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英语的.基本句型主要有五种,它们是:
1、主语动词表语
2、主语动词
3、主语动词宾语
4、主语动词宾语宾语
5、主语动词宾语补语
掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。
一、主语---动词----表语
在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)
2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语)
3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)
4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)
5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)
6.The television was on.(副词做表语)
7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)
8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)
9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语,即:表语从句)
注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ can't emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)
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如下:
1、主语+系动词+表语,该句型简称为主系表结构:
系动词包括be动词,表示感官的系动词,表示持续的系动词,表示表像系动词,表示变化的系动词,表示终止的系动词。
①be动词(is, am, are)。
Tom is student.
②表示感官的系动词(smell, taste, look, feel等)。
The medicine tastes bitter.
③表示持续的系动词(keep, remain, stay, stand等)。
He remained a teacher.
④表示表像系动词(look, seem, appear等)。
He seemed very sleepy.
⑤表示变化的系动词(go, turn, become, grow, get, fall等)。
The food went bad.
⑥表示终止的系动词(turn out, prove)。
The method turned out effective.
2、主语+谓语:
该句型简称为主谓结构,谓语为不及物动词(英文缩写为vi)或部分动副结构的短语动词。这与汉语的主谓结构语序一致。
Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。
The students rushed out.
3、主语+谓语+宾语:
该句型简称为主谓宾结构,谓语为及物动词(英文缩写为vt)或不及物动词+介词的动词短语。这与汉语的主谓宾结构语序一致。
I enjoy sports.我喜欢运动。
He has arrived at school.
4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:
该句型简称为主谓宾宾结构,间接宾语一般是人,直接宾语一般是物,可借助介词to或for交换两个宾语的位置,直接宾语和间接宾语统称为双宾语。
能够跟双宾语的常用动词有很多,例如bring sb sth(bring sth to sb); pass sb sth(pass sth to sb); show sb sth(show sth to sb); offer sb sth(offer sth to sb); teach sb sth(teach sth to sb); buy sb sth(buy sth for sb); choose sb sth(choose sth for sb);
He bought his daughter a book.
He bought a book for his daughter.
5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语:
该句型简称为主谓宾宾补结构,宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。能够跟复合宾语的常用动词有很多,多是表感官和使役的动词,多种形式可以做宾语补足语:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介词短语,名词等。
例如其中有些动词可跟省略to的不定式作宾补:有个顺口溜大体可以归纳这些动词:一感(feel),二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,make,let),五看(see, watch, notice, observe, look at),半帮助(help可省略to, 也可不省略to)。
有些动词可以同时跟现在分词和过去分词作宾补,例如感官动词(see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel等),have,get,find,leave等,所表达的含义不同,宾补与宾语的关系不同。
有些动词可以同时跟不定式,现在分词和过去分词作宾补,例如感官动词(see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel等),所表达的含义不同,宾补与宾语的关系不同。
We heard him sing a song.我们听见他唱了一首歌。(sing与him之间是主动关系,表动作完成)
We heard him singing a song.我们听见他正在唱歌。(sing与him之间是主动关系,表动作正在进行)
We heard a song sung by him. 我们听到他唱了一首歌。(sing与song之间是被动关系,表动作完成)
有些动词可以跟不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,名词,介词短语等作宾补。例如leave,find等。
He found the book (to be) difficult.
He found the girl lying on the ground.
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