倒装句英语感叹句

倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：一、全部倒装谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装，如：Out came his guest.On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.二、部分倒装助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如：Neither could he see through your plan.So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.Doesn't her invitation appeal to you?第一节 否定词提前倒装否定词用于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装否定词常用的有：Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才), No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/SeldomHardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/LittleNeither/Nor (也不) NwhereAt no time Under no circumstances(决不)On no account (决不)In no way其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装，只有否定词之后的部分倒装如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.Seldom does he travel about.Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中，需填入的是倒装部分，只要在句首见到上述的词，就应条件反射的想到用倒装句 例题：(1) ---- was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid. (A) Not until 1866 (B) Until 1866, just (C) Until 1866 (D) In 1866, not until 答案：A解释：由被动式was laid被名词短语分割开可知, 此句是个部分倒装句, 选项中只有A否定词提前可引导倒装句, 1866应是until的宾语, 故D不对; 此句正常语序应为: The first fully successful transatlantic cable was not finally laid until 1866. (2) Not until 1931 ---- the official anthem of the United States.(A) “The Star-spangled Banner” did become(B) when “The Star-spangled Banner” became (C) did “The Star-spangled Banner” become (D) became “The Star-spangled Banner” 答案：C解释：否定词not放在句首引起部分倒装，只有C符合倒装语序 第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装当句子没有宾语，且主语偏长时，往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首，引起主谓的全部倒装如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast. Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices. Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties. 例题：(1) Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ----, or pronghorn. (A) it is the American antelope (B) the American antelope is (C) is the American antelope (D) the American antelope 答案：C 解释：此句为形容词短语be typical of作表语前置引起的完全倒装句, 空白处缺少的实为倒装的主语和谓语动词, A B未倒装, 可首先排除; D无动词, 也可排除. 此句正常语序应为: The American antelope, or pronghorn, is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent. (2) The glaciers that reached the Pacific Coast were valley glaciers, and between those tongues of ice ----that allowed the original forests to survive. (A) that many sanctuaries were (B) were many sanctuaries (C) were there many sanctuaries (D) there the many sanctuaries 答案：B解释：and是并列句的连接词，逗号前是分句一，and后是分句二. 因分句二中between引导的介词短语提前，空格处需要分句二倒装的主谓语，D无谓语，可先排除；A使原句只有从句无主句; C中there是多余的，只能选B第三节 副词提前倒装副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况：1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been. Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger. Only in the library can she concentrate on her study. 2. often, such, so等副词提前，部分倒装 如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam. =He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam. Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer. 注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也…” California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样 同理，体会一下neither, nor的倒装 He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either. 他不会跳舞，我也不会。 3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前，全部倒装 如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.Here are the photos I took at the seaside. 例题：(1) As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the ABCDenvironment. 答案：D应改为：has解释：逗号后是副词so引起的倒装句，表示同前者相同，倒装的助动词应与前一句一致，也用has (2) Only outside the Earth's atmosphere ---- to attain extremely high velocities. (A) to be safe for a space vessel (B) is it safe for a space vessel (C) for a space vessel to be safe (D) a space vessel to be safe 答案：B解释：副词only引导状语放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装，只有B符合题意第四节 疑问倒装疑问句需部分倒装语序，由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。如：What part did he play in Hamlet? Do you prefer tea or coffee? 例题：(1) Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people----long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.(A) will they live(B) they will be living(C) will live(D) living 答案：C 解释：此句是how many 引导的疑问句, 缺少倒装的谓语部分, 但因主语people已出现在句首疑问词之后, 不需要再进行主谓倒装. A B 中的they是people的重复, 没有必要; D 不能单独作谓语

英语倒装句用法浅析 倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。 倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard. 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class. 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。 一、 表示强调: 倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。 例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。 二、 承上启下 有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。 例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。 例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛 在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如: Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。 再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节: Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow, Descends the snow. 在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。 四、 平衡结构 英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。 1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。 例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。 例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。 从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。 2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。如: Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。 3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如: Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。 五、 使描写生动 有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如: Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。 Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。 Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了! Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响! 以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。 “Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ... “Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens ) 作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。 倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。

全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。theregoesthebell.thencamethechairman.hereisyourletter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。herehecomes.awaytheywent.倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。neverhaveiseensuchaperformance.nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.典型例题1)whycan'tismokehere?atnotime___inthemeeting-rooma.issmokingpermittedb.smokingispermittedc.smokingisitpermittedd.doessmokingpermit答案a.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.2）notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.a.mandidknowb.manknowc.didn'tmanknowd.didmanknow答案d.看到notuntil…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在c，d中选一个。改写为正常语序为，mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。以否定词开头作部分倒装如notonly…butalso,hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…thannotonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.典型例题nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.a.thegamebeganb.hasthegamebegunc.didthegamebegind.hadthegamebegun答案d.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。

倒装句是英语中常见的用法，意在说明被倒转部分的重要性，某些时候也起到强调作用或起到惊叹作用。英语倒装句可分为部分倒转和完全倒转，两种倒装句的用法大庭相径。

用法一：表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首用完全倒装。这种用法的倒转句，常见于口语对话中，英语书面语种较少出现这种用法。例句：here comes the bus(车到这来了)，在这个例句中，主语“the bus”被后置，这就是为了强调车“来”的这一动作。

用法二：表语+连系动词+主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、动词ing形式、过去分词等)。这种用法的完全倒装句可用于口头表达，也可用于书面表达。例句：such are the facts ,no one can deny them(这就是事实，没有人可以否认)，该例句强调事实的重要性。

1/ What_____doing when______into the classroom? A were you, came the teacher B you were, did the reacher came C were you, the teacher came D you were, the teacher come 1.C 因为此句是特殊疑问句，句式是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句+从句（要求陈述句语序）How _____! A were our men fighting bravely B bravely our men fighting C bravely our men were fighting D bravely were our men frghting2.C此句是感叹句，句式是：How+形容词、副词+陈述句！