午夜的咖啡香
global warming, the gradual increase of the temperature of the earth's lower atmosphere as a result of the increase in greenhouse gases since the Industrial Revolution. The temperature of the atmosphere near the earth's surface is warmed through a natural process called the greenhouse effect. Visible, shortwave light comes from the sun to the earth, passing unimpeded through a blanket of thermal, or greenhouse, gases composed largely of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Infrared radiation reflects off the planet's surface toward space but does not easily pass through the thermal blanket. Some of it is trapped and reflected downward, keeping the planet at an average temperature suitable to life, about 60°F (16°C). Growth in industry, agriculture, and transportation since the Industrial Revolution has produced additional quantities of the natural greenhouse gases plus chlorofluorocarbons and other gases, augmenting the thermal blanket. It is generally accepted that this increase in the quantity of greenhouse gases is trapping more heat and increasing global temperatures, making a process that has been beneficial to life potentially disruptive and harmful. During the past century, the atmospheric temperature has risen 1.1°F (0.6°C), and sea level has risen several inches. Some projected, longer-term results of global warming include melting of polar ice, with a resulting rise in sea level and coastal flooding; disruption of drinking water supplies dependent on snow melts; profound changes in agriculture due to climate change; extinction of species as ecological niches disappear; more frequent tropical storms; and an increased incidence of tropical diseases. Among factors that may be contributing to global warming are the burning of coal and petroleum products (sources of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone); deforestation, which increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; methane gas released in animal waste; and increased cattle production, which contributes to deforestation, methane production, and use of fossil fuels. Much of the debate surrounding global warming has centered on the accuracy of scientific predictions concerning future warming. To predict global climatic trends, climatologists accumulate large historical databases and use them to create computerized models that simulate the earth's climate. The validity of these models has been a subject of controversy. Skeptics say that the climate is too complicated to be accurately modeled, and that there are too many unknowns. Some also question whether the observed climate changes might simply represent normal fluctuations in global temperature. Nonetheless, for some time there has been general agreement that at least part of the observed warming is the result of human activity, and that the problem needs to be addressed. In 1992, at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, over 150 nations signed a binding declaration on the need to reduce global warming. In 1994, however, a UN scientific advisory panel, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, concluded that reductions beyond those envisioned by the treaty would be needed to avoid global warming. The following year, the advisory panel forecast a rise in global temperature of from 1.44 to 6.3°F (0.8–3.5°C) by 2100 if no action is taken to cut down on the production of greenhouse gases, and a rise of from 1 to 3.6°F (0.5–2°C) even if action is taken (because of already released gases that will persist in the atmosphere). A UN Conference on Climate Change, held in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997 resulted in an international agreement to fight global warming, which called for reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases by industrialized nations. Not all industrial countries, however, immediately signed or ratified the accord. In 2001 the G. W. Bush administration announced it would abandon the Kyoto Protocol; because the United States produces about one quarter of the world's greenhouse gases, this was regarded as a severe blow to the effort to slow global warming. Despite the American move, most other nations agreed later in the year (in Bonn, Germany, and in Marrakech, Morocco) on the details necessary to convert the agreement into a binding international treaty, which came into force in 2005 after ratification by more than 125 nations. Improved automobile mileage, reforestation projects, energy efficiency in construction, and national support for mass transit are among relatively simpler adjustments that could significantly lower U.S. production of greenhouse gases. More aggressive adjustments include a gradual worldwide shift away from the use of fossil fuels, the elimination of chlorofluorocarbons, and the slowing of deforestation by restructuring the economies of developing nations. In 2002 the Bush administration proposed several voluntary measures for slowing the increase in, instead of reducing, emissions of greenhouses gases.
cafa晓晓
1. Dramatic increase in the population factor is the dramatic increase in population in recent years leading to global warming one of the main factors. Besides, it has also seriously Adversity rib natural balance between ecological environment. So much of the population, only their annual emissions of carbon dioxide will be a staggering figure, and the results will direct derivative of the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere continued to increase, this form of carbon dioxide "greenhouse effect" will be a direct impact on the surface of the Earth climate change. 2. Atmospheric pollution factors Currently, the increasingly serious environmental pollution has posed a major global problem, but also lead to global warming one of the main factors. Now, with regard to the study of global climate change has been clearly pointed out that since the late 1990s from the Earth's surface temperature has started to rise. 3. Marine ecological deterioration factors Currently, sea level change is a constant upward trend, according to experts predicted that the middle of the next century, the sea level could rise 50 cm. And if they do not take measures will lead directly to the destruction of freshwater resources and pollution adverse consequences. In addition, the land-based activities have a large number of establishments toxic chemical wastes and solid wastes discharged into the ocean, and so constantly; occurred in a major Chinese seawater (leakage) as well as oil and other incidents caused by human activities in coastal areas, environmental degradation and so on that led to the destruction of water ecological environment a major factor. 4. Land by erosion, desertification, and other factors destruction 5. Factors sharp decline of forest resources in the world, due to natural or man-made factors causing forest area is substantially sharp decline. 6. Factors acid rain acid rain harm to the ecological environment has been the impact brought about by more and more world attention. Acid rain can damage forests, acid lakes, threaten biological. At present, the world of acid rain and more concentrated in Europe and North America, acid rain occurred in most developed countries, some developing countries, acid rain is also growing rapidly and development. 7. Accelerate the extinction of species on Earth biological factors is a valuable human resources, and biodiversity is mankind's survival and development. But now the biological species on Earth are being lost at unprecedented rates. 8. Water pollution factors According to the Global Environment Monitoring System show that the water quality monitoring project, the world about 10% of the water pollution monitoring, in this century, human beings are the sharp increase in water consumption, water pollution and the scale is constantly expanding, fresh water on the formation and the need for the one pair of contradictions. Clearly, the treatment of water pollution is very urgent and important. 9. Toxic waste pollution factors growing toxic chemicals not only for the survival of mankind pose a serious threat, but also for the ecological environment of the Earth's surface will also bring harm.
舟舟的食儿
全球气候变暖是一种“自然现象”。由于人们焚烧化石矿物以生成能量或砍伐森林并将其焚烧时产生的二氧化碳等多种温室气体，由于这些温室气体对来自太阳辐射的可见光具有高度的透过性，而对地球反射出来的长波辐射具有高度的吸收性，能强烈吸收地面辐射中的红外线,也就是常说的“温室效应”，导致全球气候变暖。全球变暖的后果，会使全球降水量重新分配，冰川和冻土消融，海平面上升等，既危害自然生态系统的平衡，更威胁人类的食物供应和居住环境。 Global warming is a kind of "natural phenomenon". Because people burning of fossil to produce energy or mineral and the deforestation carbon dioxide from the burning of when greenhouse gas, because these greenhouse gases to the radiation from the sun highly visible through sex, and reflected on earth the highly longwave radiation absorption sex, can strongly absorbed the infrared radiation, ground is often say "greenhouse effect", causing global warming. The consequences of global warming, will cause the global to redistribution of rainfall, glaciers and permafrost melt, sea levels rising, which affects the balance of eco-system, more threatening human food supply and living environment.
善良哒小虾米
全球变暖是指全球气温升高。近100多年来，全球平均气温经历了冷－暖－冷－暖两次波动，总的看为上升趋势。进入八十年代后，全球气温明显上升。1981～1990年全球平均气温比100年前上升了0.48℃。导致全球变暖的主要原因是人类在近一个世纪以来大量使用矿物燃料（如煤、石油等），排放出大量的CO2等多种温室气体。由于这些温室气体对来自太阳辐射的可见光具有高度的透过性，而对地球反射出来的长波辐射具有高度的吸收性，也就是常说的“温室效应”，导致全球气候变暖。出现全球变暖趋势的具体原因是，人们焚烧化石矿物以生成能量或砍伐森林并将其焚烧时产生的二氧化碳进入了地球的大气层。政府间气候变化问题小组根据气候模型预测，到2100年为止，全球气温估计将上升大约1.4-5.8摄氏度(2.5-10.4华氏度)。根据这一预测，全球气温将出现过去10,000年中从未有过的巨大变化，从而给全球环境带来潜在的重大影响。为了阻止全球变暖趋势，1992年联合国专门制订了《联合国气候变化框架公约》，该公约于同年在巴西城市里约热内卢签署生效。依据该公约，发达国家同意在2000年之前将他们释放到大气层的二氧化碳及其它“温室气体”的排放量降至1990年时的水平。另外，这些每年的二氧化碳合计排放量占到全球二氧化碳总排放量60%的国家还同意将相关技术和信息转让给发展中国家。发达国家转让给发展中国家的这些技术和信息有助于后者积极应对气候变化带来的各种挑战。截止2004年5月，已有189个国家正式批准了上述公约。
优质英语培训问答知识库
