古筝的英文介绍

“古筝”的英文为：Chinese Zither

读音：英[ˌtʃaɪˈniːz ˈzɪðə(r)]、美[ˌtʃaɪˈniːz ˈzɪðər]

固定搭配：Chinese ancient zither 古筝、Chinese Zither Music 古筝曲

例句：Chinese Zither is a string musical instrument with over 2500 years of history.

中国古筝是一个有著2500年悠久历史的古典弦乐器。

Chinese Zither的发展情况介绍：

随着时代的发展，20世纪又在南北筝的基础上分别衍生出其他几大整派，即“潮州、山东、河南和浙江”四大流派，到当代流派的区别已经很小了，几乎每个流派都兼具各家之长。现一般分为九派，正如曹正所言“茫茫九派流中国”，各派的筝曲及演奏方法各具特色。

中国的古筝 Chinese Zheng，Zheng，GuZheng，KuCheng，zithersZheng (Guzheng) is build with a special wooden sound body with strings arched across movable bridges along the length of the instrument for the purpose of tuning. In the early times the zheng had 5 string; later on developed into 12 to 13 strings in the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907AD) and 16 strings in the Song and Ming dynasty (from the 10th to 15th century). The present day zheng usually has 21-25 strings.日本古筝(十三弦),koto

The guzheng, or gu zheng (Chinese: 古筝; pinyin: gǔzhēng) or zheng (筝) (gu- means "ancient") is a traditional Chinese musical instrument. It belongs to the zither family of string instruments.The guzheng is the parent instrument of the Japanese koto, the Korean gayageum, and the Vietnamese đàn tranh.A modern guzhengThe guzheng should not to be confused with the guqin, another ancient Chinese zither but without bridges.DescriptionThe modern-day guzheng is a plucked, half-tube zither with movable bridges and 21 strings, although it can have anywhere from 15 to 25 strings (a customized version exists with more than 34 strings). The guzheng's strings were formerly made of twisted silk, though by the 20th century most players used metal strings (generally steel for the high strings and copper-wound steel for the bass strings). Since the mid-20th century most performers use steel strings flatwound with nylon.The guzheng has a large resonant cavity made from wu tong wood (Paulownia tomentosa). Other components may be made from other woods, usually for structural and decorative purposes.HistoryThe guzheng has existed since the Warring States Period and became especially popular during the Qin dynasty. The ancient guzheng had 12 strings, which gradually evolved into it current forms.Until 1961, the common guzheng had 18 strings. In 1961 Xu Zhengao together with Wang Xunzhi introduced the first 21-string guzheng after two years of research and development. In 1961, they also invented the "S-shaped" left string rest, which was quickly adopted by all guzheng makers and is still used today, whether in the shape of the letter "S", "C", etc. The 21-string zheng is the most commonly used, but some traditional musicians still use the 16-string, especially along the southeastern coastal provinces of China and in Taiwan.The guzheng is tuned to a pentatonic scale, the 16-string zheng is tuned to give three complete octaves, while the 21-string zheng has four complete octaves.Playing styles and performersThere are many techniques used in the playing of the guzheng, including basic plucking actions (right or both hands) at the right portion and pressing actions at the left portion (by the left hand to produce pitch ornamentations and vibrato) as well as tremolo (right hand). These techniques of playing the guzheng can create sounds that can evoke the sense of a cascading waterfall, thunder and even the scenic countryside. Plucking is done mainly by the right hand with four plectra (picks) attached to the fingers. Advanced players may use picks attached to the fingers of both hands. Ancient picks were made of ivory and later also from tortoise shell.The guzheng's pentatonic scale is tuned to Do, Re, Mi, So and La, but Fa and Ti can also be produced by pressing the strings to the left of the bridges. Well known pieces for the instrument include Yu Zhou Chang Wan (Singing at night on fishing boat), Gao Shan Liu Shui (High mountains flowing water) and Han Gong Qiu Yue (Han palace autumn moon).Two broad playing styles (schools) can be identified as Northern and Southern, although many traditional regional styles still exist. The Northern styles is associated with Henan and Shandong while the Southern style is with the Chaozhou and Hakka regions of eastern Guangdong. Both Gao Shan Liu Shui (High mountains flowing water) and Han Gong Qiu Yue (Han palace autumn moon) are from the Shandong school, while Han ya xi shui (Winter Crows Playing in the Water) and Chu shui lian (Lotus Blossoms Emerging from the Water) are major pieces of the Chaozhou and Hakka repertories respectively.Important players and teachers in the 20th century include; Wang Xunzhi (1899–1972) who popularized the Wulin zheng school centred in Hangzhou in Zhejiang, Lou Shuhua rearranged a traditional guzheng piece and named it Yu zhou chang wan, Liang Tsai-Ping (1911-2000) edited the first guzheng teaching manual Nizheng pu in 1938, Cao Dongfu (1898–1970) from Henan, Gao Zicheng (1918- ) and Zhao Yuzhai (1924- ) from Shandong; Su Wenxian (1907–71), Guo Ying (1914- ) and Lin Maogen (1929- ) from Chaozhou, the Hakka Luo Jiuxiang (1902–78), and Cao Zheng (1920-1998) who trained in the Henan school.Many new pieces have been composed since the 1950s which used new playing techniques such as the playing of harmony and counterpoint by the left hand. Pieces in this new style include Qing feng nian (Celebrating the Harvest, Zhao Yuzhai, 1955), Zhan tai feng (Fighting the Typhoon, Wang Changyuan, 1965) and the guzheng concerto "Miluo River Fantasia" (Li Huanzhi, 1984). Contemporary experimental atonal pieces have been composed since the 1980s.The guzheng in other genresThe guzheng has been used by the Chinese performer Wang Yong (王勇) in the rock band of Cui Jian, as well as in free improvised music. Zhang Yan used it in a jazz context, performing and recording with Asian American jazz bandleader Jon Jang. Other zheng players who perform in non-traditional styles include Randy Raine-Reusch, Mei Han, Zi Lan Liao, Levi Chen, Andreas Vollenweider, Jaron Lanier, Mike Hovancsek, and David Sait. The American composer Lou Harrison (1917–2003) played and composed for the instrument. Jerusalem based multi-instrumentalist Bradley Fish is the most widely recorded artist of loops for the guzheng. Fish is known for using the guzheng with a rock-influenced style and electronic effects on his 1996 collaboration "The Aquarium Conspiracy" with Sugarcubes/Björk drummer Sigtryggur Baldursson. The virtual band Gorillaz used the guzheng in their song "Hong Kong" from the Help: A Day In The Life compilation. The Canadian composer Kevin Austin[1] has written several pieces for guzheng and electroacoustic sounds.

The koto is ancient ethnic Musical Instruments, structure the strings column by the panel YueShan string nail before tuning box full YueShan side panel with after the sound of string mouth bottom wear hole; Zheng shape is rectangle woodiness sound box, string frame zheng column (namely the wild goose column) can move freely, a string a sound, according to five scales is arranged, the first 25 string for the most in guzheng (points for zheng harp), has 13 tang string root, after six to 10 18 string string 21, at present the most commonly used a specification of the 21 string; Usually the model with S163 guzheng before-21, S representative S form YueShan, is the king of all with MiaoJinLin common invention, 163 representative guzheng length 163 cm or so, 21 representative guzheng string number 21 root古筝是古老的民族乐器,结构由面板 雁柱 琴弦 前岳山 弦钉 调音盒 琴足 后岳山 侧板 出音口 底板 穿弦孔组成;筝的形制为长方形木质音箱,弦架 筝柱 (即雁柱)可以自由移动,一弦一音,按五声音阶排列,最早以25弦筝为最多(分瑟为筝),唐宋时有弦十三根,后增至十六根 十八弦 二十一弦等,目前最常用的规格为二十一弦;通常古筝的型号前用S163-21,S代表S形岳山,是王巽之与缪金林共同发明,163代表古筝长度是163厘米左右,21代表古筝弦数21根噗~翻译机翻译的准不准不知道我英语废材

The modern-day guzheng is a plucked,half-tube zither with movable bridges and 21 strings,although it can have anywhere from 15 to 25 strings (a customized version exists with more than 34 strings).The guzheng's strings were formerly made of twisted silk,though by the 20th century most players used metal strings (generally steel for the high strings and copper-wound steel for the bass strings).Since the mid-20th century most performers use steel strings flatwound with nylon.The guzheng has a large resonant cavity made from wu tong wood (Paulownia tomentosa).Other components may be made from other woods,usually for structural and decorative purposes.