飞花叶叶雪
>04 ElectricityThe modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electriclights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine whatlife would be like without them. When there is a power failure, peoplegrope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets becausethere are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silentrefrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little morethan two centuriesago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for millions ofyears. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world mayhold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats,it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which adoctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain,too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in anelectroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most livingcells are extremely small -- often so small that sensitive instruments areneeded to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells havebecome so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work asmuscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linkedtogether, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of asmuch as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which itlives. (An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) Asmany as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body arespecialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock itcan deliver corresponds roughly to the length of its body.电 当今时代是电气时代。 人们对电灯、收音机、电视和电话早已司空见惯以致很难想 象没有它们生活会变成什么样。当停电时，人们在摇曳不定的烛光下暗中摸索； 因没有红 绿灯的指示，汽车在道路上迟疑不前；冰箱也停止工作，导致食物变质。人们只是在两个世纪前一点才开始了解电的使用原理，自然界却显然在这方面经历过了数百万年。 科学家不断发现许多生物世界里可能有益于人类的关于电的有趣秘密。所有生物细胞都会发出微小的 电脉冲。当心脏跳动时，把它发出的脉冲记录下来就成了心电图，这可让医生了解心脏的 工作状况。大脑也发出脑电波，这可在脑电图上记录下来。许多生物细胞发出的电流都是 极微小的，小到要用灵敏仪器才能记录和测量。 但一些动物的某些肌肉细胞能转化成一个 个发电机，以致完全失去肌肉细胞的功能。这种细胞大量地连接在一起时产生的效果将是 非常令人吃惊的。电鳗就是一种令人惊异的蓄电池。 它可以在水中发出相当于 800 伏特电压电流(家庭用户的电压只有 120 伏特)。 在电鳗的身体里，多至五分之四的细胞都专门用 来发电，而且发出的电流的强度大约和它身体的长度成正比。>05 The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that dramaevolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In thebeginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world - even theseasonal changes - as unpredictable, and they sought through various meansto control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures whichappeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeateduntil they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose whichexplained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some ritualswere abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and providedmaterial for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that thoserites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks,and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site hadto be provided for performances and when the entire communitydid not participate, a clear division was usually made betweenthe "acting area" and the"auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, sinceconsiderable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in theenactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearingmasks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, orsupernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect -- success in hunt orbattle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun -- as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religiousactivities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest instorytelling. According to this view tales (about the hunt, war, or otherfeats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation,action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of eachof the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theaterto those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or thatare imitations of animal movements and sounds.戏剧的起源 关于古希腊戏剧的起源存在着多种理论，其中一个最普遍为人接受的理论 假设认为戏剧从仪式演化而来。这个观点是这样进行论证的：一开始，人类把世界上的自 然力量，甚至季节的变化都看成是不可预料的。 他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。 那些似乎带来了满意结果的手段就被保留下来并且重复直到这些手段固 化为不变的仪式，最后产生了能够解释或者掩盖这些仪式神秘性的故事。随着时间的推移， 一些仪式被废弃了，但这些后来被称作神话的故事流传下来并且为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人们还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的基本因素，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用，而且，必须为演出提供一个合适的地点；如果不是整个社区共 同参加演出，经常在"演出区"和"观众席"之间划分出明显的分界。另外，仪式中还有演员， 而且宗教领袖通常承担演出任务，因为在仪式的执行中避免错误的发生被认为有相当大的重要性；他们经常带着面具，穿着服装象演员那样扮演其它人、动物或超自然的生灵，用动作来表演以达到所需要的效果，比如打猎的成功或战斗的胜利、将至的雨、太阳的复活。 最 后这些戏剧性的表演从宗教活动中分离了出来。另一个追溯戏剧起源的理论认为它来自人 们对叙述故事的兴趣。 根据这个观点，故事(关于狩猎、战争或者其它伟绩)是逐渐丰富起 来的。首先通过一个讲解人来运用模仿、表演和对话，然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色；另一个与之紧密相关的理论将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈，这些舞蹈大体上是有节奏感的和体操 式的那一类，或者是对动物动作和声音的模仿。
mujiontheway
美文是写得好的精美 文章 ,是顺应时代潮流的优美文字,是时尚和经典的结合,是文学和思想的联姻,是 文化 艺苑中经久不衰的瑰宝。下面是我带来的高中生必背英语美文，欢迎阅读!高中生必背英语美文篇一 给一位青年的忠告advice to a young man Remember, my son, you have to work. Whether you handle a pick or a pen, a wheel-barrow or a set of books, digging ditches or editing a paper, ringing an auction bell or writing funny things, you must work. If you look around you will see the men who are the most able to live the rest of their days without work are the men who work the hardest. Don't be afraid of killing yourself with overwork. It is beyond your power to do that on the sunny side of thirty. They die sometimes, but it is because they quit work at six in the evening, and do not go home until two in the morning. It’s the interval that kills, my son. The work gives you an appetite for your meals; it lends solidity to your slumbers, it gives you a perfect and grateful appreciation of a holiday. 谨记，我的年轻人，你们必须工作.不管你是使锄头还是用笔，也不管是推手推车还是编记账簿，也不管你是种地还是编辑报纸，是拍卖师亦或是作家，都必须有一份工作，并为之努力奋斗.如果仔细观察周围的人，你就会发现，那些工作最努力的人最有可能安享晚年而无须去工作.不要害怕超负荷的工作会缩短你的寿命，不足三十岁的年龄，你的承受能力远不止如此.如果说真的有人过早送命，那完全是因为他们在晚上六点结束工作，却要在外流连到凌晨两点才归家.我的年轻人，正是晚上六点到凌晨两点的这段时间的生活毁了他们自己.工作会增加你的食欲，工作会使你安然入睡，工作将会使你心满意足地享受假日. There are young men who do not work, but the world is not proud of them. It does not know their names, even it simply speaks of them as “old So-and-So’s boy”. Nobody likes them; the great, busy world doesn’t know that they are there. So find out what you want to be and do, and take off your coat and make a dust in the world. The busier you are, the less harm you will be apt to get into, the sweeter will be your sleep, the brighter and happier your holidays, and the better satisfied will the world be with you. 有的年轻人不工作，但世界并不会因他们自豪。它不知道他们的姓名，甚至简单地将他们概括为“老令人讨厌者的男孩 ” 。没有人喜欢他们;伟大，繁忙的世界不知道他们在那里。因此，找出哪些你想成为和做的，脱下你的外衣，把粉尘抛在世界上。越是繁忙的你越是少受伤害，甜蜜将成为您的睡眠，光明和幸福着您的假期，更好地满足你的意志世界。 高中生必背英语美文篇二 青春Youth Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 青春不是年华，而是心境;青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情;青春是生命的深泉在涌流。 Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20.Nobody grows old merely by a number of years.We grow old by deserting our ideals. 青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。 Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. 岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤;热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。 Whether 60 or 16, there is in every being’s heart the lure of wonder,the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living.In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young. 无论年届花甲，拟或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻，风华常存。 When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch the waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80. 一旦天线下降，锐气便被冰雪覆盖，玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生，即使年方二十，实已垂垂老矣;然则只要树起天线，捕捉乐观信号，你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉年轻。 高中生必背英语美文篇三 两种时间观念Two views of times Imagine that you spent your whole life at a single house.Each day of the same hour you entered an artificially-lit room,undressed and took up the same positioning in front of a motion picture camera.It photographed one frame of you per day,every day of your life. On your seventy-second birthday,the reel of film was shown.You saw yourself growing and aging over seventy-two years in less than half an hour(27.4minutes at sixteen frames per second). Images of this sort ,though terrifying, are helpful in suggesting unfamiliar but useful perspectives of time. They may ,for example ,symbolize the telescoped ,almost momentary charater of the past as seen through the eyes of an anxious or disaffected individual. Or they may suggest the remarkable brevity of our lifes in the cosmic scale of time. If the estimated age of the cosmos were shorted to seventy-two years, a human life would take about ten seconds. 设想你在同一间房子里度过了一生。每天在同一时刻，你进入一间人工照明的房间，脱去衣服，在摄影机前摆同一姿势。在你一生所有的日子里，摄影机每天给你拍下一个镜头。在你72岁生日那天，放映这部影片。不到半个小时(每秒16个镜头，总共27.4分钟)，你就看完了自己在72年里的“兴衰”。这样的图像尽管让人惧怕，却能向我们说明那陌生而有用的时间概念。比方说，它们可能象征着转瞬即逝的过去的缩影，如同在一个忧心忡忡或愤愤不平的人眼中所见的那样。或者它们可能说明了在宇宙的时间里，我们生命的异常短暂。如果将宇宙的估计年龄缩短到72年，人的一生可能只有10秒钟。 But look at time the other way. Each day is a minor eternity of over 86000 seconds. During each second, the number of distinct molecular functions going on within the human body is comparable to the mumber of seconds in the estimated age of the cosmos, A few seconds are long enough for a revolutionary idea, a startling communication, a baby's conception, a wounding insult, a sudden death. Depending on how we think of them, our lives can be infinitely long or infinitely short. 但是从另一个角度看时间，每天都有86, 000多秒的小永恒。每一秒钟，人体内所进行的不同的分子作用的次数可与宇宙估计年龄中的秒钟数相比。几秒钟的时间已足够酝酿一场革命、进行一次惊人的沟通、孕育一个婴孩、制造一次伤人的侮辱、造成一起突然死亡事件。我们的寿命可以是无限长久，也可以是权其短暂，这取决于我们怎么看待这一切。
猎户座HS
散文 ,是文学王国里的奇葩,它以形式的自由,题材的多样,内容的丰富而极富艺术魅力,具有独特的审美特质,因而被誉为美文。下面是我带来的高中英语必背经典美文，欢迎阅读!高中英语必背经典美文篇一 When You are Old by W.B YEATS 当你年老时，叶芝 When you are old and grey and full of sleep, 当你年老，鬓斑，睡意昏沉， And nodding by the fire, take down this book, 在炉旁打盹时，取下这本书， And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep; 慢慢诵读，梦忆从前你双眸，神色柔和，眼波中倒影深深; How many loved your moments of glad grace, 多少人爱你风韵妩媚的时光， And loved your beauty with love false or true, 爱你的美丽出自假意或真情， But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you, 但唯有一人爱你灵魂的至诚， And loved the sorrows of your changing face; 爱你渐衰的脸上愁苦的风霜; And bending down beside the glowing bars, 弯下身子，在炽红的壁炉边， Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled 忧伤地低诉，爱神如何逃走， And paced upon the mountains overhead 在头顶上的群山巅漫步闲游， And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 把他的面孔隐没在繁星中间。 高中英语必背经典美文篇二 Elegy 9 by Ovid, translated by Christopher Marlowe Yet should I curse a god, if he but said, Live without love, so sweet ill is a maid. For when my loathing it of heat deprives me, I know not whether my mind's whirlwind drives me. Even as a headstrong courser bears away, His rider vainly striving him to stay, Or as a sudden gale thrusts into sea, The haven touching bark now near the lea, So wavering Cupid brings me back amain, And purple Love resumes his darts again. Strike boy, I offer thee my naked breast, Here thou hast strength, here thy right hand doth rest. Here of themselves thy shafts come, as if shot, Better then I their quiver knows them not. Hapless is he that all the night lies quiet and slumb'ring, thinks himself much blessed by it. Fool, what is sleep but image of cold death, Long shalt thou rest when Fates expire thy breath. But me let crafty damsels words deceive, Great joys by hope I inly shall conceive. Now let her flatter me, now chide me hard, Let me enjoy her oft, oft be debarr'd. Cupid by thee, Mars in great doubt doth trample, And thy step-father fights by thy example. Light art thou, and more windy then thy wings, Joys with uncertain faith thou tak'st and brings. Yet Love, if thou with thy fair mother hear , Within my breast no desert empire bear. Subdue the wandring wenches to thy reign, So of both people shalt thou homage gain. 高中英语必背经典美文篇三 the price of a miracle 奇迹的价格 Tess was a precocious eight-year-old girl when she heard her Mom and Dad talking about her little brother, Andrew. 听爸爸妈妈谈起小弟安德鲁的事情时，苔丝已是一个早熟的8岁小女孩。 All she knew was that he was very sick and they were completely out of money. 她只知道弟弟病得很厉害，父母却无钱给他医治。 奇迹的价格.jpg They were moving to an apartment complex next month because Daddy didn't have the money for the doctor's bills and our house. 下个月他们要搬到一个公寓房，因为爸爸已经无力支付医药费和我们的房款。 Only a very costly surgery could save him now and it was looking like there was no-one to loan them the money. “现在唯一可以救他的办法就是做手术，但手术费用非常昂贵，没有人肯借钱给我们。” She heard Daddy say to her tearful Mother with whispered desperation, “Only a miracle can save him now.” 她听到爸爸对满含泪水的妈妈低声而绝望地说：“现在只有奇迹可以救他了。” Tess went to her bedroom and pulled a glass jelly jar from its hiding place in the closet. 苔丝回到房间，从壁橱一个隐藏的地方拿出一个玻璃瓶子， She poured all the change out on the floor and counted it carefully. Three times, even. The total had to be exactly perfect. No chance here for mistakes. 把里面所有的零钱倒在地上并仔细数了3次，直到确定无误。 Carefully placing the coins back in the jar and twisting on the cap, 她仔细地把硬币放回瓶子并把盖子拧好 she slipped out the back door and made her way 6 blocks to Rexall's Drug Store with the big red Indian Chief sign above the door. 悄悄地从后门溜出去，穿过六条街区，来到门上有红色印地安语大标志的Rexall药店。 She waited patiently for the pharmacist to give her some attention but he was too busy at this moment. 她耐心地等待着药剂师，可是药剂师非常忙，并没有注意她。 Tess twisted her feet to make a noise. Nothing. She cleared her throat with the most disgusting sound she could muster. No good. 她耐心地等待着药剂师，可是药剂师非常忙，并没有注意她。 Finally she took a quarter from her jar and banged it on the glass counter. That did it! 最后，她从瓶子里拿出个2角5分的硬币摔在玻璃柜台上，弄出清脆的响声。成功了! “And what do you want?” the pharmacist asked in an annoyed tone of voice. “你需要点什么?”药剂师不耐烦地问， “I'm talking to my brother from Chicago whom I haven't seen in ages, “he said without waiting for a reply to his question.” “我要去接我的弟弟，他从芝加哥来，我们很多年没见了。”他没等苔丝说话就接着说起来。 “Well, I want to talk to you about my brother,” Tess answered back in the same annoyed tone. “He's really, really sick... and I want to buy a miracle.” “我要去接我的弟弟，他从芝加哥来，我们很多年没见了。”他没等苔丝说话就接着说起来。 “I beg your pardon?” said the pharmacist. “你说什么?”药剂师问到， “His name is Andrew and he has something bad growing inside his head and my Daddy says only a miracle can save him now. So how much does a miracle cost?” “他叫安德鲁，他病得很厉害，爸爸说现在只有奇迹能救他。所以，请问奇迹多少钱?” “We don't sell miracles here, little girl. I'm sorry but I can't help you,” the pharmacist said, softening a little. “我们这里不卖奇迹，小女孩，很抱歉不能帮助你，”药剂师稍带温和地说。 “Listen, I have the money to pay for it. If it isn't enough, I will get the rest. Just tell me how much it costs.” “听着，我有很多钱，如果这里的不够，我就回去取剩下的，请告诉我奇迹多少钱?”
优质英语培训问答知识库
