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中学英语知识 1、现在进行时 表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用,结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing. 如:It is raining now. 外面正在下雨 It is six o’clock now. 现在6点了 My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room. 我父母正在客厅看报纸 Look! The children are having a running race now. 看!孩子们正在赛跑 问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not. 2、一般现在时 表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。 结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时,动词后加s或es. 如:We have an English lesson every day. 我们每天都要上英语课 Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do. 男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的 问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t,后面动词一定要还原。 3、一般过去时 表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。 结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。 注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。 如:My earphones were on the ground just now. 我的耳机刚刚还在呢。 Where were you last week? I was at a camp. 你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了 What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm 你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。 问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原; 否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。 中学英语知识重点 一、情态动词 can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加动词原形。 如:The girl can’t swim, but she can skate. 女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰 Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully. 不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。 二、祈使句 肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。 如:Open the box for me ,please. 请为我打开盒子。 Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow. 刘涛,明天请早点起床! Don’t walk on the grass! 不要在草地上走! Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please. 海伦!不要爬树。 三、go的用法 去干嘛用go +动词ing 如: go swimming; go fishing; go skating; go camping; go running; go skiing; go rowing… 四、比较 than 前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。 如:My mother is two years younger than my father. 我妈比我爸年轻两岁。 Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben. 刘涛跳得和本一样远。 中学英语必背知识 1、must (1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”。 如: You must stay here until I come back。 Must I hand in my homework right now? 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to 。 如: —Must I finish my homework? —No, you needn’t。 (2)must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。 如: The light is on, so he must be at home now。 其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”。 如: You mustn’t play with fire。 You mustn’t be late。 2、could (1)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。 如: He could write poems when he was 10。 (2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。 如: Could you do me a favour? —Could I use your pen? —Yes, you can。(注意回答) 3、might might为may的过去式。might表示推测时,表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思),当请求讲时,比may的语气更委婉。 He is away from school。 He might be sick。 Might I use your dictionary? 4、can (1)表示能力,一般译为“能、会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。 如:She can swim fast, but I can’t 。 (2)表示许可,常在口语中。 如:You can use my dictionary。 (3)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。 如: —Can the news be true? —No, it can’t be our teacher。 He is on a visit to the Great Wall。 初中英语重点知识 1、 时间状语从句 (1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如: It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. (2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如: I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如: The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops. We won’t start until Bob comes. Don’t get off until the bus stops. 2 、条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如: What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如: I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won’t be late unless he is ill. (3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如: Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 初中必备的英语知识 一、come 短语 1. come across (偶然)遇见(或发现) 2. come along (意外地)出现;发生;来到 3. come from 来自 4. come into 进入 5. come in 进来 6. come out 出版;发表 7. come on 快点儿 8. come over 顺便来访 9. come true (希望等)实现 10. come up with 提出;想出(主意、回答等) 二、get 短语 1. get away 逃离;走开 2. get back 返回;回来;回家 3. get close(to) 接近 4. get down 降下 5. get down to 开始认真(做某事) 6. get in 进入;收获;达到 7. get off 下车 8. get on 上车 9. get through 通过;拨通(电话) 10. get gogether 聚会;联欢 11. get up 起床 三、give 短语 1. give up 放弃 2. give in 屈服;让步 3. give away 赠送;分发 4. give out 分发;发放 5. give back 还给;归还;恢复(健康等) 6. give birth to 生;产生 7. give…a lift 捎(某人)一程 初中英语知识口诀 一、 动词不定式不带to的动词 五看(notice,observe,see,look at,watch), 三使役(have,let,make), 二听(hear,listen to), 一感觉(feel)。 按:在上述动词后做宾语补语用的不定式不带to。 二、非谓语动词 动词不做谓语用, 不定、分词与动名。 to 加原形不定式, 词组可做名、副、形。 分词现在和过去, 相当副词和形容。 原形加上“ing”, 动词具有名词性。 三、基数词变序数词(之一) 基变序,有规律, 词尾字母 tdd 。① 八减 t,九减 e, f 要把 ve 替。② ty 把 y 变成 i , 记住th前有个e。③ ① 指first、second、third。 ② 指eight去掉t,nine去掉e,five和twelve去掉ve加上f。 ③ 指twenty→twentieth等。 四、基数词变序数词(之二) 第一、二、三要全变,① 其余“th”加后边,② “th”里有例外, 你需格外记明白: 八减 t,九减 e,③ 字母 f 代ve,④ ty 变 tie。⑤ ① one-first,two-second,three-third。 ② four-fourth,seven-seventh,hundred-hundredth。。 ③ eight-eighth ,nine-ninth。 ④ five-fifth,twelve-twelfth。
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