英语常见副词小学

副词(Adverbs)定义：副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词；有时也可修饰一个片语、子句或句子分类：【依用法分类】 简单副词：纯粹用来修饰其他字或词句的副词，从意义上区分如下。 疑问副词：when, where, how, why 四个或相关的疑问词，其回答皆属副词(1)表示时间的疑问副词When will you come back? Next week.(At) what time do you go to bed? At eleven o’clock.How long will you stay in Taipei? For three days. (多久？)How often do you go to a movie? Twice a month. (多常/多久一次？)How soon will he come back? In two weeks.(再过多久？)(2)表示地方的疑问副词Where(=In what place) does he live? In Taipei.Where(=To what place) are you going? To Taipei.Where do you come from? From America.How far is it from your home to your school? (问距离)How long is the river? (问长度)(3)表示方法、态度的疑问副词How did you learn English so well? I learned it by practicing it every day.How did you open the door? I opened it with a key.How do you go to school every day? By bicycle. How does Tom do his job? He does his job very carefully.(4)表示程度或数量的疑问副词How do you like your new job? (你喜欢你的新工作吗？) How do you like it? (你觉得它怎样？) à Not bad./ It’s O.K./ I like it very much.How much did it rain last week?How many times a week do you go to the movies? How fast can he run?(5)表示原因的疑问副词Why did you come to school late this morning?What did he say that for? = Why did he say that?Why not go to the party? = Why don’t you go to the party?How come you came here? = Why did you come here? 关系副词：关系副词具有连接词的功能，引导形容词子句，其先行词为表示时间、地方、方法、理由的名词，先行词有时可以省略 The time when this accident happened was five o’clock in the morning. The place where you can put the piano is the living room. This is the way how it happened. This is the reason why he came here late.【从意义上区分】 表示时间（时间副词）： When的答句，如now, soon, today, early, long ago, next year… How long的答句，如all day, for ten years, forever, long…. How often的答句，如once, seldom, always, ….. 顺序，如first, next, last….. 表示地方（地方副词）： 静态的地方副词，如here, there, inside, in ~ , on~ ……. 动态的地方副词，如along ~ , from … to…, across ~ , through ~ 表示状态（状态副词）：carefully, happily, quickly, ….. 表示程度：very , much, quite, almost, nearly, so, too, exactly, absolutely, …. 表示方法、态度：wisely, actively…. 表示原因、理由：therefore, … 表示肯定、否定：yes, no, surely, of course, certainly, never 表示次数：once, twice, three times, again…功用：＊修饰动词(包含不定词、动名词、分词)The boys are playing happily in the park.Driving a car carefully is important.Mary closed the door quietly because the baby was sleeping.＊修饰形容词The food is very delicious.My answer is absolutely right.＊修饰副词、副词片语、副词子句He speaks English pretty well.He came back home soon after work.He took it out of his bag soon after he came into his room.＊修饰全句(通常放在句首，可加逗号；放句中、句尾必须加逗号)Happily, he didn’t die. (幸亏他没死。)Certainly, I will stand by you forever.(当然，我会永远支持你。)副词的形成(1)形容词+lyà副词＊直接加上ly ：clear à clearly slow à slowly ….＊字尾有y，则将y改成i再加ly： happy à happily friendly à friendlily….＊字尾le，直接改为ly： comfortable à comfortably (例外 whole à wholly)＊字尾ue，把e去掉再加ly： true à truly＊字尾ll，只加y： full à fully＊字尾ic，加上ally：automatic à automatically＊现在分词或过去分词当形容词+ly à 副词： surprising à surprisingly (2)不规则型：good à well many à much(3)形容词又可当副词fast (adj.) That is a fast train.(adv.) The train goes very fast.enough (adj.) I don’t have enough money to buy the car. (adv.) He didn’t study hard enough to pass the exam.early (adj.) I am always early to school. (adv.) I always get up early.late (adj.) He was late to school again this morning. (adv.) He got up late this morning.等等~~太多了,不一一写出了~(4)与形容词型式相同的副词+ly 字义与用法上有些不同＊high(高的/高高地) highly(高度地；颇受)That is a very high mountain.The birds are flying high.＊late(晚；迟到) lately(最近)John was late for school.He came to the party late.I haven't hear from her lately.副词的位置原则上，副词必须尽量靠近被修饰的字，因此，如果副词在句子中的位置变动，句意或语气也可能随之改变。【1】副词 + 形容词 / 副词 + 副词(片语或子句)It is very hot today. He came long before the meeting time.The police arrived soon after the accident happened.特例： 形容词 / 副词 + enough (enough为副词) The boy is old enough to go to school. He speaks English well enough to talk to Americans fluently. enough + 名词 / 名词 + enough (enough为形容词) He has enough money / money enough for the car.【2】修饰动词的副词(1)不及物动词 + (补语) + 副词Because it rained heavily, we could get home on time.He lived well and died happily.(2)及物动词+受词 + 副词 / 副词 + 及物动词+受词 (此处的副词语气较弱)She closed the door quietly. = She quietly closed the door.I answered the questions carefully.(3)进行式 或 被动式 ： be +副词 + Ving 或 p.p. be + Ving 或 p.p. +副词 Tickets to important games are not easily bought. =Tickets to important games are not bought easily. They are talking about their plan happily. = They are happily talking about their plan.= They are talking happily about their plan. (不及物动词+(副词)+介+受词)(4)修饰全句，可放句首(可加逗号或不加)或句末(加上逗号)Slowly, he began to understand the fact.Happily, he didn’t die. = He didn’t die, happily. (幸运地他没死)(比较) He didn’t die happily. (他死得并不幸福。)(5)同类的两个以上的副词：小 大He usually gets up at six o’clock in the morning in summer.She put it under the bush near the wall in the garden.(6)不同类的两个以上的副词，通常排列顺序为：地方+状态或方法+次数+时间 (或)状态副词+地方副词+时间副词 We come here early every day. She got there safely last week. They are singing happily in the classroom now.