王小虎呦
英语的基本句型主要有五种,它们是: 1、主语———动词———表语 2、主语———动词 3、主语———动词———宾语 4、主语———动词———宾语———宾语 5、主语———动词———宾语———补语 掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。 一、主语---动词----表语 在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。 1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语) 2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语) 3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语) 4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语) 5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语) 6.The television was on.(副词做表语) 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语) 8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语) 9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语,即:表语从句) 注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。 I'm happy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example. 二、主语———动词 在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。 1.The sun is rising. 2.I'll try. 3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep) 4.The engine broke down. 注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。 1.The book sells wel. 2.The window won't shut. 3.The pen writes smoothly. 4.Cheese cuts easily. 三、主语———动词———宾语 在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语。 1.Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语) 2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语) 3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语) 4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语) 5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语) 6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语,即:宾语从句) 注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法。 四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语 在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。 第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。 1.He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me. 2.She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me. 第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。 3.She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk for us. 4.She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us. 第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。 5.Tell him I'm out. 6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives? 五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语 在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。 1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补) 2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补) 3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补) 4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补) 5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补) 6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补) 7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补) 8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补) 9.Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式做宾补) 10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补) 11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补) 注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。 1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析:it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语。 2.I think it best that you should stay with us. 分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。 注意: 1.习惯用语的使用 在英语中,有很多动词习惯用语,在学习的过程中,要注意它们的使用,不必分析单独每个词的使用。 例: We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语) She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语) He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语) We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语,to stop是宾语补足语) 2.在英语中,大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,而且还会有一些固定词组,因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。 例:ask ①Did you ask the price?(直接接名词做宾语) ②She asked them their names.(接双宾语) ③I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语) ④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语) ⑤Didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副词in连用) ⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for) 3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有…” ①谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room. ②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall. ③主语的后面有时有修饰语:There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do). ④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him. ⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。 There used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matter with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight? ⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变翻译疑问句也要借助there。 Is there any hope of getting the job? There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there? ⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词: Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. ⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being: You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构) The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构) There being nothing else to do,we went home.(独立主格结构) ■巩固性练习 请判断下列句子的结构类型 1.He is running. 2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry. 3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions. 4.She seemed angry. 5.My father bought me a beautiful present. 6.Why do you keep your eyes closed? 7.Will you tell us an exciting story? 8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean. 9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10.Can you push the window open? 答案: 1.主语---动词 2.主语---动词---宾语---补语 3.主语---动词---宾语---宾语 4.主语---动词----表语 5.主语---动词---宾语---宾语 6.主语---动词---宾语---宾语 7.主语---动词---宾语---补语 8.主语---动词---宾语---补语 9.主语---动词---宾语---补语 10.主语---动词---宾语---补语
江河装饰
一、以下动词习惯上只接动名词作宾语:admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 推迟 deny 否认 discuss 讨论 dislike 不喜欢enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱 excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 imagine 想象 keep 保持mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 没赶上 pardon 原谅permit 允许 practise 练习 prevent 阻止 prohibit 禁止put off 推迟 report 报告risk 冒险 stop 停止 suggest 建议 understand 理解例句:I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗子是我打破的。Try to imagine being on the moon. 设法想象你是在月球上。He tried to escape being punished. 他设法逃避惩罚。You shouldn’t keep thinking about it. 你不应老想着这事。Would you mind going with her? 你可否同她一起去? I can’t understand neglecting children like that. 对孩子那样毫不经心,我不能理解。We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。这只是一部分,下面的这个网站中有更多
暗了个然
语从句(Subject Clause) 定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句. 第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末 状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来. 下面这个材料供参考. =========================== 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如: I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如: I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。)如: l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。 如: Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。如: The news that l have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。 (同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。) The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 (定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。) 2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如: The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that在从句中不充当任何成份。) The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 (that在从句中作gave的宾语。) 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形 式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
闪灯背后
以下动词接不定式和动名词均可,但含义不同(1) remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生,后接动名词(有时可用完成式),则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较:Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生)I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生)He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生)He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了)(2) try 后接不定式表示设法做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果):I'll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。Let's try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。(3) mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接动名词表示意味着(要)做某事:He means to be a teacher. 他打算当老师。He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。(4) stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事,接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事:He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话,房里一点声音也没有了。He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听,但再也没有听到什么声音。注:后接不定式时,不定式不是宾语,而是目的状语。(5) can't help后接动名词表示禁不住去做某事,接不定式表示不能帮助做某事:He couldn't help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。The medicine can't help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。(6) go on 后接不定式表示做完某事后接着做另一事,接动名词表示继续做正在做的事:You oughtn't to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习。注:也人认为go on doing sth中的doing是现在分词而不是动名词。