澳大利亚英文介绍

AustraliaAustralia, the largest country in Oceania, lies on the south coast of the Pacific. It covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers. It has a population of over 10 million. Most of its people live in the east of the country by the sea. Canberra,the capital of Australia,is a beautiful city. Sydney is the biggest city in Australia, which has many places of interest. The Opera House is well known all over the world.The 2000 Olympic Games were held in Sydney.澳大利亚澳大利亚是大洋洲最大的国家，位于太平洋南海岸，国土面积760万平方公里，人口超过1 000万，大多数居民居住在东部地区，濒临海洋。首都堪培拉是一座美丽的城市。悉尼是全国最大的城市，有许多名胜，悉尼歌剧院闻名于世。2000年奥运会就是在这里举行的。

Australia: An introduction In land area, Australia is the sixth largest nation after Russia, Canada, China, the United States of America and Brazil. It has, however, a relatively small population. Australia is the only nation to govern an entire continent and its outlying islands. The mainland is the largest island and the smallest, flattest continent on Earth. It lies between 10° and 39° South latitude. The highest point on the mainland, Mount Kosciuszko, is only 2228 metres. Apart from Antarctica, Australia is the driest continent. Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth. Its interior has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about three-quarters of the land is arid or semi-arid. Its fertile areas are well-watered, however, and these are used very effectively to help feed the world. Sheep and cattle graze in dry country, but care must be taken with the soil. Some grazing land became desert when the long cycles that influence rainfall in Australia turned to drought. The Australian federation consists of six States and two Territories. Most inland borders follow lines of longitude and latitude. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same size as Western Europe. Natural environment Australia has a remarkable diversity of life forms seen nowhere else in the world. Australian plants and animals evolved in isolation from other parts of the world. When the super-continent of Gondwanaland split up about 160 million years ago, Australia joined Antarctica and drifted towards the South Pole, where glaciers formed a barrier between it and other land masses. Over the past 45 million years, Australia has moved away from Antarctica towards the equator and become warmer and more arid. About 35 million years ago, eucalypts began to displace the dense forests of the cool, damp Tertiary era. Today Australian eucalypts account for more than half of all eucalypts found throughout the world. The marsupials native to Australia have a different chromosome structure than mammals in other parts of the world. Typically, they suckle their young in a pouch. Like the eucalypts, marsupials occupied a wide range of ecological niches in Australia. The first kangaroo marsupials seem to have appeared about 15 million years ago. They vary enormously in size and adaptation. A species of tropical kangaroo lives in trees, but most kangaroos are tough, efficient users of dry bush. As the world climate warmed and glaciers melted, oceans gradually rose to their current level and the land bridges to New Guinea and Tasmania were cut. Corals colonised a flooded coastal plain, forming the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland. Ancient plants still grow in the wild. Large 'Antarctic' tree ferns are common in damp, shaded gullies on the south sides of ridges. Cycad palms form an understorey to tall, silvery spotted gums (eucalypts) along the south-east coast. Rare relics from earlier geological eras are found in small, special habitats, such as desert canyons. Pressure on native habitats from agriculture and introduced pests like the fox and rabbit have resulted in extinctions of some native species in the past 200 years. Australia now has a strong scientific and legal framework to deal with these issues. Australians care about their unique environment. History More than 60 000 years before the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples inhabited most areas of the Australian European settlement in 1788. However, there were an estimated 300 000 Indigenous Australians living on the continent. Until recently, Western historians focused on early European contact with the Australian continent during the 16th and 17th centuries. In recent years this approach has been balanced by the recognition that Asian and Oceanic explorers and traders had contact with Indigenous Australian people long before the European expansion into the eastern hemisphere. After the American War of Independence, Britain looked to establish new penal settlements to replace the north Atlantic colonies. The First Fleet of 11 ships with 1500 aboard, half of them convicts, arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788. Sydney grew from that first British penal settlement. Transportation of British convicts to New South Wales ceased in 1840, but continued to Western Australia until 1868. About 160 000 convicts arrived over 80 years. That compares with free settler arrivals as high as 50 000 a year. During the 1850s, settlement was boosted by gold rushes. Scarcity of labour, the vastness of the bush, and new wealth based on farming, mining and trade all contributed to the development of uniquely Australian social institutions and sensibilities. In 1901 the Australian colonies federated to become the Commonwealth of Australia. As in Canada, the British monarch remains the monarch of Australia, which is now an independent, democratic nation with a tradition of religious tolerance and free speech. Immigration Australia's culturally diverse society includes its Indigenous peoples and settlers from countries all around the world. Immigration is an important feature of Australian society. Since 1945, over six million people from 200 countries have come to Australia as new settlers. Migrants have made a major contribution to shaping modern Australia. People born overseas make up almost one quarter of the total population. The federal government sets immigration intake numbers on a yearly basis. Australia's immigration policies are non-discriminatory and all applicants to migrate must meet the same selection criteria. Area and population of Australian States and Territories State/Territory Area in square kilometres (mainland only) Population * State/Terr. Capital Queensland 1 723 936 3.64m Brisbane (1.65m) New South Wales 800 628 6.61m Sydney (4.15m) Australian Capital Territory (Jervis Bay Territory) 2 358 (72) 0.32m Canberra (0.32m) Victoria 227 010 4.82m Melbourne (3.49m) Tasmania 64 519 0.47m Hobart (0.20m) South Australia 978 810 1.51m Adelaide (1.11m) Western Australia 2 526 786 1.90m Perth (1.38m) Northern Territory 1 335 742 0.20m Darwin (0.11m) AUSTRALIA 7 659 861 19.47m 12.41m Sources: area—Auslig; population—Australian Bureau of Statistics * Estimated resident population as at 30 June 2001. Economy Australia has had one of the most outstanding economies of the world in recent years. As a high-growth, low-inflation, low interest rate economy, it is more vibrant than ever before. There is an efficient government sector, a flexible labour market and a very competitive business sector. With its abundant physical resources, Australia has enjoyed a high standard of living since the nineteenth century. It has made a comparatively large investment in social infrastructure, including education, training, health and transport. The Australian workforce has seen many improvements over the last decade, leading to the surge in productivity in the 1990s. The complex and centralised award based industrial relations system has given way to a more decentralised one with many employees working under workplace agreements tailored to meet enterprise needs. Further information Australian Biodiversity National Library of Australia Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs The Australian Government Treasury Further information about other aspects of contemporary Australia

Australia is located on the southern hemisphere. It is the lagest country among oceanian countries. It has the Pacific Ocean to the east and the India Ocean to the west. It has a large number of islands around. The territory is about 769.2 spuare kilometres. It has a population of about 19 million and 74.2% of them are the descendant of English and Irish. The first group of immigrants who came from England arrived there in 1788. Most time of the year, the climate is warmand nice. Most of its population live on the southeast coast. Canberra is the capital of Australia, and Sydney is the biggest city.Australia has profuse natural resouse and developed travle industry. Millions of tourists come here every year.

1.Australia is located in the southern hemisphere. It is the largest country in Oceania. It is on the east of the Pacific Ocean. It is near the India ocean in the West. There are many islands in the vicinity. It is about 7 million 692 thousand square kilometers, the population is about 19 million 200 thousand. About 74.2% of the British and Irish descendants. In 1788, the first British immigrants arrived in Australia.

澳大利亚位于南半球,是大洋洲最大的国家,东临太平洋,西临印度洋,附近有很多岛屿,面积约为769.2万平方公里,人口约1920万.约74.2%为英国和爱尔兰后裔,1788年英国首批移民抵澳。

2.The climate is warm all the year round, and most of the population is concentrated in the southeast coast.The capital is Canberra, Sydney is the largest city.

终年气候温暖,大部分人口集中在东南部海岸。首都为Canberra,悉尼是最大的城市。

3.Australia is rich in natural resources and well-developed tourism, and a large number of tourists come here every year.

澳大利亚自然资源丰富旅游业发达,每年有大量游客来此旅游。

拓展资料：

澳大利亚联邦（英语：Commonwealth of Australia），简称“澳大利亚”（Australia）。其领土面积7692024平方公里，四面环海，是世界上唯一国土覆盖一整个大陆的国家，因此也称“澳洲”。拥有很多独特的动植物和自然景观的澳大利亚，是一个奉行多元文化的移民国家。

澳大利亚（Australia）一词，原意为“南方的大陆”，由拉丁文 terraaustralis （南方的土地）变化而来。欧洲人在17世纪发现这块大陆时，误以为是一块直通南极的陆地，故取名“澳大利亚”。

澳大利亚原为澳大利亚土著的居住地。17世纪初，西班牙、葡萄牙和荷兰人先后抵此。1770年沦为英国殖民地，1901年组成澳大利亚联邦，成为英国的自治领。1931年成为英联邦内的独立国家。

澳大利亚是一个高度发达的资本主义国家，首都为堪培拉。作为南半球经济最发达的国家和全球第12大经济体、全球第四大农产品出口国，其也是多种矿产出口量全球第一的国家，因此被称作“坐在矿车上的国家”。同时，澳大利亚也是世界上放养绵羊数量和出口羊毛最多的国家，也被称为“骑在羊背的国家”。澳大利亚人口高度都市化，近一半国民居住在悉尼和墨尔本两大城市，全国多个城市曾被评为世界上最适宜居住的地方之一。其也是一个体育强国，常年举办全球多项体育盛事。澳大利亚积极参与国际事务，是亚太经合组织的创始成员，也是联合国、20国集团、英联邦、太平洋安全保障条约、经济合作与发展组织及太平洋岛国论坛的成员。

The term Australia, originally intended as the "continent of the South," was derived from the Latin terraaustralis (land of the South). When the Europeans discovered the continent in the 17th century, they mistook it for a land directly across the Antarctic, hence the name "Australia." Australia was originally an Aboriginal settlement in Australia. At the beginning of the 17th century, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands arrived successively. Became a British colony in 1770, in 1901 formed the Commonwealth of Australia, became the British self-government. 1931 became an independent nation within the Commonwealth. Australia is a highly developed capitalist country, the capital of Canberra. As the country with the most developed economy in the southern hemisphere and the 12th largest economy in the world, the world's fourth largest exporter of agricultural products, which is also the number one country with many kinds of mineral exports in the world, [1] is therefore called "sitting in a cart country". At the same time, Australia is also the country that has the largest stocking and exporting of wool in the world. It is also known as "country riding in sheep back". With a highly urbanized population, nearly half of the population lives in Sydney and Melbourne, and many of the country's cities have been voted one of the most livable places in the world. It is also a sports powerhouse, hosting a number of sport events throughout the world. Australia is an active member of the international community and a founding member of APEC. It is also a member of the United Nations, the Group of 20, the Commonwealth, the Pacific Security Treaty, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Pacific Islands Forum. latest news