英语连词专题

连词的功能：连词分为“并列连词”和“从属连词”两大类。并列句中的连词称为并列连词；复合句（包括定语从句、名词从句和状语从句）中的连词统称为从属连词。一般来讲，连接两个分句需要一个连词，多一个分句则需多一个连词。缺少连词或多用连词往往是句法错误的主要原因。汉语中没有连词概念，所以对连词功能的掌握是学好英语句子的关键。状语从句连词：（一）时间状语从句：常见的从属连词有：when, while, since, as, before, after, until, till, as soon as, by the time, every time等。1、when的意思是“当…的时候”，由when引导的从句中的动词可以是延续性动词或非延续性动词。It’s much easier to make friends when you have similar interests. （2013安徽卷）〖常见句型〗（1）be about to do sth 或 be on the point of doing与when 连用；I was about to go to bed when he telephoned to invite me to tea. （2）had done 与when连用；I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel when I heard the steps. （3）was/were doing 与when 连用；Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park when she was bitten on the leg by al lion.（4）when it comes to sth, … 意为“当谈论到……”When it comes to repairing computers, I am a green hand. 〖特殊用法〗 when表示原因或条件的意义：How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen?Why do you apply for the position when you have had such a good one? 2、while的意思是“当……的时候”或“在（一段）时间里”，从句常表示一段时间的动作或状态，主句的动作一般在从句的动作发生的这一段时间里发生，while引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。While he was studying in Zhejiang University, he studied very hard and gained much praise from his classmates and teachers. 3、since引导时间状语从句时的意思是“自从……”。主句中经常使用完成时态，表示从句的动作发生后一直在进行的动作。I have heard a lot of good things about you since I came back from abroad.（2013陕西卷）〖常见句型〗it is … since …That was really a splendid evening. It' s years since I enjoyed myself so much.4、as的意思是“当……的时候”，常可与when或while通用，但它较强调主句和从句的动作或事情同时发生。因此，常作“一面……一面……”解。Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as Father was away in France.as还可用来表示两个相互伴随着发展或变化的状态，其用法无法用其他词来代替，是常见考点。You will grow wiser as you grow older. 随着你年龄的增长, 你会变得更聪明。5、before和after表示主句动作和从句动作发生的先后顺序。You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.（2013湖南卷）He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.〖特殊用法〗（1）before还可以表示“与其…宁可”；He'd die of hunger before he would steal 他宁愿饿死也不愿偷窃。（2）before还可以表示“还没有来得及做……，就……”；Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone.（3）before还可以表示“……时间过去了之后才……”。He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work.〖常见句型〗It will be…before… 句型，意为“要过……时间之后才……”It may be five or six years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.6、until和till 的意思是“直到”，主句的谓语动词经常使用延续性动词，如果是非延续性动词，那么使用否定。A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity until/till he reaches the end of the story. I didn’t leave until my father came back. 〖常见句型〗（1）not until置于句首的倒装句；Not until my father came back did I leave. 我一直等到爸爸回来才离开。（2）It is not until … that…强调句型；It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 7、the moment, the minute, the instant等名词用作连词，意为“一……就……”；immediately, directly, instantly等副词用作连词，意为“一……就……”。as soon as 意为“一……就……”，强调一个动作发生时，另一个动作马上发生。The fans surrounded him the instant Jay came out of the gym after his wonderful performances.I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her. They phoned immediately they reached home. I will phone you as soon as I find the book that you need. 8、the first/second/last time, each time, every time, next time等表示“次数”的短语用作连词。Every time I met that strange gentleman, he would smile to me. Next time you come to my birthday party, please bring your daughter along. The first time I met Mr. Smith, he was doing shopping with his wife.9、by the time引导时间状语从句，表示“到……时候为止”，主句中常用过去完成时态；By the time he was 30, he had ever been to 23 countries.10、no sooner…than 或hardly/scarcely…when引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，经常使用倒装句，主句的时态通常为过去完成时态。No sooner had I come back home than the door bell rang.I had no sooner come back home than the door bell rang.Hardly had he left for Shanghai when his secretary was lost at sea.（二）让步状语从句1、though/although（虽然）, even if/even though（即使）引导的让步状语从句：Though/Although it is small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries （2013天津卷）.He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even if/though he wants to. (2013四川卷)2、as引导的让步从句必须把表语或状语提前，单数可数名词、带定冠词的名词或形容词最高级被提前之后，不能带有冠词。Child as /though he was, he knew a lot about the complex ceremony. Poor as he is, he lives a happy life. Much as I liked the CD, I didn’t buy it. 〖特殊用法〗有时，动词也可以提前，但是从句必须含有助动词或情态动词。Try as he might, he would fail again.3、whether…or…/no matter whether引导让步状语从句意为“不管……都”。Whether you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me. No matter whether you are willing or not, you must finish the work before June. 4、while可以引导的让步状语从句，但必须位于句首，其意义相当于although：While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.5、no matter what/who/when/where/how等引导让步状语从句，表示“不管…”，“无论…”：No matter what you do, you should do it well. One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one’s schedule is in life. （2013辽宁卷） 6、whatever, whoever, whenever, however, wherever等引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what, no matter who, no matter when等。Wherever you go, I will be right here waiting for you. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, however great it is. Whenever I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. （2013山东卷）（三）地点状语从句1、where引导地点状语从句。You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago.2、wherever引导地点状语从句。Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you. 我到什么地方，我都会想你。〖注意〗wherever多数情况下引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where。〖注意〗地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句的区别在于后者带有先行词，而前者没有。Please make a mark where you have questions. 请在你有问题的地方作个记号。（mark并非先行词）Please go over the parts where you have questions. 请复习你有问题的部分。（parts是先行词）（四）比较状语从句1、than引导的比较状语从句，表示“比…更…”。It rains more often in Shanghai than (it does) in Beijing. We should think more of our motherland than (we do)of ourselves. We learn a foreign language much faster than we do our mother tongue2、as…as…或not as/so…as引导的比较状语从句，表示“和…（不）一样”。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe. He spends at least as much time watching TV as he does doing his lessons.3、“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”的结构表示“越…越…”。The more you give to your son, the more he will ask for. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him as much as I did4、A is to B what /as X is to Y 句型，表示A对于B来说就如X对于Y。Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。（五）条件状语从句 1、最常见的引导词if和unless引导条件状语从句：The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.Unless we have enough evidence. we can't win the case.（2013重庆卷）〖注意〗unless是if 的否定式，即：unless＝if not。2、as/so long as 表示“只要”，as/so far as表示“就…而言”。As long as we are still alive, we should learn as much knowledge as possible. As/So far as I know, they live in the same neighborhood.3、on (the) condition that表示“在……条件下”。You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.4、once表示“一旦……”，含有条件和时间的意义。Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.5、in case 引导条件状语从句表示“万一”，“假使”，“若”等含义。In case it rains, the sports meeting will be delayed. 万一下雨，运动会就要延时。〖注意〗该词组也可以引导目的状语从句，表示“以免”，注意区分。6、suppose或supposing表示“假如；假设”，经常用在疑问句中；Suppose/Supposing the lawyer can’t find out more proof, how will he deal with the case?7、provided (that), providing (that)表示“假若；倘若；”You may have the book provided (that) you won’t lend it to others.（六）目的状语从句 1、so that（以便）, in order that（为了），从句中常常使用情态动词，如：can, could, may, might等。Say it louder (so) that everyone can hear you.We'll sit nearer the front so（that）we can hear well.I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early in order that I can have time for a cup of tea.〖注意〗in order that引导的目的状语从句可以放在句首，而so that不可以。2、lest和for fear that均表示“以免、恐怕”。 Quietly the young father stepped into the bedroom for fear that he should wake his baby. I obeyed her lest she should be angry.3、in case 表示“以免、以防……”。I took my driving license with me on holiday, in case I wanted to hire a car.（2013北京卷）Leave your key with a neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day（七）结果状语从句 1、so…that 和 such…that 表示“（太）……以至于……”Pop music is such an important part of society that it has even influenced our language.His plan was so practical that we all agreed to accept it.〖注意〗当名词前有many, much, few, little (少) 修饰时，要用so, 不能用such。She ate so many sweets that she lost her appetite for the dinner. He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. I had so little courage then that I didn’t dare to say “no” to her. 〖常见用法〗可以说：so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数，但是这种结构不能用复数形式。Xiao Wang is so easy-going a boy that he gets on well with all his classmates.2、结果状语从句中so和such置前，则须倒装主句：So sad did the little girl look at the bad news that her parent did not know how to comfort her. Such a hurried decision did he made that almost everyone felt very upset. （八）原因状语从句 1、because 表示直接的，不为听话人所知道的原因，语气强烈，可以使用在强调句中，通常可以用来回答why的问句。 He cannot be at home now, because I just met him in the library. It is because he is ill that he fails to go to school. 2、since和as 意为“因为，既然”，语气弱，其原因是听话人和说话人均知道的。As you are tired, you had better rest.Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing. （2013山东卷）As it is raining heavily, I would stay home rather than go to the movie〖注意〗because, since, as以及并列连词for之间的区别：（1）because一般表示未知的原因或直接的原因，强调别人未知。Because I was ill last Monday, I failed to go to the airport to see you off. （2）since和as引导原因状语从句表示已经知道的事实，这种从句一般只是补充说明问题，真正要强调的是由此引起的后果。Since you have come here from so far away, stay with us for several days. As it suddenly rained, we had no choice but to put off the sports meeting. （3）for是并列连词，不能放在句首，而且经常表示一种推理，表示推测的原因只能用for。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. （4）只有because可以用来回答why的问句和使用在强调句型中。It was because he did not come to the meeting that we failed to make the final decision.3、seeing that意为“因为”，now (that)意为“既然”；Now that/Since she is in charge of this project, she should be here to give instructions. Seeing that my husband had no time to fetch our son, I must go instead. 4、in that表示“因为、在于”；The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.（九）方式状语从句1、as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 You should do as I have told you. 你要按照我告诉你的去做。2、as if/ though引导方式状语从句，意为“好像，似乎”。The old man stood at the door as if (=as though) he were waiting for someone.

1、not only,but also2 both,and3 neither nor4 Although/Though5 and6 and7 or8 such a,that9 didn't ,untill10 so,that11 as soon as12 _,or13 taller than14 as well as15 as fast as16 would ,if17 when,away18 if,need19 not only,but also20 So,was

1. A: Jane is a singer. She is also a dancer.B: Jane is not only a singer but also a dancer.2. A: We should learn from books and we should learn from teachers.B: We should learn both from books and from teachers.3. A: His mother can’t help him with his lessons, and his father can’t, either.B: Neither his mother nor his father can help him with his lessons.4. A: It’s hard work, but I enjoy it.B: Though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.5. A: Men can’t live without air and water.B: Men will die without air or water.6. A: If you stand higher, you will see farther.B: Stand higher, and you will see farther.7. A: If you don’t work harder, you will fail in the exam.B: Work harder, or you won’t pass the exam.8. A: How important the meeting is! I can’t miss it.B: It is such an important meeting that I can’t miss it.9. A: After the mother came back, the boy went to bed.B: The boy didn't go to bed untill his mother came back.10. A: There’re many rabbits there. They can’t kill them all.B: There’re so many rabbits there that they can’t kill them all.11. A: When I get there, I’ll go to see him at once.B: I’ll go to see him as soon as I get there.12. A: You may stay at home. You may also go out with us.(江西B: You may either stay at home or go out with us.13. A: Mary is the tallest girl in her class.(1999福州)B: Mary is taller than any other girl in her class.14. A: Peter draws well. Henry draws well, too.(1999广西)B: Henry draws as well as Peter.15. A: Mary runs faster than my sister.(1999兰州)B: My sister doesn’t run so fast as Mary does.16. A: Uncle Wang finished his work. He went home.B: Uncle Wang didn't go home until he finished his work.17. A: Lucy has been away from the USA for 5 years.(内蒙古B: It’s 5 years that she has been away from the USA.18. A: “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.(甘肃)B: He asked me if the girl needed some help.19. A: Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.B: Mrs. Smith is not only my teacher but also my good friend.20. A: “Nanjing has changed a lot these years.” “That’s right.”B: “Nanjing has changed a lot these years.” “so, it does.”

介词不能单独作 句子 成分，但介词在介词 短语 中是两个实质性结构成分中(介词+名词性词语)的一个;而连词在实质性结构中只起连接作用.何学好英语?我在这里整理了相关资料，快来学习学习吧!

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中考英语重难点语法详解介词和连词

1.介词的功能

介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的 其它 词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：

The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)

The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)

Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)

Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)

2.常用介词的用法辨析

(1)表时间的介词

1)at, in on

表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。

2)since, after

由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：

I haven’t heard from him since last summer.

After five days the boy came back.

3)in, after

in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：

He will be back in two months.

He will arrive after four o’clock.

He returned after a month.

(2)表示地点的介词

1)at, in, on

at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

They arrived at a small village before dark.

There is a big hole in the wall.

The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

2)over, above, on

over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其 反义词 是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：

There is a bridge over the river.

We flew above the clouds.

They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

3)across, through

across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：

The dog ran across the grass.

The boy swam across the river.

They walked through the forest.

I pushed through the crowds.

4) in front of, in the front of

in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：

There are some tall trees in front of the building.

The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

3.介词的固定搭配

介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。

(1)介词与动词的搭配

listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…， 等。

(2)介词与名词的搭配

on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。

(3)介词与形容词的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。

4.连词的功能

用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。

5.并列连词

并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：

(1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。

(2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。

(3)表转折关系的but, while等。

(4)表因果关系的for, so等。

6.从属连词

从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：

(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。

(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。

(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。

(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。

(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。

(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。

(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。

7.常用连词的用法辨析

(1)while, when, as

这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。

1)当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：

As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.

2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：

While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.

3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：

As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.

4)当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：

Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.

She looked behind from time to time as she went

5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：

When he finished his work, he took a short rest.

6)当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：

When John arrived I was cooking lunch.

(2)as, because, since , for

这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。

1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：

I stayed at home because it rained.

---Why aren’t you going?

---Because I don’t want to.

2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：

As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.

Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.

3)for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：

I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.www.zhongkao5.com//

(3)if, whether

if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：

I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.

I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.

在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：

1)引导主语从句时。例如：

Whether he will come to the party is unknown.

2)引导表语从句时。例如：

The question is whether I can pass the exam.

3)在不定式前。例如：

I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.

(4)so…that, such…that

1)so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such…that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：

I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.

It was such a warm day that he went swimming.

2)如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：

He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.

(5)either…or…， neither…nor, not only…but also…

这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，

谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：

Either you or he is wrong.

Neither he nor his children like fish.

Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.

(6)although, but

这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is

over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.

(7)because, so

这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John

was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.

初中英语的八种否定形式

· 01 ·

完全否定英语中的完全否定可以用：

not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, neither...nor, nowhere等表示。

如：

1.Nothing is difficult for him. 没什么难得到他。

2.Mary never has beef. 玛丽从来不吃牛肉。

3.Neither answer is correct. 两种答案都不对。

· 02 ·

部分否定英语中表示“全体”意义的代词, 形容词或副词。

如：all, both, altogether, always, completely, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere, every, everybody, many, often等

与not搭配时，通常表示部分否定，意思是“并非都是”“不完全是”“不是每个都是”等。

如：

1.Not everyone was amused by these April Fool's jokes.

并不是每个人都觉得这些玩笑有趣。

2.Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. 对食物的好恶似乎并不总与营养有关。

比较：

Nothing makes him happy.

(全部否定)没有哪一件事情让他开心。

Not everything makes him happy.

(部分否定)并不是每一件事都让他开心。

None of the students went to visit the science museum last week.(完全否定)上周没有一个学生去参观科技博物馆。

Not all of the students went to visit the science museum last week.(部分否定)上周并不是所有的学生都去参观了科技博物馆。

· 03·

几乎否定一些半否定词表否定之意。他们不可再与否定词连用，他们与谓语肯定式连用，构成几乎否定句。

如：hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, few等词。

如：

1.I could hardly hear what he said.

我几乎没听见他说了什么。

2.There is little water in the bottle, isn't there?

瓶子里几乎没有水，不是吗?

· 04 ·

双重否定双重否定句由【not + 具有否定意义的词】构成，形成“否定+否定=肯定”的语言效果。

双重否定可以表示强调，也可以表示委婉的含义。

如：

1.Her name can't escape me forever.

我永远忘不了她的名字。

2.The songs never fail to make the children smile.

这些歌曲一向都能使孩子微笑。

· 05 ·

转移否定转移否定，即句中的否定虽然出现在谓语部分，否定范围却不在主句谓语动词本身，而转移到了句子中的宾语、状语或其他成分上。这种形式在初中比较常见的有以下两种情况：

1.转移否定多用于表思维活动

如：believe(相信), expect(期望), hope(希望), imagine(想象), think(认为)等。

例如：

I don't think he will pass the exam.

我认为他考试会不及格的。

2.主句的谓语动词是表感觉的系动词，通常也用于转移否定句

这类动词有：seem(好像), feel(感觉), appear(出现), look like(看起来像)等。

如：

It doesn't look like it's going to rain.=It looks like it isn't going to rain. 好象不会下雨。

No matter how hard he studies, he never seems to be able to pass the exam. 不管他多么努力的学习，他似乎永远也考不及格。

· 06 ·

运用某些结构表达否定意义1.too...to 太……而不能

He is too tired to walk. 他太累了，走不动了。

2.more A than B(与其B不如A)或more than +含有can的从句

The young man is more brave than wise.

这年轻人有勇无谋。

The gratitude for your help is more than I can express.

对于你给我的感激之情我无法言表。

3.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿(喜欢)……而不愿……，如：

He prefers to write his letters rather than dictate them.

他喜欢自己写信而不愿口授自己的信。

· 07 ·

运用含否定意义的词或词组表否定意义1.动词短语表否定意义

如：

differ from 与……不同

prefer...to... 喜欢……而不喜欢……

keep/prevent/stop/protect ... from 阻止，使……不

keep off 不接近， 不让……接近

lose sight of 看不见

例如：

The Great Green Wall stops the sand from moving to the rich land in the south.

绿色长城阻止了风沙吹向南方肥沃的田地。

He lost sight of his wife and went away alone.

他没看见他的妻子，独自走了。

Sally prefers singing to dancing.

莎丽喜欢 唱歌 而不喜欢跳舞。

2.动词表否定意义

如，absent(缺席), fail(不及格), refuse(拒绝), miss(未赶上，错过), escape(被……忘掉)等。

例如：

Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?

昨天你为什么不来上学?

He missed the 9:30 train and therefore missed the accident.

他没赶上9:30的那班火车,也因此而逃过那次车祸.

3.介词表否定意义

without(无，没有), against(反对), beyond(超出，无法), except/but(除……外), past(超过), off(离开), above(超出……之外)等。

例如：

I can't finish the work without your help.

没有你的帮助,我完不成这工作。

His conduct has always been above suspicion.

他的行为一直无可置疑。

His stupidity is past all belief.

他的愚蠢简直不可思义。

· 08 ·

运用连词before unless等

引导的状语表否定意义如：

WangWei went to bed before he finished his homework.

王伟没完成作业就睡觉了。

Unless you put on your overcoat, you'll catch a cold.

如果你不穿大衣,你就会感冒。

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