; a B. 不填;theC. the; a D. the; the解析 A 第一空,来自社会各阶层的人,不属于特指,不用冠词;第二空,在Jiangsu 前有形容词new,因此应加冠词a,表示一个全新的江苏。 例10 If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view. (山东卷第22题)A. 不填;the B. 不填;aC. the;a D. the;the解析 C 本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部,就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时,front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配,表示“视野开阔,视野良好”之意,所以C项符合语境。热点六：名词的用法主要考查名词词义辨析、固定短语和主谓一致。例11 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ______. (江苏卷第22题)A. expectation B. reputationC. contribution D. civilization解析 B reputation,“名声”;expectation,“期望”;contribution,“贡献”;civilization,“文明”。 例12 Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______ evening dress.(全国卷Ⅱ第9题)A. wear B. wearsC. has worn D. have worn解析 B 当“one of + 复数名词”作主语时,动词用单数形式;当“one of + 复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句动词用复数形式;当“the(only)one of + 复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句动词用单数形式。热点七：情态动词主要考查情态动词表推测的用法,间或考查情态动词的各种用法。 例13 Jack described his father, who______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.(安徽卷第32题)A. would be B. would have beenC. must be D. must have been解析 D 该题考查推测用法,对现在推测用must be/do;对现在正在进行中的动作推测用must be doing;对过去推测用must have done。 例14 I _______ have watched that movie — it’ll give me horrible dreams. (山东卷第25题)A. shouldn’t B. needn’tC. couldn’t D. mustn’t解析 A 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的——它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn’t have done。热点八：特殊句型如省略句,强调句,倒装句等。例15 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly, can improve our health. (浙江卷第8题)A. being carried out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out解析 C 时间,条件或让步状语从句中的主语和主句主语相同且从句中含有be动词,则从句中的主语和be动词可以一起省略。该题中if后引导条件状语省略了they are。 例16 John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work ______ has made him what he is today. (湖南卷第25题)A. why B. When C. which D. that解析 D 该题考查强调句型“It is/ was ...that ...”,强调句子中的主语years of hard work。热点九：虚拟语气的用法既考查该语法的基本用法也考查在其他从句中的用法。 例17 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ______ more on its culture. (江苏卷第34题)A. focus B. focusedC. would focus D. had focused解析 B would rather加从句应用虚拟语气。若表示与现在时间相反,用动词的过去式。 例18 Teachers recommend parents ______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(福建卷第29题)A. not allow B. do not allowC. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow解析 A insist, order, command, suggest (建议), advise, recommend, request, require, demand, desire后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气should do/be,其中should可省略。热点十：功能意念项目重在情境中考查实际应用能力。 例19 —Do you think you could do without help?(山东卷第21题)—______. This is not the first time for me.A. Take care B. Hurry upC. Not exactly D. Don’t worry解析 D 本题考查交际用语的使用。根据后置语境This is not the first time for me可知,答语应表示“没问题,别担心”之意,所以D项符合语境。【应试对策】1. 时态语态: 考生应熟悉普通高中《英语课程标准(实验稿)》中所要求的十种常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。做时态、语态题时一定要结合语境,抓住时间状语和从属连词,还要注意主从句时态呼应。 2. 非谓语动词: 要掌握不定式、分词和动名词的基本用法及区别。注意非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,选择表示主动或被动意义的非谓语动词。 3. 复合句: 三大从句引导词的选择各有诀窍:名词性从句引导词的选择采用从句中“缺什么补什么”的策略;定语从句关系词的选择需要“看先行词在定语从句中作何成分,作主语、宾语或定语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词”;状语从句引导词的选用关键根据句子的意思。 4. 动词(词组): 考生应熟练掌握常用动词的用法,多看一些英文报刊,有可能多听一些英语教学节目,注意一词多意或多性现象,特别关注一些常用动词的用法。 5. 冠词: 考生应掌握不定冠词表示泛指和定冠词表示特指的用法,还应熟知抽象名词具体化和具体名词抽象化,注意零冠词以及固定搭配的用法。6. 名词: 考生应掌握可数名词及其单复数(特别是外来词),不可数名词和专有名词以及名词所有格,特别注意同义词辨析及常用短语。 7. 情态动词: 考生应熟知常用情态动词的基本用法,重点掌握肯定句和否定句中对现在、此时此刻及过去的推测用法,还有need和dare作为情态动词和实义动词两种用法。 8. 特殊句型: 考生应注意特殊句型往往有其特定的标志,句子结构相对固定,因此答题时要善于捕捉关键词,然后根据积累的知识解题。 9. 虚拟语气: 考生应掌握虚拟语气三个公式(现在、过去、将来)及其在倒装、错综条件句、含蓄条件句以及在其他从句中的应用。 10. 功能意念: 考生应熟练掌握十一类功能意念项目和二十四类话题项目,特别注意英汉思维方式的差异,语言得体。

Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her fist garden, Ms Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family’s old farm house has become a chicken bourse, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it’s a win-win situation all around.” 卡桑德拉·费利发现靠她丈夫的收入很难维持生活，因此，今年她做了一些业余爱好以外的事：在院子里种菜。在她的第一个花园里，费利女士种植了15株西红柿和5排各种蔬菜。家里的旧农舍已经变成了养鸡场，居民们下个月就会入住。去年，丽塔·加廷女士经营着一个小花园。今年花园变得更大了，她说，“所有的东西都在涨价，我正好也希望减点肥，所以这是一个双赢的事情。” They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Other have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say no since the 1970s have there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country had been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list. 在生活成本上升和经济下滑的推动下，越来越多的美国人开始第一次种菜，另一些人则增加了现有花园的面积。种子公司和花园商店表示，自20世纪70年代以来，人们对在家种植的兴趣从未如此高涨。现在，全国各地的许多花园已经卖光了好几个月。在德克萨斯州奥斯汀，一些花园甚至要等上三年。 George C.Ball Jr, owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years. Mr.Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking rise in the cost on food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there more time to garden. 一家公司的老板乔治·C·鲍尔说，蔬菜种子和植物的销售额比去年增长了40%，是过去五年平均增长率的两倍。鲍尔先生认为，过去几年来积累了一些原因。最大的原因是面包和牛奶等食品的成本大幅上升，以及水果蔬菜价格的上涨。食品价格随着油价的上涨而上涨。人们开车越来越少，休假越来越少，所以有更多的时间种菜。