施ccccceci
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。 一般是表示方位的词,例如between.副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与不及物动词。 及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。 不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词。
fishmoon00
2 及物动词就是后面能直接接宾语的动词 如visit我们能够说visit my uncle后面可以直接接宾语my uncle不及物动词则是后面不能直接接宾语的,如go 我们必须说go to school而不能说go school 1 此时不及物动词后面所必须接的这个to 我们叫介词另外介词一般都是比较短小的词in ,on ,at ,with, about,upon等carefully常用来修饰形容词或者动词,如speak loudly, she is very beautiful这里的loudly和very都是副词,前者修饰动词后者修饰形容词副词一般都是带有ly结尾的词语,如3动名词就是动词+ing4 主语一般是名词或者代词充当的通常放在句首,谓语一般都叫谓语动词,一般是由各类动词时态构成,另外还有be定动词,连系动词也能作谓语,定语是修饰名词的一般翻译成..的beautful girl中的beautiful就是定语,状语通常是除主谓宾之外的成份,一般有时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,条件状语,让步状语,方式状语等I went to school everyday. everyday就是状语这表语一般是放在系动词后面的 she is beautiful这里的beautiful就是表语我都是挑最容易懂的讲的,不是严格的按照语法书上说的那样难理解,其它的多分析句子结构就好理解了。
小雨后哒晴天
定语从句:that在从句中做主语或宾语,指代人或物(做宾语时可省略)which在从句中做主语或宾语,指物(做宾语时可省略)who,whom在从句中做主语或宾语(口语中也可作宾语),指人(做宾语时可省略)whose在从句中做定语,指人或物非限定性定语从句中指人,作主语用who,作宾语用whom;指物用which,但不可以用that连接 that和which在指物的情况下一般可以互换,但在下列情况下,用that而不用 which1:先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词2:先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰3:先行词是序数词(如one,two...)或最高级(如biggest,longest...).或先行词被序数词或最高级修饰4:先行词被the only,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰5:先行词既有人又物 不能用that的情况:1先行词是2前面有介词3非限定性定语从句 must have done 肯定已经做了某事may/might have done 可能已经做了某事could't/can't have done 不可能已经做了某事ought to/shouldhave done 过去本应该做的事却没有做oughtn't to/should't have done 过去不应该做的事却做了could have done 本来可以做的事却没有做needn't have done 原本不必做的事却做了didn't need do,didn'thave to do没有必要做,实际上也没有做would rather have done 本来想做的事却没有做成 have sb do sth让某人做某事have sbdoing sth让某人一直做某事have sth done请别人做某事 单复数:集体名词people,police,cattle(牛群)等在大多数情况下谓语用复数形式表示时间,距离,金钱等复数名词做主语,表示一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式the+adj,表示一类人,谓语动词用复数形式the+adj表示一个人或一类抽象事物,谓语动词用单数形式有些特殊情况,如theteacherandboss表示同一个人,谓语用单数形式theteacherand theboss表示的不同的两个人,谓语用复数形式 就近原则:AorB ,not A but B ,neither A or B ,either A or B, not onlyA but also B,这些谓语动词都根据B 就远原则:with, alongwith,togetherwith,besides ,but, except, including, as well as, ratherthan 下列动词或短语后面只能跟动名词(V+ing) :admit,avoid(避免),consider,give up,enjoy , regret(后悔), insiston (坚持), practise ,finish, put off(延迟),mind , escape, excuse,stand(忍受),inagine,miss,risk, suggest, can't help(情不自禁),set about(开始着手做...), appreciate(感激,欣赏) 许多,大量:后面加可数名词:many,manya,agreat many,agoodmany,a largenumberof,a great number of后面加不可数名词:much,a greatdealof,alargeamountof,amountsof 都可加:alot of ,lotsof,aquantityof,quantitiesof,plentyof,asupplyof,suppliesof 可以用进行式表将来的动词:go,come,leave,start,arrive,give,return,sleep,spend,stay,play,do,take,get,travel,fly,drive,setoff
永创佳绩
主谓宾定状补 作者:彭蠡之滨 文章来源:本站原创 点击数:974 更新时间:2007-2-16 0:22:36 主谓宾定状补组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。 例如:他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。 一般可分为两类: 1)简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。 例如:我们为人民学习。 2)复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 例如:我可以说一点英语。 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。 例如:我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。 例如:我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 例如:他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如: 例如:我们选他当班长。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。 例如:他是个新生。 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。 例如:在房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 例如:他住在伦敦。 主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。 定语 用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个 词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。 状语: 说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。 补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。 补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系,是补充说明动词或形容词性中心语的,可以回答“怎么样”、“多少次”、“何处”、“何时”、“什么结果”等问题。补语都放在中心语后头,除了趋向动词、数量词、介宾结构和一部分形容词可以直接作补语外。补语多用形容词、数量词、趋向动词、介宾结构来担任,各种关系的词组也常作补语。 及物动词和不及物动词 一 定义: A 有些动词只是及物动词; 它们不可以单独用,后面必须跟宾语。{ False: They always want after lunch.Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch. { False: He is sending now.Right: He is sending a letter now. B 有些动词只是不及物动词;它们可以单独用,如果后面想接宾语,动词后面必须加上介词。{ Right: He is looking around. False: He is looking me.Right: He is looking at me. { Right: He is listening carefully.False: He is listening the teacher carefully.Right: He is listening to the teacher carefully. C 有些动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词; 但是有时候词义会改变。{ The customer is asking loudly.The customer is asking for you now. The customer is asking a question now. { If you work hard, you will succeed.If you work hard, you will succeed in passing the exam (same meaning).If you work hard, you will succeed John as the manager of this company (different meaning). 介词 介词(preposition):也叫前置词。在英语里,它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分需和名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句)构成介词短语,才能在句中充当成分。副词定 义:副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 分 类:1) 时间和频度副词: now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. 2) 地点副词: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across......
小演员王沁曦
请不要按语法学英语,英语是语言,是从嘴里出来的,没听过,又不动嘴是学不会的。去买CE的疯狂英语(不是李杨的)来听,睡前听一下,早上读一下。你也可以去下个英语原版的game来玩,有兴趣了就什么都好办。
meteorakira
动词1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。 (having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。(has是助动词。)3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。**英语动词是句子的核心。它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。难怪有人说,英语是动词和介词的语言。可见研究动词的用法在英语学习中是十分重要的。(一、) 分清及物不及物:分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅 ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言) hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作(二、) 辨别表动作与表结果的动词表动作的动词强调动作的发生,不涉及该动词的结果。如:He looked at the picture. He saw a picture .前一句中的动词强调"看"这一动作;而后一句中的动词表示"看到"这一结果。类似的还有:tear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise; persuade 等。(三、) 记住瞬间动词英语中不少动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成.如:He arrived in paris yesterday.而另一些动词所表示的动作则可以延续.如:They worked until 12 o'clock last night.特别是在现在完成时态的句子中,瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。瞬间动词有:arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize....等。(四、) 掌握好表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词英语中的连系动词主要分为两大类:a.表状态的连系动词。如:he is a good worker. 除了be 而外,还有:stand(位于),lie(位于),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....等。b.另一类连系动词表示动作或变化,是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语如:his hair grows grey. 这类连系动词还有: turn, become, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get...等。(五、) 注意词义相近,用法不同的动词a.表主观与客观的动词I received his invitation last night, but i didn't want to accept it.该句中,动词receive, accept 都表示"接受"但前者表示客观地接收到什么东西;后者表示 "I" 的主观意愿。类似用法的动词还有:listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to等。b.表直接与间接的动词He heard that the scientist would come to our school.He heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school.前句中hear的表示直接听说的,而后一句中hear of 的表示间接听说的。类似用法的动词还有:know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of等。(六、) 重视多字动词的用法所谓多字动词是指动词与某些副词、介词构成的动词词组。一般有四种形式:a."动词+介词"结构。 该结构中的动词是不及物动词,当和一些介词搭配后,则把它看成一个整体,即把它看成一个及物动词。如:We never thought of such success when we first started.类似用法的还有:agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to...b."动词+副词"结构。该结构中的动词是及物动词的,该结构及物;是不及物的,则不及物。如:We put off the sports meet.After he grew up, he went to london to work for a company.类似用法的还有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out..., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up....在这类结构中,必须注意有的多字动词即及物又可不及物。有的甚至汉语意义也完全不相同。如:He looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. 抬起头看)He looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt. 查找)类似的有break down vi.(车等)坏了 vt. 分解,分为 ;go over vi. 走过去 vt. 复习,仔细查看等。 c."动词+副词+介词"结构。如:We should do away with that sort of thing.类似的有:give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with....d."动词+名词+介词"结构。该结构是最多,最常见的多字动词。如:We will take care of them.类似的有:catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in....****说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。5) 根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。)6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。7) 及物动词不需要介词在英语错误中,"及物动词+介词+宾语"(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形: ①a. We study every day. b. Do you study English every day. ②a. Please write clearly next time. b. Can you write your composition now? 如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的; *③a. The children are listening the music. b. The children are listening to the music. *④a. She is laughing the crippled man. b. She is laughing at the crippled man. 反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥:⑤ John is giving a book to me.⑥ Who will answer this question? 如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如: *⑦ Who will answer to this question? 下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错: "We have many buyers awaiting for available units here." "Awaiting"是个及物动词,后面的介词"for"是多余的,要去掉;不然把"awaiting"改为"waiting for"也行。 许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和"discuss about",如:⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems. 显然的,这三句里的介词"on/upon"和"about"是多余的,不必要的。 下面是些类似的错误:● The young must obey to their elders.● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.● Do you hope to serve for your nation?● When did Susan marry with Paul? 介词"to, on, from, for, with"都要去掉才对。 为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一,要把"及物动词+宾语"和"不及物动词+介词+宾语"划分清楚,如:I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday. 第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:Don't approach such a person.Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?
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引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如: John said, "I'm going to London with my father." 约翰说:"我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语) John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语) 由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况: 1. 直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He said , "You are younger than I."-'He said (that ) I was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。 21.Throughout history man has had to accept fact that all living things must die. A.the; the B.a; a C.不填; the D.不填;不填 22.Arriving in the deep night, we found there was no food as all the shops were shut. A.left B.available C.remaining D.convenient 23.After China launched a to popularize Chinese, lots of Confucius colleges have appeared in foreign universities. A.campaign B.movement C.measure D.struggle 24.Having finished his morning work, the manager stood up behind his chair, himself. A.practising B.spreading C.stretching D.extending 25.Peter didn’t choose of the ties and went away without looking at a third one. A.many B.any C.all D.either 26.It is not easy to learn English well, but if you , you will succeed in the end. A.hang up B.hang about C.hang on D.hang onto 高中英语语法大全第一部分 词法第1章 主谓一致一.概念: 主谓一致是指: 1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如: There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如: Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词
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