哼哼家的猫猫
英语论文开题报告范文参考
下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies
1 Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).
DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.
2 Outline
2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS
In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
2.2 Methodolgy
I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories
A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
2.4 Case study
In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
2.5 Conclusion
Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
附录1- 引文范例
“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)
“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)
附录2- 参考文献范例
Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.
Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.
Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.
不一样@016
英文论文格式为直观起见，本要求最附有范例。英文来稿必须包括英文标题、英文作者名和单位名、英文摘要、英文关键词、中图分类号、正文、参考文献、中文标题、中文作者名和单位名、中文摘要、中文关键词等部分，并建议按此顺序书写。1. 文章标题 英文标题一般在10个实词以内，最多不超过15个实词，避免使用非公知公用的缩略词、代号等。2. 作者简介 作者真实姓名，作者单位全称、所在城市、邮编；如有多名作者，在每一作者姓名右上角依次标出与作者单位相对应的序号，如： CHUN Yu 1, DONG Xiao-xue2 (1.Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China; 2. School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China)。中国作者姓名用汉语拼音，姓前名后，姓氏全部字母大写，复姓应连写；名字首字母大写，双名中间加连字符。如：ZHANG Ying-hui。单位名的英译名应为完整的、正规的名称，一般不用缩写。于文章首页地脚处注明第一作者的姓名、出生年、性别、学历、E-mail信箱等。3. 论文如有涉密问题或已在公开期刊上发表，请在篇首页地脚处注明。4. 摘要 英文摘要一般为150－180个实词，中文摘要一般在300字以内，中英文摘要应基本一致。其内容应包括研究目的、方法、结果、结论等，禁用“本文”、“作者”、“This paper”等作主语。详见“科技期刊文章摘要的写作要求”。5. 关键词 每篇文章可选3～8个能反映文章主要内容的单词、词组或术语。英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。6．中图分类号 请查《中国图书馆分类法》。7. 正文 正文篇幅一般希望控制在成书5页（记空格，图表占位）以内。内容力求有创新，论证严谨，语句通顺，文字精炼。8．文中正体、斜体、黑体字符的用法：⑴斜体。变量名称用斜体单字母表示；下标若是由变量转化来的则用斜体；坐标轴（如x，y）和变量（如i,j）用斜体。⑵正体。下标由文字转化来的说明性字符用正体；单位、词头用正体，如nm,pF等；几个特殊常量用正体，如e,i,π等。⑶黑体。矩阵、矢量名称用黑体表示。9．图形要求图中所有线条、文字必须用黑色绘制；用线形或标识符区分；不得有背景；图中线条须清晰、均匀，刻度线向内侧画，并且间隔应均匀；图中坐标线粗0.5磅，曲线宽度为坐标线宽度的3倍；10．表格要求 表格采用三线表，表头中使用物理量符号/单位，如下例：x/cm I/mA v/(m•s-1) h/m p/MPa10 30 2.5 4 11011．参考文献 来稿引用他人观点与材料，须将参考文献按正文中出现的先后次序列于文后，文中须在引用处右上角加注“[序号]”。中文参考文献必须列出相应的英文，并在后面加注“(in Chinese)”。引文作者姓名均为姓前名后，最多标3名，余下用“et al.”代表。著录格式为：(按不同析出物分类说明)[连续出版物] 主要作者．题名[J] ．刊名，年，卷（期）：起止页码．[专著] 主要作者．书名[M] ．出版地（城市名）：出版者，出版年．起止页码．[译著] 主要作者．书名[M] ．译者．出版地（城市名）：出版者，出版年．起止页码．[论文集] 主要作者．题名[A] ．编者．论文集名[C] ．出版地（城市名）：出版者，出版年．起止页码．[会议论文] 主要作者．题名[Z] ．会议名称，会议召开地（城市名），召开年．[学位论文] 作者．题名[D] ．所在城市：保存单位，年份．[研究报告] 主要作者．题名[R] ．报告代码及编号(或：保存地点：责任单位)，年份．[报纸] 作者名．文章名[N]．报纸名，出版日期（版次）．[电子文献] 作者．题名[EB/OL] ．http://………，发表或更新日期/引用日期．[专利] 申请者．专利名[P] ．专利国名：专利号，发布日期．[技术标准] 技术标准代号，技术标准名称[S] ．投稿模拟样本New Imaging Spectrometric Method for Rotary ObjectCHUN Yu 1, DONG Xiao-xue2(1. Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Scienceand Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China; 2. School of Mechatronic Engineering, BeijingInstitute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China)Abstract: A new technique for imaging spectrometer for rotary object based oncomputed-tomography is proposed. A discrete model of this imaging spectrometricsystem is established, which is accordant to actual measurements and convenientfor computation. In computer simulations with this method, projections of theobject are detected by CCD while the object is rotating, and the original spectralimages are numerically reconstructed from them by using the algorithm ofcomputed-tomography. Simulation results indicate that the principle of the methodis correct and it performs well for both broadband and narrow-band spectralobjects.Key words: aerodynamic characteristics; stealth characteristics; numerical calculation; polarizationCLC number:TP374.2引言（不编入章节号）**************************************************************************************************************************************************************1 ******************1.1 *****************1.1.1 *****************2 ******************3 **********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************(1)该论文为涉密论文，不宜公开张贴或发表该论文已公开发表Biography CHUN Yu（1963—），professor，Ph.D.， abcd@sina.com.*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************n f0/MHz R/Ω VSWR BW/% L/cmline 955 36.4 1.36 15.4 7.00 804 30.7 1.56 22.0 7.01 750 27.8 1.73 17.3 8.62 706 23.6 2.0 12.7 10.23 670 21.6 2.17 9.4 11.84 642 20.1 2.37 6.38 13.4References:[1] Schölkopf B, Burges C J C, Smola A J. Advances in kernel methods – Support vector learning [M]. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 1999.[2] Hearst M A, Schölkopf B, Dumais S, et al. Trends and controversies – Support vector machines [J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 1998,13(4):18-28.[3] Eric C. Hacker’s attack analyze and defense[M]. Su Lei transl. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2002.[4] Burges C J C. Geometry and invariance in kernel based methods[A]. Burges C, Smola A. Advance in Kernel Methods—Support Vector Learning[C]. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1999.[5] Cun L Y, Jackel L D, Bottou L, et al. Comparison of learning algorithms for handwritten digit recognition [Z]. ICANN’95, Nanterre, France, 1995.[6] Chang C C, Lin C J. LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines [EB/OL]. http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm, 2001-06-19/2002-03-10.[7] Swanson R S, Musa S. The estimation of obstacle and terrain clobber probabilities[R]. AIAA 75-1118,1975.[8] Young S, Kershaw D, Odell J, et al. The HTK Book (version 3.0) [R]. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2000.[9] GJB 736.8-90, Method of initiating explosive device test, accelerated life test, method of the test at 71℃[S]. (in Chinese)[10] White S A. Tracking filter and quadrature-phase reference generator[P].USP: 5491725,1996-01-13.[11] Jia Yubin. A study on micro quartz angular rate sensor[D]. Beijing: Department of Optical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology,1999. (in Chinese)
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