princefrank
初中英语是一门基础学科,下面总结了初二英语重点语法知识点,希望能够给大家的英语学习提供帮助。
一、不用疑问词,但需要用yes或no回答的疑问句,叫一般疑问句。句末用问号“?”。
一般疑问句的基本用法及结构一般疑问句用于对某一情况提出疑问,通常可用yes和no来回答,读时用升调。其基本结构是“be / have / 助动词+主语+谓语(表语)”:
Is he interested in going? 他有兴趣去吗?
Have you ever been to Japan? 你到过日本吗?
Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒吗?
Did you ask her which to buy? 你问没问她该买哪一个?
二、陈述句变一般疑问句的方法
1. 动词be的疑问式:动词be根据不同的时态和人称可以有am, is, are, was, were等不同形式,可用作连系动词(表示“是”、“在”等)和助动词(用于构成进行时态和被动语态等),但不管何种情况,构成疑问式时,一律将动词be的适当形式置于句首:句型:Be动词+主语~?
Is your father angry?你父亲生气了吗?
Yes,he is.是的,他生气了。
No,he isn't.不,他没生气。
Were the babies crying last night?(进行时)
昨天晚上这些孩子们一直在哭吗?
Yes,they were.是的,他们在哭。
No,they weren't.不,他们没哭。
Is English spoken all over the world?(被动语态)
全世界都说英语吗?
Yes,it is.是的。
No,it isn't.不。
2. 动词have的疑问式:动词have根据不同的时态和人称可以有have, has, had等形式,可以用作实意动词和助动词,分以下情况讨论:
① 用作实意动词表示状态,如表示拥有、患病或用于have to表示“必须”等,在构成构成式时可以直接将have, has, had置于句首,也可根据情况在句首使用do, does, did:
Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么话要说吗?
Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必须这么早走吗?
Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他当时有朋友吗?
② 用作实意动词表示动作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等,构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首,而应在句首使用do, does, did:
Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐吗?
Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚会上玩得高兴吗?
③ 完成时的一般疑问句
句型:Have(Has)+主语+动词的过去分词+~?
Have you known her since your childhood?
你从童年就认识她吗?
Yes,I have.是的。
No,I haven't.不。
过去完成时的一般疑问句
句型:Had +主语+动词的过去分词+~?
Had he learned about two thousand English
words before he came here?
他来这里以前就已经学了大约两千个单词了吗?
Yes,he had.是的。
No,he hadn't.不。
3. 情态动词的疑问式:情态动词的疑问式通常是将情态动词置于句首:
句型:情态动词+主语+动词原形~?
Can you bring me some apples?
你能给我拿来些苹果吗?
Yes,I can.是的,可以。
No,I can't.不,不可以。
Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?
Must I finish the work at once? 我必须马上完成工作吗?
4. 实意动词的疑问式:一般实意动词的疑问式,通常应根据不同时态和人称在句首加助动词do, does, did等:
句型:Do(Does,Did)+主语+动词原形~?
Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上学吗?
Does the boy like dancing? 这男孩喜欢唱歌吗?
Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看了这部电影吗?
Did he do morning exercises yesterday?
昨天他做早操了吗?
Yes,he did.是的,他做了。
No,he didn't.不,他没做。
用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握特殊疑问句,我们把疑问词分为三类:
疑问代词:what,who,Which,whose,whom
疑问副词:when,where,why,how
疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词
一、疑问代词的用法
1.what引导的疑问句
此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。
a.对主语提问
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
这个问题可以有两种回答:
a:There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一个蛋。
b:An egg is(in it).
一个蛋(在里面)。
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。
b.对宾语提问
What did you buy?你买了什么?
c.对表语提问
What is this?这是什么?
It's a bench.这是一条长凳。
What is your mother?你妈妈是干什么的?
2.Who,whom,whose引导的疑问句
此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。
Who broke the window?(对主语提问)
谁打破了窗户?
who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who可以代替whom。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(对表语提问)
那个女人是谁?
She is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)
或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)
二、疑问形容词的用法
what,which,whose后面跟上名词时,这三个疑问词起形容词作用。
What sports do you like?(对宾语提问)
你喜欢什么运动?
I like basketball.我喜欢篮球。
Whose pens are these?(对表语提问)
这些是谁的钢笔?
They are Li Ming's.这些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(对主语提问)
两年前谁的父亲死了?
Which picture did you take?(对宾语提问)
哪一张照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右边的那一张是我拍的。
三、疑问副词的用法
句型:疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序~?
(疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)
1.when引导的疑问句:询问时间
When were you born?你何时出生?
(I was born)on June 5,1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的。
1.是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
2.副词的分类
(1)时间频率副词
now,then,often,always,usually,next,lastday,already,ever,never等。
(2)地点副词
ere, there, everywhere, anywhere,somewhere, in, out, inside, outside等。
(3)方式副词
carefully, properly,warmly ,slowly,badly,bravely等。
(4)疑问副词
how, when, where, why等。
(5)关系副词
when, where, why等。
1.“主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)
2.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)
3.“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)
4.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)
5.“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)
常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste,等。
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初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级下册考点扫描
1. 不定代词/副词的运用;
2. 反身代词的用法;
3. 并列句;
4. 形容词和副词的比较等级;
5. 冠词的用法;
6. 动词的过去进行时;
初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级上册中考范例
搜集整理《初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级上册中考范例》供大家参考学习!
1. (2004年烟台市中考试题)
In the exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll make.
A. carefully, little B. more carefully, fewest C. more careful, fewer D. more careful, less
【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词careful的比较级,因为它在句中作表语,第二个空应填few的比较级,因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。
2. (2004年河北省中考试题)
Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful B. as carefully as C. carefully D. as careful as
【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词,因为它修饰的是动词does。该题用的是not as+副词+as的结构,所以答案应是B。
3. (2004年重庆市中考试题)
That day I saw some parents _________ at the back of the classroom, ________ to the teacher.
A. sitting, listened B. sat, listened C. sitting, listening D. sat, listening
【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是see sb. doing sth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空stting在句中作saw的宾语补足语,第二个空listening做伴随状语。
4. (2004年杭州市中考试题)
You ________ open the door before the train gets into the station.
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。don’t have to和needn’t的意思都是“不必”,may not的意思是“可以不”,只有mustn’t表示“不许”,“禁止”。
初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级上册考点扫描
搜集整理《初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级上册考点扫描》供大家参考学习!
1. be going to的用法;
2. 形容词的比较级、最高级;
3. 形容词和副词的比较
4. 一般过去时
5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;
6. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。
初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级上册名师讲解
搜集整理《初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级上册名师讲解》供大家参考学习!
1. on the street / in the street
表示“在街上”时,on the street 和 in the street 都可以,在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如:We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。
2. would like / like
would like 和 like含义不同。like 意思是“喜欢”,“爱好”,而 would like 意思是“想要”。试比较: I like beer.=I’m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗?Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗?
3. another / the other
(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。 例如:
May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗?
This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小,请再给我拿一件看看。
(2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如:
He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子,一把短的,另一把长的。 I have two brothers. One works in Xi’an . The other works in Beijing. 我有两个兄弟,一个在西安工作,另一个在北京工作。
4. have to /must
(1)have to和 must 都可以用来谈论义务,但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时,常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务,常用have to。例如:I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。(自己想戒烟)They have to work for the boss.他们不得不为那个老板工作。(条件逼得他们去工作)
(2)have to 可用于多种时态,must 只能用于一般现在时。例如:
I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.为了多挣钱,我们不得不每天长时间地工作。
(3)用于否定句时,mustn’t意思是“决不能”,“禁止”,而don’t have to意思是“不必”,相当于needn’t。例如:You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。You don’t have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。
5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.
hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”,而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较:I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。
I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。
类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。
6. any /some
any和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用,但some一般用在肯定句中;any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较:I want some money. 我想要点钱。Have you any money? 你有钱吗?I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没有。
some 有时也用于疑问句,表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如:
Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗?
Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗?
7. hear /listen to
listen to 和hear 都有“听”的意思,但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作,hear 强调“听”的`结果。例如:Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you a story. 请听我说!我给你们讲个故事。
Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗?
I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听,但什么也听不见。
hear 后面如果接宾语从句,常常表示“听说”。例如:
I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。
I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。
8. Let’s… /Let us…
Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“让我们……”, 如果us 包括听话人在内,其含义相同,附带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内,其含义不同,Let us…的附带问句要用will you。例如:Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗?
9. take/ bring/ carry /get
这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思,但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”,“拿走”,bring意为“带来”,“拿来”, get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”,carry不强调方向,带有负重的意思。试比较:
My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。
I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来。
I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。The waiter carried the me to the table服务员把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那个包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。
10. far away /faraway
(1)far away是一个副词短语,意思是“很远”。例如:Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些离得很远,有些离得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。
(2)faraway是一个形容词,意思是“遥远的”,可以在句中作定语。例如:
He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一个遥远的小山村。
11. find / look for
find和look for 都有“找”的意思,但含义不同。find 强调“找”的结果,而look for 强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句:He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表,但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。
另外,find还有“发现”;“感到”等意思。例如:I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。
I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。
12. in front of /in the front of
In front of 表示在某物的前面,不在某物的范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的前部,在某物的范围内。试比较:My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。
He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。
初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级上册重要语法
二.形容词的比较级、最高级
三.形容词和副词的比较
四.一般过去时
初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级上册交际用语
搜集整理《初中英语知识点总结:初中二年级上册交际用语》供大家参考学习!
III. 交际用语
1.Welcome backto school!
2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad.
3.It doesn’t matter.
4.Happy Teachers’ Day !
5.That’s a good idea.
6.What are you going to do?
7.Where are we going ?
8.What are we going to do ?
9.I’m good at…
10.It’s not far from…
11. Are you free tomorrow evening?
12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?
13.I’m glad you can come.
14.Thanks for asking us.
15.How about another one?
16.May I have a taste?
17.Let me walk with you.
18.What do you have to do?
19.Do you live on a farm?
20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?
21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?
22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!
23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK.
24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---All right.
25.Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office, please?
26.It’s over there on the right.
27.I’m sorry I don’t know.
28.You’d better…
29.Thank you all the same.
30.Which bus do I take?
31.Go along this road.
32.What day was it yesterday?
33.I’m sorry to hear that.
34.I hope you’re better now.
35.Why did you call me?
36.I called to tell…