许小丹丹丹
春节的起源英文介绍
春节又称元日、元旦、无正、元辰、元朔、岁旦、岁首、岁朝、新正、首祚、三元或年、过年，为夏历新年的第一天。以下是我整理的春节的起源英文介绍，欢迎阅读！
Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.
The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC-c. 1100 BC) from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.
Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.
Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.
On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, jujube berries, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.
The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.
After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called "Seeing the New Year in".
Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken, duck, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing.
Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.
Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from house owners' wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.
The Chinese character "fu" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the "reversed fu" is homophonic with "fu comes", both being pronounced as "fudaole." What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall.
People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively "ji", "yu" and "doufu," mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.
Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.
Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.
Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.
The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished.
China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.
扩展阅读：春节习俗
扫尘
“腊月二十四，掸尘扫房子” ，据《吕氏春秋》记载，我国在尧舜时代就有春节扫尘的风俗。按民间的说法：因“尘”与“陈”谐音，新春扫尘有“除陈布新”的涵义，其用意是要把一切穷运、晦气统统扫出门。这一习俗寄托着人们破旧立新的愿望和辞旧迎新的祈求。 每逢春节来临，家家户户都要打扫环境，清洗各种器具，拆洗被褥窗帘，洒扫六闾庭院，掸拂尘垢蛛网，疏浚明渠暗沟。到处洋溢着欢欢喜喜搞卫生、干干净净迎新春的欢乐气氛。
贴春联
春联也叫门对、春贴、对联、对子、桃符等，它以工整、对偶、简洁、精巧的文字描绘时代背景，抒发美好愿望，是我国特有的文学形式。每逢春节，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选一幅大红春联贴于门上，为节日增加喜庆气氛。这一习俗起于宋代，在明代开始盛行，到了清代，春联的思想性和艺术性都有了很大的提高，梁章矩编写的春联专著《槛联丛话》对楹联的起源及各类作品的特色都作了论述。
春联的种类比较多，依其使用场所，可分为门心、框对、横披、春条、斗方等。“门心”贴于门板上端中心部位；“框对”贴于左右两个门框上；“横披”贴于门媚的横木上；“春条”根据不同的内容，贴于相应的地方；“斗斤”也叫“门叶”，为正方菱形，多贴在家俱、影壁中。
贴窗花和倒贴“福”字
在民间人们还喜欢在窗户上贴上各种剪纸——窗花，窗花不仅烘托了喜庆的节日气氛，也集装饰性、欣赏性和实用性于一体。剪纸在我国是一种很普及的民间艺术，千百年来深受人们的喜爱，因它大多是贴在窗户上的，所以也被称其为“窗花”。窗花以其特有的概括和夸张手法将吉事祥物、美好愿望表现得淋漓尽致，将节日装点得红火富丽。
在贴春联的同时，一些人家要在屋门上、墙壁上、门楣上贴上大大小小的“福”字。春节贴“福”字，是我国民间由来已久的.风俗。“福”字指福气、福运，寄托了人们对幸福生活的向往，对美好未来的祝愿，为了更充分地体现这种向往和祝愿，有的人干脆将“福”字倒过来贴，表示“幸福已到”“福气已到”。民间还有将“福”字精描细做成各种图案的，图案有寿星、寿桃、鲤鱼跳龙门、五谷丰登、龙凤呈祥等。
年画
春节挂贴年画在城乡也很普遍，浓黑重彩的年画给千家万户平添了许多兴旺欢乐的喜庆气氛。年画是我国的一种古老的民间艺术，反映了人民朴素的风俗和信仰，寄托着他们对未来的希望，年画，也和春联一样，起源于“门神”。 随着木板印刷术的兴起，年画的内容已不仅限于门神之类单调的主题，变得丰富多彩，在一些年画作坊中产生了《福禄寿三星图》、《天官赐福》、《五谷丰登》、《六畜兴旺》、《迎春接福》等精典的彩色年画、以满足人们喜庆祈年的美好愿望。 我国出现了年画三个重要产地：苏州桃花坞，天津杨柳青和山东潍坊；形成了中国年画的三大流派，各具特色。
我国现今我国收藏最早的年画是南宋《随朝窈窕呈倾国之芳容》的木刻年画，画的是王昭君、赵飞燕、班姬和绿珠四位古代美人。民间流传最广的是一幅《老鼠娶亲》的年画，描绘了老鼠依照人间的风俗迎娶新娘的有趣场面。民国初年，上海郑曼陀将月历和年画二者结合起来。这是年画的一种新形式。这种合二而一的年画，以后发展成挂历，至今风靡全国。
守岁
除夕守岁是最重要的年俗活动之一，守岁之俗由来已久，最早记载见于西晋周处的《风土志》：除夕之夜，各相与赠送，称为“馈岁”；酒食相邀，称为“别岁”；长幼聚饮，祝颂完备，称为“分岁”；大家终夜不眠，以待天明，称曰“守岁”。
“一夜连双岁，五更分二天”，除夕之夜，全家团聚在一起，吃过年夜饭，点起蜡烛或油灯，围坐炉旁闲聊，等着辞旧迎新的时刻，通宵守夜，象征着把一切邪瘟病疫照跑驱走，期待着新的一年吉祥如意。这种习俗后来逐渐盛行，到唐朝初期，唐太宗李世民写有“守岁”诗：“寒辞去冬雪，暖带入春风”，直到今天，人们还习惯在除夕之夜守岁迎新。
古时守岁有两种含义：年长者守岁为“辞旧岁”，有珍爱光阴的意思；年轻人守岁，是为延长父母寿命。自汉代以来，新旧年交替的时刻一般为夜半时分。
爆竹
中国民间有“开门爆竹”一说。即在新的一年到来之际，家家户户开门的第一件事就是燃放爆竹，以哔哔叭叭的爆竹声除旧迎新。爆竹是中国特产，亦称“爆仗”、“炮仗”、“鞭炮”。其起源很早，至今已有两千多年的历史。放爆竹可以创造出喜庆热闹的气氛，是节日的一种娱乐活动，可以给人们带来欢愉和吉利，随着时间的推移，爆竹的应用越来越广泛，品种花色也日见繁多，每逢重大节日及喜事庆典，及婚嫁、建房、开业等，都要燃放爆竹以示庆贺，图个吉利。现在，湖南浏阳，广东佛山和东尧，江西的宜春和萍乡、浙江温州等地区是我国著名的花炮之乡，生产的爆竹花色多，品质高，不仅畅销全国，而且还远销世界。
拜年
新年的初一，人们都早早起来，穿上最漂亮的衣服，打扮得整整齐齐，出门去走亲访友，相互拜年，恭祝来年大吉大利。拜年的方式多种多样，有的是同族长带领若干人挨家挨户地拜年；有的是同事相邀几个人去拜年；也有大家聚在一起相互祝贺，称为“团拜”。由于登门拜年费时费力，后来一些上层人物和士大夫便使用各贴相互投贺，由此发展出来后来的“贺年片”。
春节拜年时，晚辈要先给长辈拜年，祝长辈人长寿安康，长辈可将事先准备好的压岁钱分给晚辈，据说压岁钱可以压住邪祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，晚辈得到压岁钱就可以平平安安度过一岁，压岁钱有两种，一种是以彩绳穿线编作龙形，置于床脚，此记载见于《燕京岁时记》；另一种是最常见的，即由家长用红纸包裹分给孩子的钱，压岁钱可在晚辈拜年后当众赏给，亦可在除夕夜孩子睡着时，由家长偷偷地放在孩子的枕头底下。现在长辈为晚辈分送压岁钱的习俗仍然盛行。
梦回红楼
春联，是中国新年的装饰，没有春联，春节就不完整。春联的来历就要说到新年的来历
Spring Couplets, a Chinese New Year decoration, are an integral part of China's New Year. Their beginnings go back as far as the origins of New Year's festivities.
根据中国古代历史传说中记载，有一个叫“年的”怪物经常从山上到村子里吃牲畜。后来人们发现这个怪物怕洪泽，所以就在门上，窗户上贴红纸，红纸上面还写一些增加转运的诗。这样，liuxue86.com怪兽害怕贴满红纸的屋子，所以这个风俗被流传了下来，一直直到今天。
According to legends in the China's ancient past there was a monster known as Nian who often came down from the mountains to eat livestock and locals. It was discovered that he was afraid of the color red and so red paper was placed around doors and windows of houses and poems for good luck were added to them. The houses with the red paper were avoided by the monster, so its inhabitants were spared. The tradition has continued until today.
对联传统的来讲是用黑墨在两张红纸上写字，然后贴在门的两侧。
Couplets are traditionally painted with black ink on two pieces of red paper which is then hung on either side of a door.
一边贴张。另外还有一个横批写着意味繁荣之意之字贴在门框的上方。传统的对联，上联合下联是4个或5个字，是一对诗。写对联一般是从上到下，从右到左。
One half is hung on either side. There is an extra piece of paper painted with words of prosperity hung above the door frame. Traditionally the couplets are poems consisting of two lines of either four or five characters. They are painted from top to bottom, right to left.
不同的对联有不同的主题。比如，给农民的对联是带来好收成，商人挣跟多钱。传统学者会自己写对联赠予朋友或亲人。许多人会自己设计属于自己的对联。门神和福字一般都是和对联配套的贴在门上的。
Different couplets have different themes. For farmers the couplets are meant to bring bounty to them, whereas businessmen's couplets are meant to bring money. Traditionally scholars would paint couplets and give them to their friends, relatives, and the public. Many people choose to create their own couplets. Many times Door God or the Character "Fu"is added to doors along with the couplets.
精灵酱酱儿
放鞭炮：Legend has it that in ancient times, there was a ferocious monster called Nian, which was in the deep sea all the year round, but when the old and new years came, it would come out to trample crops, destroy living creatures and complain for days and days. Once it ran to the village to do evil. It happened to meet two shepherds competing for bullwhips.
贴福字：Suddenly Nian heard a whip in mid-air and fled in fear. He ran to another village and saw a big red dress hanging at the door of a house. He didn't know what it was, so he turned around and ran away. Later, he came to another house and looked inside. He was dazzled by the brilliant lights and had to slip away again with his tail between his legs. People have found out that Nian has the weaknesses of being afraid of noise, red and light.
贴春联：They think of many ways to resist Nian. For example, at the end of each year, people paste red couplets, set off firecrackers, burn firewood in the yard, chop vegetable meat with kitchen knives, and make sounds. It gradually evolves into the custom of celebrating the New Year today.
挂灯笼：It is said that the custom of pasting couplets on Spring Festival began in Houshu period about 1,000 years ago. According to records, the original form of couplets is what people call "peach symbol". There is a world of ghost realm in myth. There is a big mountain. There is a big peach tree covering 3,000 miles on the mountain.
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