英语中的关联词

英语关联词 —并列连词 1 并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系. 1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分. 1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this week or next week 2)连接分句:I went and she also. 2.可分别表示下列关系. 1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe- less 2) 因果:so, for, therefore 3) 选择:or, either…or, neither…nor 英语关联词 —并列连接词 2 4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as not only…but (also) 英语关联词 —关联词 关联词 用于引导从句. 1.名词从句: He doesn't know what she is. 2.副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it to you. 3.形容词从句:He's the best student I've ever taught. 英语关联词 —连接词 1 关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键. 1.连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分. 1) that(无含义): I said that he was wrong. 2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系): I don't know whether it is correct. 英语关联词 —连接词 2 2.连接代词 1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和 定语. A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语, 但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词): I asked him who came into the room./ I asked him who(m) he saw whom/which 做宾语: Ask him which he wants. 英语关联词 —关联词 3 C. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定 语: I wonder whose house that is. D. what 做上面提及的各种成分: I don't know what I should do. What can be done 2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语. We can't decide whom to invite. We must decide what to do. I couldn't decide which to choose. 英语关联词 —关联词 4 3.连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句 中做状语. 1) how: That's how I look at it. 2) where: I don't know where he lives. 3) when: Tell me when to use the tool. 4) why: I'll tell you why you have to do it. 英语关联词 —关系词 1 4.关系代词 1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语 who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用 的介词): The man who spoke is my teacher. I don't know who he is. The man who I saw told me that. 2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语: The man whom I saw told me that. 英语关联词 —关系词 2 3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示 "某物的", 在从句中做定语: That's the man whose son is my pupil. The room whose window faces south is her bedroom. The room of which the window faces south is her bedroom. 英语关联词 —关系词 3 4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语: I like the picture which was taken in front of the main building. 5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注 意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法. A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时: This is the best film that I've ever seen. 英语关联词 —关系词 4 B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时: the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, every. This is the last chance that you have. You are the only friend that I have. He told me all that he knew. 英语关联词 —关系词 5 C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时: much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, nobody. There's nothing in the world that can frighten him. D. 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中 的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that. Who that knows him would trust him Which of these buses is the one that goes to London 英语关联词 —关系词 6 E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时: The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned. 6) 关系代词做介词宾语. A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所 在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可 放在其所在的从句的句尾. Is this the car for which you paid a high price 英语关联词 —关系词 7 Is this the car which you paid a high price for Is this the car that you paid a high price for Is this the car you paid a high price for B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中) "分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关 系代词的前面: 英语关联词 —关系词 8 The years during which he was away were long years to her. He wrote many books, some of which C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必 须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前: This is the book which he has been looking for. 7)关系代词的省略. A.关系代词作宾语时: The girl I work with is coming. 英语关联词 —关系词 9 B.that在定语从句中做表语时: He is not the man that he was when I saw him first. He is not the man he was when I saw him first. 5.关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语. 1)where 地点: That's one point where I'd like your advice. 英语关联词 —关系词 10 2) when 时间: At the time when I saw him, he was ill. 3) why 原因: That is the reason why I came so early. 4) that 方式/时间/原因 I like the way that /in which he did it. 英语关联词 —关系词 11 That was the first time (that) I saw him. The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to explain. 5)in which/at which = where This is the school in which/at which/ where he works. 6)for which = why I don't the reason for which he left. 英语关联词 —关系词 12 7)on which = when The day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988. 英语介词和关联词 —试题与思路 1.The doctor will be free ___. A.in ten minutes B.10 minutes later C.after 10 minutes D.10 minutes after 选A.in和将来时连用表示的是某段时间的终结点.after表示某个时间点之后的任一时间.later强调的是在某个时间点之后. 2.___ all the students, whom do you regard most highly A.Of B.About C.From D.In 选A.由most highly可知句首的短语是表示比较范围的状语.当给出所比较的人,事物所在的范围时,用in;给出所比较的人,事物的名称时用of. 英语介词和关联词 —试题与思路 3.He was praised ___ his sense of duty. A.about B.by C.for D.of 选C.句子要表达的是受表扬的原因,所以选for. 4.The key ___ success is hard work. A.on B.to C.in D.for 选B.表示"进入,达到,对于"等含义的名词,需要和to连用. 5.Alice has a large collection of photos, ___ was taken in London. A.none of them B.no one of which C.all of which D.none of which 英语介词和关联词 —试题与思路 选D.逗号后是一个定语从句,要有关系词来引导,可知A不可;从从句的单数动词was可知C不可;从no one 是表示人而且不可同of短语连用,可知其不可. 6.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is___ I disagree. A.why B.where C.what D.how 选B.由disagree是不及物动词可知应选一连接副词来表达"在某处/某方面"之意,所以选B. 7.Mary can't be admitted to a universi-ty next fall __ she can afford her further education. 英语介词和关联词 —试题与思路 A.unless B.for C.as D.if 选A.从句意可知是有关条件的话题,所以表示原因的as和for均应排除;又由于主句是否定句,根据要标达的意思,应选否定条件连词unless. 8.__ encourages us greatly is ___ China has achieved great success in the Olympic Games. A.What; what B.That; that C.What; that D.That; what 选C.两个clause均为名词从句.第一个是主语从句,其中缺少主语,所以选连接代词what;第二个不缺少成分,所以用纯连词that引导.

关联句分为8种类型： 1并列句。各分句间的关系是平行并列的，如：“这衣裳既漂亮，又大方。” 常用的关联词语有：又……又……、既……又……、一边……一边……、那么……那么……、是……也是……（不是）、不是……而是……等。 2承接句。各分句表示连续发生的事情或动作，分句有先后顺序，如：“看了他的示范动作后，我就照着样子做。 常用的关联词语有：……接着……、……就……、……于是……、……又……、……便……等。 3递进句。分句间是进一层的关系，如：“海底不但景色奇异，而且物产丰富。” 常用的关联词语有：不但（不仅）……而且……、不但……还……、……更(还)……、……甚至……等。 4选择句。各分句列出几种情况，表示从中选出一种，如：“我们下课不是跳橡皮筋，就是踢毽子。” 常用的关联词语有：不是……就是……、或者……或者……、是……还是……、要么……要么……、宁可（宁愿）……也不……、与其……不如……等。 5转折句。后一个分句与前一个分句的意思相反或相对，或部分相反。如：“虽然天气已晚，但是老师仍在灯下伏案工作。” 常用的关联词语有：虽然……但是……、尽管……可是……、……然而……、……却……等。 6因果句。分句间是原因和结果的关系，如：“因为这本书写得太精彩了，所以大家都喜欢看。” 常用的关联词语有：因为(由于)……所以……、……因而(因此)……、既然……就……、之所以……是因为……等。 7 假设句。一个分句表示假设的情况，另一个分句表示假设实现后的结果。如：“如果明天下雨，运动会就不举行了。” 常用的关联词语有：如果……就……、即使……也……等。 8条件句。一个分句说明条件，另一个分句表示在这一个条件下产生的结果，如：“只要我们努力，成绩就会不断地提高。” 常用的关联词语有：只要……就……、无论（不管、不论）……也（都）……、只有……才……、凡是……都……、除非……才……等

1．表示举例的关联词for example that is, in the following manner, namelyin this case as an illustration to illustrate in the same manner2．表示递进关系的关联词above all finally of major concerna second factor finer of minor concernbetter finest to begin withbest furthermore worsecompared to moreover worstequally important of less importance worst of all3．表示强调的关联词especially, without doubt, primarily, chiefly, actually, otherwise, after all ,as a matter of fact4.表示比较的关联词as, too, also, likewise, similarly, at the same time, in the same way5．表示转折的关联词but, still, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, nevertheless, regardless, contrary to, and yet, however, nonetheless, conversely, despite, after all, instead6．表示因果关系的关联词accordingly, as a result, because, consequent, hence, since, therefore, thus,for this purpose, to this end, with this object7．表示结论的关联词all in all, altogether, finally, in brief, in sum, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to sum up8．表示作者态度的词ironically, fortunately, to the disappointment of, unfortunately, strangely enough考试十大类重要关联词总结分析考试中关联词起着很重要的作用，熟悉这些常用的关联词，对你的考试会有非常重要的作用。常用的关联词分为十大类：一.Addition此外inaddition，and，similarly，likewise，aswellas，besides，furthermore，also，moreover，too，notonly…but，even，besidesthis／that二.Sequence顺序first，initially，secondetc.，tobeginwith，then，next，earlier／later，followingthis／that，afterwards三.Consequence结果asaresult，thus，so，therefore，consequently，itfollowsthat，thereby，eventually，inthatcase，admittedly四.Contrast对比however，ontheotherhand，despite，inspiteof，though，although，but，onthecontraryotherwise，yet，insteadof，rather，whereas，nonethelesscomparedwith，incontrast五．Certainty确定obviously，certainly，plainly，ofcourse，undoubtedly六．Condition条件if，unless，whether，providedthat，for，sothat，whether，dependingon七．Time时间before，since，as，until，meanwhile，atthemoment，when，whenever，assoonas，justas八．Summary总结inconclusion，insummary，lastly，finally，tosumup，toconclude，torecapitulate，inshort九．Example举例forexample，forinstance，justas，inparticular，suchas，namely十．Reason原因since，as，so，because(of)，dueto，owingto，thereasonwhy，inotherwords，leadsto，cause