maggiemouse
英语中哪些动词后要跟虚拟语气1.主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。 常这样用的形容词有: appropriate适当的advisable适当的,合理的better较好的desirable理想的essential精华的imperative迫切的important重要的insistent坚持的natural自然的necessary必要的preferable优越的,较好的strange奇怪的urgent紧迫的vital极其重要的 过去分词有: desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required等。 例如: It is essential that you (should) win the voters’hearts.赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。 It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。 2.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。 常这样用的名词有: resolution决心,决议pray恳求decision决议motion提议suggestion建议preference选择proposal提议advice劝告recommendation推荐desire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法例如: He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他下令热情款待这些客人。 His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性。 3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气,用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。常这样用的动词有: ask要求advise劝告determine决定decide决定command命令insist坚持intend打算move提议prefer宁愿propose提议order命令recommend推荐request要求require要求suggest建议urge主张demand要求desire渴望direct命令例如: He insisted that the meeting be put off.他要求推迟那个会议。 They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。 2)在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气,其形式为:(should)+动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词(宾补)与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如: We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。 3)wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。 其主要形式有三种: 表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish +主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish +主语+ had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish +主语+ would +动词原形。 例如: I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我能知道要发生什么事。 She wished she had stayed at home.她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了。 I wish I were rich.我恨不得我很有钱。 注意:在表示对过去情况的虚拟时,有时也可以用下列形式: wish +主语+ would(could)+ have +过去分词I wish I could have seen her last night.要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。 4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式1)if非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。 在if非真实虚拟条件句中,主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式: 假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去时(be用were)Should(would,could,might)+动词原形与过去事实相反Had +过去分词Should(would,could, might)+ have +过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去时(should+动词原形,were to +动词原形)Should(would,could,might)+动词原形 If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.假如没有引力,我们就不可能行走。 I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told.假如别人不告诉我,我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。 2)正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,而将were,had, should等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面。如果句中没有were,had或should时,既不能省略if,也不能倒装。例如: Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.要是我明天见到他,我就会问他这件事的。 Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house.如果我去年有了这笔钱,我就买那所房子了。 Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.假如锅炉出问题的话,自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。 3)通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如: If I were you, I would have taken his advice.我要是你,我就采纳了他的建议。(从句指现在,主句指过去) If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better.如果气候更适宜一些,庄稼会长得更好。(从句指过去,主句指现在) 5.含蓄虚拟条件句1)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。例如: Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助,我们就不会成功的。 But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.要是没有电,就不会有现代工业。 He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论,否则的话他就来帮我们了。 He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.他昨天很累,不然他就参加那个聚会了。 2)在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/ would be形式和should/ would have been虚拟形式。例如: Any men in his position would have done like that.任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。 You should (ought to) have come earlier.你本应来得早点。 6.其他句型中的虚拟语气1)在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等后面所跟的从句中,也可以用虚拟语气,表示愿望,意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为: ①“would rather (would sooner…) +主语+谓语动词过去式”表示现在或将来的情况。 ②“would rather (would sooner) +主语+动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如:I’d rather he didn’t go now.要是他现在不走就好了I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday.要是你昨天在这里就好了。 2)在句型“It is (high/ about) time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式。有时也用“(should)+动词原形”,意为“该是……的时候了”。例如: It is time that the boy (should) go to school.这个小孩该上学了。 It is high time (that) the weather improved.天气真该好起来了。 3)在“if only”引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。 形式为:①用过去时或“would/ could +动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。 ②过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如: If only you would listen to our advice.要是你听我们的建议就好了。 If only I had not been busy last week!要是上周我不忙该多好啊! If only she could marry me.但愿她能嫁给我。 注:if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如: If only I had more money, I could buy a car.要是我有更多的钱,我就可以买辆车了。 4)连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为:“…lest (in case, for fear that) +主语+ should +动词原形”。Lest, for fear that句中的should可以省去,in case句中的should通常不省去,但是in case句中可以不用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。例如: He took his coat with him in case it should rain.他带着雨衣以防下雨。 I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.我不会做声的,以免打扰你。 Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur.在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心,以免发生溢流现象。
linalingxj
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 [编辑本段]应用条件 虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态:现在时,过去时,将来时。 在条件句中的应用:条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。[编辑本段]虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气) If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. (真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气) If I were you, I would go at once. (非真实条件状语从句) If there were no air, people would die. (非真实条件状语从句) 总结就是 四个字:主将从现,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。 2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 ① 表示与现在事实相反的情况 (条件)从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 谓语动词用一般过去式 (be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形(过去将来时) eg. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道) If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水) If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱) If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不用功) ②表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 had+过去分词(过去完成时) should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词(现在完成将来时)(过去将来完成时)eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了) If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话) ③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小) 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 If+主语+ ① should+动词 ② did ③were to do (①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小, should/would/ could/might+动词原形eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小) If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪) If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始末。 在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,"should+动词原形"构成,should 可省略。[编辑本段]虚拟语气的其他用法 ①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你) b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+v-ed eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道) c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了) ②虚拟语气用在一坚持(insist) 二命令(order. command) 三建议(advise. suggest. propose) 四要求(demand. require. request. desire)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。 如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice 注:insist如果翻译成坚持做才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持说就不用虚拟语气。 如:He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 如: His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。 这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。 ③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surpring. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。 句型:It is.......that 结构后的主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气) If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. (真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气) If I were you, I would go at once. (非真实条件状语从句) If there were no air, people would die. (非真实条件状语从句) 总结就是 四个字:主将从现,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。 2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 ① 表示与现在事实相反的情况 (条件)从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 谓语动词用一般过去式 (be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形(过去将来时) eg. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道) If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水) If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱) If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不用功) ②表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 had+过去分词(过去完成时) should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词(现在完成将来时)(过去将来完成时)eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了) If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话) ③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小) 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 If+主语+ ① should+动词 ② did ③were to do (①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小, should/would/ could/might+动词原形eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小) If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪) If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始末。 在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,"should+动词原形"构成,should 可省略。[编辑本段]虚拟语气的其他用法 ①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你) b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+v-ed eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道) c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了) ②虚拟语气用在一坚持(insist) 二命令(order. command) 三建议(advise. suggest. propose) 四要求(demand. require. request. desire)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。 如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice 注:insist如果翻译成坚持做才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持说就不用虚拟语气。 如:He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 如: His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。 这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。 ③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surpring. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。 句型:It is.......that 结构后的主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。 ④虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百度百科之方式状语从句词条。
夭爻溔訞濘綸
1)在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有人归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order,command)、三个建议(advise,suggest,propose)、四个要求(demand,require,request,ask)”,这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成 如下:Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。Thedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob.医生劝他换工作。注:动词insist,suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若从句内容尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若从句内容已经成为事实,则用陈述语气。 2)wish有时也有这一用法,如:要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时,表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would/could+have+过去分词,表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would(could)+动词原形。如:Iwishheweremorecareful.你是你更仔细点就好了。IwishIhadn’tsaidthat.我要是没有说那话就好了。IwishIcouldspeakyourlanguage.但愿我能讲你们国家的话。3)还有,ifonly与Iwish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:IfonlyIweren'tsonervous.但愿我不这样紧张。4)另外,以asif(asthough)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大,用would(might,could)+动词原形。如:Iloveyouasifyouweremyson.我爱你就像你是我的儿子。注:若从句所内容可能为事实,也可用陈述语气。如:tseemsasifweshallhavetowalk.似乎我们得步行了。 5)wouldrather(注意,这个常用哦)通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表过去的愿望。如:I’dratheryoudidn'tdoit.你宁愿你别这样做。
勤添Jacky
虚拟语气的本质是假设。
假设分为可能性大的假设(真实条件句)和可能性小的假设(非真实条件句——虚拟语气)。
英语使用真实时态表达真实条件句,英语使用非真实时态表达非真实条件句——虚拟语气。
例句:
1. You can get all the nutrition you need for much less money if you shop carefully.
如果你仔细购物,你可以用更少的钱得到你需要的所有营养。——真实条件句
2. If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
如果我是一只鸟,我就飞到你身边。——非真实条件句
英语表达虚拟的方式是时间提前,即用谓语的过去形表达虚拟,即:用过去表达现在,用过去的过去表达过去。
虚拟语气的本质也是委婉。
以上就是英语虚拟语气思维的核心。 关于虚拟语气更细致的内容请参考百家号专栏【英语思维:10小时建立完美英语语法体系】
亲亲E宝贝
insist(坚持)、order/ command(命令)、suggest/ advise/ propose(建议)、demand/ require/ ask/ desire(要求)后面跟虚拟语气。
例1:The examination instructor asked that the students(should)not use a calculator.考官要求学生不要使用计算器。
例2:The workers demanded that their wages(should)be raised by 10 percent.工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。
比较:动词 suggest和insist 后面的宾语从句,应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
suggest作“建议”解时,用虚拟语气,作“使想起、暗示”解时,用陈述语
例:His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。(暗示)
例:He suggested that I(should)stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。(建议)
insist作“坚决要求”解时,用虚拟语气,作“坚持认为”解时,用陈述语气。
例:He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。(强调)
例:He insists that he(should)do morming exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。(要求)
扩展资料
1、名词性从句中要用过去时或should+动词原型构成虚拟语气。如:It is time we went home.
2、wouldrather,hadrather后的从句动词用相当于陈述语气的过去时来表示现在或将来发生的动作。如:I would rather you went with her.我宁愿你跟她走。
只有当wouldrather后面动作的主体与前面主语一致时才可以用不带to的动词不定式,如:I’d rather take the important letter with me.在这个句子中,rather后面的主语为I,和前面的主语一致,所以用的不是过去式,而是不带to的动词不定式。
3、在itisimportant/suggested/necessary/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气表示应该做什么事情,即用动词原形或should+动词原型,如:It is important that you(should) be here on time.
4、词组but for相当于were it not for或had it not been for,表示一种含否定意义的条件,后面一般加名词或名词短语,如:He might have been killed but for the arrival of the police.要不是警察来了他本可能被杀死。
5、在某些表示祝愿的句子里需要用虚拟语气,如:May you be happy all your life!
翻页作废啊
搞定虚拟语气大总结
老师叮咛:想要提高阅读理解,词汇量是关键!下面的11个例句都是历年真题中最常出现的、最值得同学们优先理解的虚拟语气考点!经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!
辉哥说:请记住,语法=语义,语法不同的背后是意思不一样。英语的语法是由意思所决定的,是否使用虚拟语气取决于意思而不取决于有什么短语或者提醒词。如果一句话不是真实的(不存在于真实的世界中),而是你虚拟出来的(只存在于你的脑海中), 这句话就要用虚拟语气来表达。
1.虚拟条件句
①现在
If I had time,I would go to shanxi to see the 11th National Games.
如果我有时间,我就会去陕西看第十四届全运会。
从句谓语形式:动 词 的 过 去 式 (be 用 were)
口诀:主过从过
②过去
If it had not rained so heavily yesterday,we would have watch Mulan.
昨天如果没下大雨的话,我们就看了《花木兰》了。
从句谓语形式:had + 过去分词
口诀:主过完从过完
③将来
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,we would change our plan.
如果明天下雨了,我们就更改计划。
从句谓语形式:动 词 的 过 去 式 /should + 动词原形 / were to+ 动词原形
口诀:主过将从should / were to
注意:虚拟语气的世界里没有 was
④错综时间条件句
If I had followed the father’s advice,I would be quite all right now.
如果我当时听爸爸的话,我现在就会好了。(从句说过去,主句说明现在,从句和主
句的形式与各自时态的条件句一致)
2.命令类
I suggested that she(should)visit her parents.
我建议她应该看看她的父母。
表达和建议、要求、命令、主张等含义相关的名词性从句,一律用主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)结构。具体涉及到这些动词以及它们的名词形式:
一坚持:insist(表要求时才用虚拟语气)
二命令:order, command
三要求:require, request, demand
四建议:suggest, advise, propose, recommend
3.虚拟语气用在状语从句中的应用
①as if / as though 仿佛/好像 从句谓语使用虚拟语气,降时态
He talks as if he knew all about it.
他说起来好像知道这件事的全部一样。
②It’s high/about time that+定语从句 从句谓语使用过去式或者should+原形
It’s high time that we discussed/should discuss who to do it.
我们是时候去讨论一下谁来做这件事了。
③even if / even though 尽管 从句谓语使用虚拟语气,降时态
Even though she had been here very soon,she would not catch the plane.
尽管她很快就到这儿,她也赶不上飞机。
4. wish /if only 如果...就好了
If only I were an adult.如果我是成年人就好了。
I wish she could love me. 如果她爱我就好了。
5.should / would like to have done,was/were to have done,was/were supposed to have done,had better have done,would/had rather have done等结构表示“本想、本该做而未做成”。
I would like to have gone with you,but I have no time.
我本来想和你一起走,但没有时间。
例题:
1.【2015·江苏】It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我早知道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将 had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
3.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确。
4.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had+v-ed。故选A。
5.【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】主句是对过去的虚拟。
6.【2015·陕西】Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反用一般过去时,所以选C。
7.【2014·重庆卷】It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______ it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:题意:John打坏了窗户,为什么跟“我”谈话?好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if/though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。
8.【2014·福建卷】 no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:对现在情况的虚拟,条件句中用一般过去时,主句用 would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时,可以将if去掉,然后把had, should, were提到主语前面。所以选A。句意:如果没有现代的通信,我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。
9.【2014·湖南卷】If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to
the people there.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:考查虚拟语气用法。本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用had +v-ed,主句用would/could/should/might+v-ed。句意:如果Dewey先生在场的话,他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。故B正确。