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英语字母组合的发音规律
导语:英语字母与字母之间组合在一起的发音不是简单的连读,下面我分享英语字母组合的发音规律,欢迎参考!
1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例:be,he。
2)以辅音字母(r 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例:make,like。
* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。
以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,
称为闭音节。例:map,desk,is。
*在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。
字母a,e,i,o,u 在重读音节中的读法
字母 名称 位置 读音 举例
a /ei/
开音节/ei/ name,take
闭音节/æ / map,bag
e/i:/
开音节/i:/ be,he
闭音节/e/ egg,best
i/ai/
开音节/ai/ like,kite
闭音节/i/ bit,fit
o/ou/
开音节/Eu/ note,no
闭音节// dog,lot
u/ju:/
开音节/ju:/ mute,use
闭音节// bus,cut
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [Eu] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [E] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday,但u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super。但u在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
元音字母读音例词
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
元音字母读音例词
a [E] China another woman breakfast
[i ] orange comrade village cabbage
e [E] hundred student open weekend
[i ] chicken pocket begin children
i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult
[ju(:)] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:) ]音,例如:July influence February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的'元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音。
1、在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词
⑴、ar 一般发音
[α:] car farm dark sharpener
在[w]音后面 [c:] warm quarter towards
⑵、or 一般发音
[c:] forty morning short
在[w]音后面[E:] word worker worse
⑶、er ir ur
[E:] certainly bird Thursday
⑷、辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry
2、在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
1、在重读音节中的读音
are [εE] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ore [c:] more score before
ure [juE] pure cure
2、在非重读音节中are ere ire ore很少出现,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音。
例如:picture pleasure
3、重读元音字母+r+非重读元音字母组时,重读元音字母应按a(e,i,o,u)re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring
4、某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph
元音字母组合读音例词
ai/ay [ei] rain wait day play
air [εE] air hair chair pair repair
al 在f,m,s前后
[c:] small ball talk wall all
[ c: l ] always also salt almost
[α:] half calm
au/aw [c:] autumn daughter draw
ea的发音
[i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear
[iE] hear dear near clear year
[εE] bear pear wear swear
[E:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer[iE] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后
[ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor roar board door floor
oi/oy noise point boy toilet
oo
1.重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(动物园),
2.在辅音字母f, l, m, n, p,s,t前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学校),room(房间),soon(不久),loop(圈,环),goose(鹅)boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿)等.有二个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);:foot[u](脚);
3.字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),特例词:food[u:](食物);
4.在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。如:bedroom(卧室),classroom(教室)等;
5.在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[∧]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.
6.后接r时字母组合oo发音素 door,floor
ou/ow
[au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[∧] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our
course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui在j l r s后
[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u ] juice fruit suit
元音字母组合或字群读音例词
ai/ay , ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音。
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [t∫En] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫E] picture culture
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九、辅音字母组合的读音
辅音字母组合 读 音 例 词
b [b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c
(1)后跟元音字母a,o,u时,字母c发[k],例如:cat,come,cut,cake picture coat music;后跟e,i,y时,字母c发[s],例如:nice,decide,Lucy,face decide cinema。
(2)后跟辅音字母k,r,s,t,以及位于单词最后时,字母c发[k],例如:black,crossing,politics,dictate,picnic。
(3)单词中有双写字母c,后跟元音字母e或i时第一个c发[k],第二个c发[s],例如:successful,accident;后跟其它元音字母或字母组合时,两个c合发一个[k],例如:account。
(4)后跟字母组合ei,er,ie或与词尾的字母e组合时,c发[s],例如:receive,certainly,society;后跟字母组合ia时,c发[∫],例如:especially。
ch
一般读作 [t∫] much chick rich teacher
[k] chemist(化学家),chem-istry(化学),chemical(化学的),Christmas(圣诞节), headache(头痛),school(学校)等6个单词中读[k]
[∫] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [dV] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
g在e i/y前 [g] bag garden go
[dV] orange large German
gh字母组合的读音在英语课本中归纳起来主要有“发音”和“不发音”两种情况。
一、gh在下列三种情况下发音
1.gh在词首时,读作/g/。例:ghost/geust/
2.词首为字母1,且后跟字母组合augh时,gh读作/f/。例:laugh/la:f/,laughter/'la:fə/,cough ,enough
3.词尾为字母组合ough时,gh读作/f/。例:enough /i'nʌf/,cough/kʌf/,rough/rʌf/,tough/tʌf/
二、gh在下列五种情况下不发音
1.gh 在元音字母i后不发音。例:bright/brait/,fight/fait/,frighten/'fraitn/,high/hai/,light/lait/,might/mait/,night/nait/,right/rait/,sight/sait/,slight/slait/
2.gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音。例:eight/eit/,eighth/eitθ/,neighbor/'neibə/,straight/streit/,weigh/wei/,weight/weit/
3.gh在字母组合ought中不发音。例:bought/bɔ:t/,brought/brɔ:t/,fought/fɔ:t/,thought/θɔ:t/
4.字母组合augh前面不是1时,gh不发音。caught/kɔ:t/,daughter/'dɔ:tƏ/,naught/nɔ:t/,naughty/'nɔ:ti/,taught/tɔ:t/
5.词尾为ough的词,如以上所述,有的发/f/,但有时也不发音。例:although/ɔ:l'ðɔ/,plough/plau/,through/θru:/,though/ðɔu/,thorough/'θɔrf/
注意:若gh不是字母组合,而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时,不适合以上规则。例:dininghall/'dainihɔ:l/
gu-
-guegu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue
[gw] language anguish
h
[h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
[N] uncle thank hungry
-ng [N] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [∫] she fish shirt wash
t [t] ten letter meet
在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [∫] patient nation
tch [t∫] watch
th有清与浊两种读音:
1 当位于词首时,可以从词性上判别其应有的读音。请看:
第一类:在以下 4种 词类 th 读 清音,即国际音标的 θ :
a. Noun 名词:thing, theatre, thumb大拇指, thunder雷,thermos热水瓶, Thursday, theory, theme, throat喉咙, thread线
b. Verb 动词:think, thank, throw, thrive, thicken,
c.Numeral 数词:three, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand
d.Adjective 形容词:thin, thick, thirsty, thoughtful, thorough彻底的
第二类:在以下 两种 词类 th 读 浊音:
a. Pronoun 代词:they, them, their, theirs, this, these,that, those, there
b. Functional terms 功能词:the, than, then, though, thus,therefore
2 当位于词尾(或音节之尾)时,其读音多数是清音,如:bath, breath, both, cloth, tooth, health, wealth, arithmetic 等。只有在少数单词中,如:with, smooth 中读浊音。
3 当位于两个元音之间时,其读音多数是浊音。如:other, mother, brother, another, father, weather, feather, leather, further, breathe。 但是,也有读清音的,如在单词 method, nothing, anything, sympathy, sympathetic, mathematics, healthy, wealthy, Luther, Marathon(马拉松)等。
知足知不足m
1.元音:1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2) 发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [] 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
杜佳妮625
元音组合 ai /ei/ wait paint ay /ei/ may play day say air /ε? / air hair chair al /o: / tall small ball ar /α: / farther farm car arm ea /i:/ meat please tea read /e/ head bread ready / i? / theater ear / i? / ear hear near / ε? / bear / ?: / earth ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep eir / ε? / their er / ? / worker teacher / ?: / her ere /i ? / here /ε? / where there ew /ju: / new few /u: / flew grew ight /ai / right high bright ir /?: / bird girl shirt thirty oa /?u / boat coat ong /o? / long song oo /u/ book foot good /u:/ moon balloon or / : / short fork port /?: / word world work oor /o: / door floor ore /o:/ more store sore ou / au / out house mouth our /o: / four your /au? / our ow/ ?u / bowl window /au / now cow flower oy /oi/ boy toy ur / ?: / turn 辅音组合 th /θ/ thank mouth / δ/ this that with tr /tr/ tree train truck dr /dr/ dress driver sh /∫/ shirt wash short ch /t∫/ child chair catch / k / school Christmas / dз/ sandwich tw /tw/ two twin twenty wh /w/ white wheel what /h/ who whose whom ts /ts/ jackets kites ds /dz/ birds friends