张家阿婆
外在因素external factor 内在因素internal factor 如:Depression may be a response to a major negative life event or other external factors. 抑郁症可能有重大负面生活事件的反应或其他外在因素. 不可抗因素 翻译成 force majeure 例:In case ticket refunding is caused by the service suspension due to force majeure of boat or the shipping company, no service charge shall be paid in refunding. 如因不可抗因素导致船舶停航或船公司原因需退票，则免收退票手续费. 在一些外贸标准合同中,我们常用这一表达的 The Seller shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents. 本合同内所述全部或部份商品，如因人力不可抗拒的原因，以致不能履约或延迟交货，售方概不负责。 看看国际贸易中的详细解释: 不可抗力（Force Majeure）是指买卖合同签订后，不是由于当事人一方的过失或故意，发生了当事人在订立合同时不能预见，对其发生和后果不能避免并且不能克服的事件，以致不能履行合同或不能如期履行合同。遭受不可抗力事件的一方，可以据此免除履行合同的责任或推迟履行合同，对方无权要求赔偿。 不可抗力通常包括两种情况：一种是自然原因引起的，如水灾、旱灾、暴风雪、地震等；另一种是社会原因引起的，如战争、罢工、政府禁令等。但不可抗力事件目前国际上并无统一的明确的解释。哪些意外事故应视作不可抗力，可由买卖双方在合同的不可抗力条款中约定。 希望我的回答能让你满意 有疑问私下探讨. 补充: 外在因素翻译成Extrinsic factor 是可以的 但更常用的表达是external factor 内在因素与之类似! 不可抗因素 翻译成force majeure 也是符合语言习惯的 商务英语中的举例 Force majeure includes, but is not limited to, strike in general, embargo, acts of government, riots, war, whether declared or not declared, mobilization and requisition, fires, floods" 不可抗因素包括但不限于罢工、禁运、政府行为、骚乱、宣布或未宣布的战争、动员和征用、火灾、水灾。参考资料：商贸英语探究
zhenghan116
In the socialist market economic system, many enterprises successive years of losses and loss-making and the amount of loss is still growing, and the more serious business losses, the loss for the year on year increase of reasons, in addition to not rationalize the system, Enterprise management, a small number of people collective corruption, historical reasons for debt, oil prices unreasonable factors, such as wood fuel price hikes external factors, but more important is their internal management and a number of unforeseen internal factors. Gradual improvement in external conditions for the circumstances, the enterprises are many reasons for the loss of both institutional factors and non-structural factors, but from the fundamental role of the reasons for non-institutional reasons. Be sure, since the corporate restructuring, enterprise reform has made some progress in the localized, but in the economic management system and operational mechanism has not been able to achieve a fundamental breakthrough in the medium and long-term management of many deep-seated contradictions exist, such as property rights is not clear And separate functions of government and enterprises before the historical burden, which in their internal and external also led to a series of defects, resulting in the company's losses widening year by year. Internal factors: 1, decision-making unscientific 2, resources 3, poor management 4, the shortage of liquidity constraints 5, ineffective leadership 6, the lack of democracy and oversight mechanisms 7, unclear responsibilities, chaotic management 8, ignoring trade union aspects of life, enterprises, the lack of cohesion Some of the reasons for enterprises outside 1, rising raw materials prices 2, policy factors: 3, the involvement of government departments 4, a heavy debt history, the loss for the larger increase These are the main problems enterprises. Each of these issues virtually all business relations with the future fate. If we do not properly address these problems quickly, then the business will be very difficult to reverse this situation. For the existing businesses of the main issues, I personally think that could be taken the following corresponding measures, enterprises and strive to make it look brand new. Suggestions of enterprises Niukuizengying Enterprise production and management of dynamic, decided Niukuizengying the sustainability of that. For medium-sized enterprises, due to restrictions on the scale of enterprises, their enjoyment of certain preferential conditions and operating advantages of large enterprises will be slightly inferior. Therefore, how can enterprises continued and healthy development is the government and enterprises should face the long-term problems. Here, the proposed government departments and higher-level departments in "seizing the big" At the same time, should be "open, enlivening the" loss-making enterprises, development of effective loss-making enterprises to support the development of policies and concrete measures. At the same time, enterprises should size up the situation, and constantly improve their own comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises as soon as possible to the Niukuizengying. 1, to establish a scientific decision-making system 2, strengthening internal management 3, strengthening macroeconomic regulation and control 4, enhance corporate leadership 5, to strengthen support for the funds. 6, the establishment of a democratic, and supervision mechanism, strengthen the internal audit and supervision, improve the economic efficiency of enterprises 7, into the workers, enhance their cohesion 8, speed up industrial restructuring 9, strengthening cost management, increase economic efficiency of enterprises 10, adjust their internal institutions, establishing a modern enterprise system 11, in the spirit of reform to establish a new business management system [Conclusion] These are individuals engaged in business losses and Niukuizengying analysis of the root causes of the measures, since the author is only an ordinary workers, unable to enterprises for the overall inspection and research, aimed at the current situation and thus extend the other, it may have Lost biased, hope to understand. Only representative of his personal views. Therefore, I hope that the unit managers were able to sum up experience, improve the management timely manner, the oil companies to promote the healthy and orderly development.
