小东家1985
1.数词变化规律及读法口诀 两大数词基和序,前表数量后第几. 构成先谈基数词,1至12请认真记. 13至19teen结尾齐,ty结尾表示几十. 若要表达几十几,几十短横1到9. One hundred 一百记,若表几百几十几. 几百 and几十几,基数规律上述里. 再把序数谈仔细,第一至三独立记. 第四至十九结尾th,第廿到九十有规律. 基数基础y变ieth.第几十几有特例,第几十由基数起,几用序数有道理. 第一百one hundred.若说第一百几十几. One hundred and第几十几.谈此即告一段落. 序有缩式莫忘记,上述须用心体味. 2.句子种类口诀 句子按用途分四大体,陈述疑问感叹和祈使.陈述用来叙述一件事.疑问主要用来提问题. 祈使表达命令和请求.表达强烈感情感叹句. 上述九是句种之定义.祈使主语you被抛弃. 若将其变成否定形式,动词之前加don't是正理. 3.陈述句变感叹句口诀 英语陈述变感叹两句套.What 或How加其他成分表.What [a(an)]形加名用的妙.剩余照写句末用感叹号. How 后副和形是正确道,其后照写感叹号堪称妙. 4.一般现在时用法及句型转换口诀 经常习惯动作和真理,是一般现在时的定义.构成除单三皆动原式.若逢动词第三人称体, 动词变单三式有道理.若要变成否定的形式, 动词原形之前加don't,除单三人称外无特例. 单三式前doesn't动原基.句首Do,Does疑问起,Does用单三人称限制,单三还原形没大问题. 5.变动词单三人称口诀 一般情况动词尾-s加.O,s,ch,sh结尾"-es"没有差. 辅音加y 去y为"-ies"是方法. 6.现在进行时及句型转换口诀现在正在进行之动作,用现在进行时来掌舵.构成be加现在分词妥,be的用法如同系动词.切记be是助动词没错,be后面加not否定拓.Be提句首疑问有把握,上述内容记清好处多.7.现在分词构成口诀词尾直加-ing是一般式,若遇无音e去之加-ing. 重读闭音一辅音字母尾,双写该字母-ing是正里.8.形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀结尾直加-er,-est属一般,详细构成方法逐一来侃谈.一辅音结尾重读闭音节看,辅音双写-er,-est是习惯.辅音加y(ly)除外有型感,按照去y,-er,-iest方法办.上述皆属单音部分双音段,下面把多音节规律来看看. 词前加more,most此规律唤.规则变化到此已全都谈完.有些不规则变化请你记全."双好"better,best记的宽."坏病"worse,worst莫记乱."双多" more,most不用管 "老,远"两种形式别记篡,"有点"less,least记清盼.9.感观使役动词记忆和使用口诀1.记忆口诀:二听四看一感觉,使役动词有三个.或:一感二听三使四看.一感;feel 二听:hear,listen to 三使:make ,let ,have四看:look at,see,watch,notice使用口诀:感使动词真奇怪,to在句中象妖怪. 主动句里它走开,被动句里它回来. 动词let要除外,to词可来可不来.10.规则动词加-ed的读音口诀元音后[t],浊音后[d],[t][d ]后读[id].注:浊音包括浊辅音和元音.11.时刻表达法口诀时刻表达法作用大,衣食住行离不开它. 整点时把点钟数打,时分俱全不好表达. 请记下列几种方法:先时后分莫给弄差. 若要说明几点过几分,可把past和after来抓.前分后时不能搞差,要说几点几分差, to前分后时来表达. 12.形容词和副词的比较等级及用法句型口诀 一者比较用原级.比较级限二者比.三者三者往上比,最高级的用法起.若要比项掌握齐,比较范围要搞细.比较级二句型记,做出句子没问题.若甲乙程度相同,as…as 结构体.甲某方面不及乙,用 not so/as…as表示.上述内容全记起,比较等级谈完毕.
人訫可畏
1. teach … not to 教某人不要做某事
2. teach oneself 自学
3. Teachers’ Day 教师节
4. tell the story of….讲…..的故事
5. Thanksgiving Day 感恩节
6. telephone sb. 给某人打电话
7. telephone number 电话号码
8. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于
9. tell sth. to sb. 把某事告诉某人=tell sb sth
10. thank you 谢谢
11. thanks to 由于，幸亏
12. thanks…for…因…而感谢…
13. “thank you” letter 感谢信
14. the day after tomorrow 后天
15. the day before yesterday 前天
16. the ground (first) floor 一楼
17. the more ,the better 越多越好
18. the number of ….的数目
19. the other + 名词 别的
20. the other day 前几天
21. the other week 前几周
22. the other(s) 另一个(其他的.)
23. the top of a mountain 山顶
24. the meaning of ….……的含义
25. the Children’s Palace 少年宫
1. have a field trip 进行野外旅行
2. have a good journey 旅途愉快
3. have a good time 玩得很高兴，过得很愉快
4. have a good trip 一路顺风
5. have a hard time 过得困难
6. have a look (at ) 看一看=look at
7. have a match 比赛
8. have a meeting 开会
9. have a rest 休息
10. have a swim 游泳
11. have a talk 谈话
12. have a test 测验
13. have a try 努力，尝试
14. have a walk 散步
15. have a wash 洗(手，脸)
16. have been to 曾经去了(现已回来了)
17. have gone to已经去(现还没回来)
18. have breakfast / lunch/ supper 吃早/ 午/ 晚饭
19. have got = have 有
20. have lessons (classes ) 上课
21. have no idea / don’t know 不知道
22. have some medicine 吃药
23. have sports 进行体育运动
24. have sth. with sb. 把某物带在某人身边
25. have to + 动词原形 不得不，必须
1. the football match 足球赛
2. the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂
3. the Himalaya Mountains 喜马拉雅山
4. the Palace Museum 故宫博物馆
5. the Summer Palace 颐和园
6. the day after tomorrow 后天
7. the day before yesterday 前天
8. the next morning 第二天早上
9. the year of horse 马年
10. think about 考虑
11. think of 就…思考，考虑…., 认为
12. thousands of 成千上万的
13. this afternoon 今天下午
14. this morning 今天早上
15. this time 这次
16. this year 今年，本年度
17. this way 这种方法，这条路;请走这边
18. through about 乱丢，抛散
19. tomorrow morning 明天早上
20. too… to 太… 以致不能
21. to one’s surprise 令人惊呀的是
22. traffic light 交通灯，红绿灯
23. trip over (被…..)拌到
24. try out 试验，尝试
25. try on 试穿，试试看
super阿狸
动词的时态一． 一般现在时1． 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。I often take a bus to school.2.表示客观事实或普遍真理。The earth is round.3.当主句为一般将来时时，在以if,as,soon,as,until,when等引导的时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。When I grow up, I will go to Amerca.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we will go to the zoo.4.在某些以here,there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。There goes the bell.5.与一般现在时连用的时间状语表示频度的副词：always,often,usually,sometimes等。on Sunday, on Monday afternoon, every day, in the morning, every year等时间状语。once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的时间状语。二．一般过去时1.表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。We visited a farm last Sunday.2. 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。（过去常常作某事也可用used to do sth.）When I was in the countryside, I used to swim in the river.3. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1990, in the past, in the other dat, at that time, just now.三．一般将来时1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Saturday, in+一段时间等。Will you be back in two days.2.be going to+动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的并很可能发生的事。What are you going to do next Sunday?Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.3.下面几种情况只用will不用be going toa. 表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。Will you please lend me your bike?b.表示带有意愿色彩的时候。We will help him if he asks us.c.表示客观性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning.四． 现在进行时1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。The students are working on the farm these days.3. 用现在进行时表示将来。常用这种结构的动词有:go, come, leave, stay, start, begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。We are leaving for Shanghai.The bus is coming soon.4. 当时间状语为now, these days等或当句子中含有look, listen, can you see, can’t you see 之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时。注意：下列这些动词一般不能用现在进行时。1. 表示感觉的动词，如：see, hear等2. 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如：like, love, hate3. 表示希望的动词，如：want, would like4. 表示状态的动词，如：be5. 表示归属的动词，如：have6. 表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词，如：know, think, forget五． 现在完成时1. 表示发生在过去的或已经完成的对现在仍然有影响的动作。I have lost my key.I have already seen the film.2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，并持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用。表示持续的动作或状态多用延续性动词。Mr Zhang has taught English for 20 years.3．几个副词在现在完成时中的用法。a. just 意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。He has just come back from America.b. ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间。Have you ever been to London.c. never意为“从来没有”，常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。d. before 意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时候，总是放在句末，不受句型的局限。I have never heard of this singer before.e. since+时间点，for+时间段。4.延续性动词和终止性动词的用法a.现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时也应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。我离开家乡已有10年了。误：I have left my hometown for 10 years.正：I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.b.在否定句中，终止性动词可与一段时间连用。c.用句型“it is +一段时间+since从句终止性动词 延续性动词buy haveborrow keepopen be openclose be closebegin/start be oncome be herego be therefinish be overdie be deadcatch a cold have a coldput on wearget up be upwake up be awakefall asleep be asleeplose not havejoin be inleave be awayarrive/reach be六． 过去进行时1. 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语如：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等连用，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。I was reading when mother came in.2.过去进行时常与always和时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。Jack was always changing his mind.3.注意含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用：a. 主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。b. 从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。c. 若主句、从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系（即同时发生）或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。注意：以上情况，若动词为表示动作的瞬间动词时，一般都应用一般过去时，而不用过去时。Luckily, when I went to see him,he was at home.4.go, come, leave, arrive, start等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。七．过去完成时是指到过去某个时间为止已经完成的动作或状态。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by last week, by the end of last year.八．过去将来时1.表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中，有“would+动词原形“构成。He asked when the meeting would start.2. 用“was/ware going to+动词原形”所表示的过去将来时，表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作。He was going to start a new job when I saw him then.被动语态一． 被动语态的构成极其用法（一） 被动语态的构成时态 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done we clean the classroom the classroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时 did was/were+done he made the kite. the kite was made by him.现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being done she is watering flowers. flowers are being watered by her.现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been done Jim has finished the work. the work has been finished by them tomorrow.一般将来时 will/shall/be going to+ do will/shall/be going to +be done they will plant trees tomorrow. trees will be planted by them tomorrow.过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being+done she was writing a letter this time yesterday. a letter was being written by her this time yesterday.过去完成时 had+done had+been done Jim had finished the work. the work had been finished by Jim.过去将来时 would/should/be(was, were) going to+do would/should/be(was, were) going to+be done he said he would make a kite. he said a kite would be made by him.含有情态动动词 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be done I can find him he can be found by me.（二） 被动语态的用法被动语态中的主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：1. 不知道动作的执行者是睡。The window was broken yesterday.2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Many tall buildings in our city every year.3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。English is taught in our school.4. 动作的发出者不是人。Most of the houses were destroyed in the earthquake.二． 主动语态和被动语态在转换（一） 主动语态变被动语态1. 要将主动句里的宾语成分变成被动句中的主语成分，若主动句句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变主格。2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变成宾格，并由by引导。3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。We asked him to sing an English song.He was asked to sing an English song by us.(二)被动语态后动词原形的选择主动句中的感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等以及使役动词let, make, have等，动词后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to.The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.The workers were made to work twelve hours a day by the boss.We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening. 练习：We play basketball after school every day.__________________________________.The students have finished their homework.___________________________________Jack wanted the flowers yesterday________________________________（三）have been to, have gone to和have been inhave been to表示“曾去过某地”，说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方，总之，现在已不在该地。Have gone to表示“已去了某地”，说话时不在说话地点或在去该地的途中，或已到了该地，总之，现在还未回来。Have been in表示“已在该地（待了多久）”，若表示“已在小地方多久”，in需用at代替，若后面跟副词时只用have been，不需要任何介词。Jim has gone to New York with his family.Have you ever been to New York?The Greens have been in New York for three years.Mr Li has been at this school for ten years.
