选举政府英文

"政府换届"英文用the change of administration来说。

1. 执行机构（专属用语，专用于副总统和其手下组成的小组）2. 自Walter Mondale以来的四任总统都被连累的差不多，或者更多。if not more我感觉应该是：如果不是只会更多的意思3. 心愿的单子，fit reality要看前后文了，可能是符合竞选的实际，或者是民情的实际。come november可以直译“到了11月份”4. 原文中说到副总统有三大职能：统领参议员，打破参议院中平手的投票（裁决者的意思），如有意外（死亡，残疾，辞任）代替现任总统。然后还是像之前说的副总统有其专门的执行机构来履行参议院的一些职责。all this就是之前列出的全部：包括副总统的职责，权力的提高，参与的事情增多等等。希望能帮到你

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代表对选民的责任心，可以说是代表的一种政治良心，是民主政治的一个基本思想条件。 现代社会的民主政治体制中，对选民与代表（在议会制的国家中是议员）的关系、选民的政治权力、代表的民主意识等问题，有没有正确的认识，是一个很关键的问题。 我国宪法规定，“中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民”，而行使这个权力的法律机关是人民代表大会。在我国的社会主义民主政治实践中，这是通过选民所享有的政治权利与他们作为整体所能够行使的政治权力来实现的。 从我国宪法的规定看，选民是公民的一部分，即有选举权和被选举权的那部分公民。一般来说，作为个体的选民依法享有参加选举的政治权利，作为整体的选民具有对选举出来的代表进行制约的政治权力。前者就是我国选举法规定的。“选举人对于代表候选人可以投赞成票，可以投反对票，可以另选其他选民，也可以弃权。”这是一种个人行为；后者反映选民与选举出来的代表之间的关系，就是选举法规定：“全国和地方各级人民代表大会的代表，受选民和原选举单位的监督。选民或者选举单位都有权罢免自己选出的代表。”选民行使这种政治权力，是一种集体行为。选民的选举权和对代表的监督、罢免权，结合起来就是我们所说的现代民主政治中人民的政治选择权。 因此，代表应该具有这样的民主政治意识，即自己作为一级权力机关（全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会）的代表，是由选民选举出来的，权力是选民给予的，选民也有权收回这种权力。因此，代表在行使权力的过程中，必须完全对选民负责。能不能做到这一点，是衡量够不够代表资格的根本标准。 每个代表必须对选民负责，并不意味着代表只是一种消极、被动的政治工具，恰恰相反，每个代表都应该充分意识到自己是民主政治中的积极的、自觉的政治主体。人民代表的政治主体意识是履行自己职责的可靠保证。每个代表之所以能够履行自己的职责，是因为他是选民通过合法程序选举出来的，是经过了特定立法机构（如代表资格审查委员会）审查通过的。这种合法性的身份，是代表的政治主体意识的法律根据。 代表的政治主体意识十分重要，它表明，代表作为具有合法身份的政治主体，应该在对选民负责，正确反映选民意见的前提下，独立、自主地进行投票和发表意见，而决不应该随声附和，按其他什么人的眼色行事。否则，他就没有对选民负责，就会失去作为代表的资格。Sense of responsibility on behalf of the voters, it can be said on behalf of a political conscience, is the basic idea of a democratic conditions. Modern society in the democratic political system, and on behalf of the voters (in the parliamentary members of the country is) the relationship between the political power of voters, on behalf of the awareness of such issues as democracy, is there a correct understanding, is a very key issue. China's Constitution stipulates that "all the powers of the People's Republic of China belongs to the people" and the exercise of this power is the legal organ People's Congress. China's socialist democratic politics in practice, it is through the voters of the political rights enjoyed by them as a whole are able to exercise political power to achieve. From the provisions of our Constitution, the voters is part of the citizens, that is, the right to vote and stand for election in that part of the citizens. In general, the voters as individuals enjoy the political rights to participate in the elections, the electorate as a whole has the elected representatives of the political power constraints. The former is the provisions of China's electoral law. "Electoral candidates to be voted for, you can vote against it, you can elect the other voters can abstain from voting." This is a personal act; the latter reflecting the voters and elected representatives of the relationship between that Election Law stipulates: "The national and local levels on behalf of the People's Congress by the voters and the supervision of the units which elected them. electors or electoral units have the right to recall their elected representatives." voters to exercise their political power that is a collective behavior. Voters to vote and on behalf of the supervision, the power of removal, combined with what we call modern democracy in the people's political choice. Therefore, on behalf of such a democracy should have the awareness that their own authority as the level (the National People's Congress and local people's congresses at all levels) representatives elected by the voters, the power is given by the voters, the voters have the right to recovery of such power. Therefore, in the exercise of power on behalf of the process, must be fully responsible to the voters. Can not do this, it is enough to measure the representative of the fundamental criterion for eligibility. Each representative must be responsible to the voters does not mean that the representative is only a negative and passive political tool, on the contrary, each representative should be fully aware that he is active in democratic politics, conscious political subjects. People's awareness of the political subjects to fulfill their duties to ensure the reliable. Each delegate is able to perform their duties, the voters because he is elected through a legal process, and is the result of specific legislative bodies (such as the credentials committee) to review adopted. The legitimacy of the identity of this is the main representative of the political awareness of the legal basis. The main representatives of the political awareness of the importance, it shows that as a legitimate representative of the identity of political subjects, should be responsible to the voters, correctly reflect the views of voters under the premise of independence, self-determination to vote and express their views, and in no way should be echoed later by other What other people by the cue. Otherwise, he would not be responsible to the voters, will lose as a representative of the qualifications. 随着社会主义民主政治的发展和完善，在我国的政治生活中，无论是选民还是代表，民主政治素质都在不断提高，当然，就代表来说，个体的差异毕竟还是存在的，因此还有一个加强民主意识修养的任务。代表对选民的责任心，可以说是代表的一种政治良心，是民主政治的一个基本思想条件。With the development of socialist democracy and improvement in the political life of our country, whether it is or on behalf of voters, democratic politics are constantly improve the quality, of course, on behalf of, the individual differences that exist, after all, so there is an enhanced sense of accomplishment of the tasks of democracy. Sense of responsibility on behalf of the voters, it can be said on behalf of a political conscience, is the basic idea of a democratic conditions.With the development of socialist democracy

1.For the first half of American history, the main job of the vice president was serving as president of the Senate. Then, during the twentieth century, vice presidents became more involved in the activities of the executive branch. 最后的activities of the executive branch的意思是：行政分支，美国政体是三权分立机制：立法、行政、司法三权相互制约。20世纪以来，美国副总统的职责比较以前有什么变化？二战以来，美国副总统是总统的第一继任人选，一旦总统于任内死亡、辞职或被撤职，副总统立刻继任，所以副总统一直也被称为距离总统“只有一个心跳的距离”。在美国史上共有8位副总统因总统死于任内而继任，只有1位（杰拉尔德·福特）是因为总统辞职而继任。因为没有总统被撤职（理查德·尼克松是自己辞职的），所以没有副总统因此继任总统。美国副总统也兼任美国参议院议长之职务。当美国参议院表决结果是平手的时候，参议院议长的投票成为最关键性的一票。2.The four vice presidents since Walter Mondale have had the same level of involvement, the professor says, if not more. The current vice president, Dick Cheney, followed Al Gore, Dan Quayle and the first George Bush. 其中if not more意思是：if not more level of involvement整段话翻译为：据专业人士透漏，自从沃尔特.蒙代尔以后，美国有四位副总统，都对行政分支实行了同等甚至更高程度的干涉，他们是现任的迪克.切尼，前任的戈尔、丹.奎尔和老布什。3.But no one can meet every need. So, as Professor Goldstein says, candidates start with a wish list, then make changes to fit reality. And this year, one reality is that almost eighteen million people voted for Hillary Clinton. She ran a close race against Barack Obama. Come November, how many of those women and men will vote for John McCain, or not vote at all? This is a question for both nominees as they search for the right man -- or woman -- for their running mate.这其中的wish list的较为通俗的翻译是请愿书，fit reality是在竞选的过程中，让自己的请愿书更符合实际。come November翻译接下来的11月。 4.The Constitution gives the vice president three responsibilities. One is to serve as president of the Senate. Another is to break any tie vote in the Senate. And the third is to replace the president in case of death, disability, removal or resignation.Vice presidents have become president nine times. Eight were the result of a president's death. The ninth was because a president, Richard Nixon, resigned. For the first half of American history, the main job of the vice president was serving as president of the Senate. Then, during the twentieth century, vice presidents became more involved in the activities of the executive branch. Law professor Joel Goldstein at Saint Louis University in Missouri is an expert on the vice presidency. He says a major turning point came in nineteen seventy-seven when Walter Mondale became Democrat Jimmy Carter's vice president. The professor says Walter Mondale had more responsibility than any vice president before him. He had an office near the president in the West Wing of the White House. He held private weekly meetings with the president. And he became one of his top advisers. The four vice presidents since Walter Mondale have had the same level of involvement, the professor says, if not more. The current vice president, Dick Cheney, followed Al Gore, Dan Quayle and the first George Bush. As a result of all this, the job of choosing a vice president has become more important. One thing candidates look for is someone to help balance their own weaknesses. 能不能说一下为什么选择副总统非常重要？因为vice president has three responsibilities. One is to serve as president of the Senate. Another is to break any tie vote in the Senate. And the third is to replace the president in case of death, disability, removal or resignation.副总统有三大职责：出任上议院的首领；在上议院投票出现平局的情况下，投决定性的一票；当在任总统殉职、无能、被撤职或辞职的情况下，出任总统。所以副总统对美国政局非常重要。As a result of all this, the job of choosing a vice president has become more important. 这里的all this 指上面的整段话，就是副总统的职责：1.The Constitution gives the vice president three responsibilities. One is to serve as president of the Senate. Another is to break any tie vote in the Senate. And the third is to replace the president in case of death, disability, removal or resignation.Vice presidents have become president nine times. Eight were the result of a president's death. The ninth was because a president, Richard Nixon, resigned. 2.For the first half of American history, the main job of the vice president was serving as president of the Senate. Then, during the twentieth century, vice presidents became more involved in the activities of the executive branch. Law professor Joel Goldstein at Saint Louis University in Missouri is an expert on the vice presidency. He says a major turning point came in nineteen seventy-seven when Walter Mondale became Democrat Jimmy Carter's vice president. The professor says Walter Mondale had more responsibility than any vice president before him. He had an office near the president in the West Wing of the White House. He held private weekly meetings with the president. And he became one of his top advisers. The four vice presidents since Walter Mondale have had the same level of involvement, the professor says, if not more. The current vice president, Dick Cheney, followed Al Gore, Dan Quayle and the first George Bush.

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