新概念英语四课文

Part 1 Unit 1 1 Finding fossil man 1 2 Spare that spider 11 3 Matterhorn man 21 4 Seeing hands 29 5 Youth 38 6 The sporting spirit 47 7 Bats 55 8 Trading standards 66 Unit 2 77 9 Royal espionage 78 10 Silicon valley 86 11 How to grow old 93 12 Banks and their customers 101 13 The search for oil 110 14 The Butterfly Effect 118 15 Secrecy in industry 128 16 The modern city 135 Unit 3 144 17 A man－made disease 145 18 Porpoises 153 19 The stuff of dreams 163 20 Snake poison 170 21 William S. Hart and the early ‘Western’ film 180 22 Knowledge and progress 187 23 Bird flight 193 24 Beauty 201 Part 2 208 Unit 4 208 25 Non－auditory effects of noise 209 26 The past life of the earth 217 27 The ‘Vasa’223 28 Patients and doctors 229 29 The hovercraft 237 30 Exploring the sea?floor 243 31 The sculptor speaks 251 32 Galileo reborn 257 Unit 5 263 33 Education 264 34 Adolescence 273 35 Space odyssey 281 36 The cost of government 289 37 The process of ageing 299 38 Water and the traveller 306 39 What every writer wants 312 40 Waves 320 Unit 6 325 41 Elephants 326 42 Recording an earthquake 336 43 Are there strangers in space? 341 44 Patterns of cultures 349 45 Of men and galaxies 357 46 Hobbies 363 47 The great escape 369 48 Planning a share portfolio 379 课文重点索引 386 语法索引 395

Lesson 33 Education 教育First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。Why is education democratic in bookless, tribal societies? Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks -- those purchasable wells of wisdom-what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births -- but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no 'illiterates' -- if the term can be applied to peoples without a script -- while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parent; therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency'. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child. JULIUS E. LIPS The Origin of ThingsNew words and expressions 生词和短语 adverseadj. purchasableadj.可买到的 preachern. 传教士 defendantn. 被告 outlookn. 视野 capacityn. 能力 democraticadj. 民主的 tribaln. 部落的 triben. 部落 illiteraten. 文盲 compulsoryadj. 义务的 deemv. 认为 meansn. 方法，手段，财产，资力 hamperv. 妨碍 savannahn. 大草原 juvenileadj. 青少年 delinquencyn. 犯罪参考译文 教育是我们这个时代的关键词之一。我们许多人都相信，一个没有受过教育的人，是逆境的牺牲品，被剥夺了20世纪的最优越的机会之一。现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性，对教育机构投资，收回的‘利息’便是培养出大批有知识的男女青年，这些人可能成为未来的栋梁。教育，以其教学周期如此精心地安排，并以教科书 -- 那些可以买到的智慧源泉 -- 予以强化，如果不受其惠，文明将会是个什么样子呢？ 至少，这些是可以肯定的：虽然我们还会有医生和牧师、律师和被告、婚姻和生育，但人们的精神面貌将是另一个样子。人们不会重视‘资料和数据’，而靠好记性、实用心理学与同伴相处的能力。如果我们的教育制度仿效没有书籍的古代教育，我们的学院将具有可以想象得出的最民主的形式了。在部落中，通过传统继承的知识为所有人共享，并传授给部落中的每一个成员。从这个意义上讲，人人受到的有关生活本领的教育是相等的。 这就是我们最进步的现代教育试图恢复的“平等起步”的理想状况。在原始文化中，寻求和接受传统教育的义务对全民都有约束力。因而没有“文盲”（如果这个字眼儿可以用于没有文字的民族的话）。而我们的义务教育成为法律在德国是在1642年，在法国是在1806年，在英国是在1876年。今天，在许多“文明”国家里，义务教育迄今尚未实行。这说明，经过了多么漫长的时间之后，我们才认识到，有必要确保我们的孩子享有多少个世纪以来由‘少数幸运者’所积累起来的知识。 荒凉地区的教育不是钱的问题，所有的人都享有平等起步的权利。那里没有我们今天社会中的匆忙生活，而匆忙的生活常常妨碍个性的全面发展。荒凉地区的孩子无时无刻不在父母关怀下成长。因此，丛林和荒凉地区不知道什么叫“青少年犯罪”。人们没有必要离家谋生，所以不会产生孩子无人管的问题，也不存在父亲无力为孩子支付教育费用而犯难的问题。 怎么样，还行吧！

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$课文1 发现化石人 1. We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. 我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。 2. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. 但直到现在,世界上有些地方，人们还不会书写。 3. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tales to another. 他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来。 4. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, 这些传说是有用的，因为他们告诉我们很久以前生活在这里的移民的一些事情。 5. but none could write down what they did. 但是没有人能写下来。 6. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. 人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方， 7. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. 当地人的传说却告诉人们：其中一部分是约在2,000年前从印度尼西亚迁来的。 8. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas,if they had any, are forgotten. 但是，和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了，因此，有关他们的传说既使有如今也失传了。 9. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. 于是，考古学家们既缺乏历史记载，又无口头传说来帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人”是从哪里来的。 10. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, 然而， 幸运的是，远古人用石头制作了工具，特别是用燧石， 11. because this is easier to shape than other kinds. 因为燧石较之其他石头更容易成形。 12. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. 他们也可能用过木头和兽皮，但这类东西早已腐烂殆尽。 13. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 石头是不会腐烂的。因此，尽管制造这些工具的人的骨头早已荡然无存，但远古时代的石头工具却保存了下来。 $课文2 不要伤害蜘蛛 14. Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? 你可能会觉得奇怪， 蜘蛛怎么会是我们的朋友呢？ 15. Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. 因为它们能消灭那么多的昆虫，其中包括一些人类的大敌， 16. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; 昆虫就会使我们无法在地球上生活下去， 17. they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, 昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼，杀死我们的成群的牛羊。 18. if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. 要不是人类受一些食虫动物的保护， 19. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. 我们要十分感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟和兽，然而把它们所杀死的昆虫全部加在一起也只相当于蜘蛛所消灭的一小部分。 20. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings. 此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食虫动物，它们丝毫不危害我们和我们的财物。 21. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. 许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫，但它们不是昆虫，甚至与昆虫毫无关系。 22. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, 人们几乎一眼就能看出二者的差异， 23. for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six. 因为蜘蛛都是8条腿，而昆虫的腿从不超过6条。 24. How many spiders are engaged in this work no our behalf? 有多少蜘蛛在为我们效力呢？ 25. One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, 一位研究蜘蛛的权威对英国南部一块草坪上的蜘蛛作了一次调查。 26. and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; 他估计每英亩草坪里有225万多只蜘蛛。 27. that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. 这就是说，在一个足球场上约有600万只不同种类的蜘蛛。 28. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. 蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃昆虫。 29. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, 它们一年中消灭了多少昆虫，我们简直无法猜测， 30. but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. 它们是吃不饱的动物，不满意一日三餐。 31. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country. 据估计，在英国蜘蛛一年里所消灭昆虫的重量超过这个国家人口的总重量。$课文4 能看见东西的手51. Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, 俄罗斯最近报导了几个事例，有人能用手指看书识字和辨认颜色，52. and even see through solid doors and walls. 甚至能透过厚实的门和墙看到东西。53. One case concerns and eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, 其中有一例谈到有一个名叫维拉.彼托洛娃的11岁学生。54. who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. 她的视力与常人一样，但她还能用皮肤的不同部位辨认东西，甚至看穿坚实的墙壁。55. This ability was first noticed by her father. 是她父亲首先发现她这一功能的。56. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. 一天，维拉走进父亲的办公室，偶然把手放在一个锁着的保险柜的门上，57. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles. 她突然问父亲为什么把这么多的旧报纸锁在柜子里，还说了报纸捆扎的情况。58. Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, 维拉的特异功能引起了她家附近乌里扬诺夫斯克城一个科研单位的注意。59. and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. 4月里，俄罗斯卫生部一个特别委员会对她进行了一系列的测试。60. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, 在这些测试中，她能隔着不透明的屏幕读报纸。61. stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; 更为奇怪的是，她把肘部在儿童玩的“罗托”纸牌上移动一下，便能说出印在纸牌上的数字和颜色。62. and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. 还有一次，她穿着长筒袜子和拖鞋，能用脚步识别出藏在地毯下面的一幅画的轮廓和颜色。63. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. 其他实验表明，她的膝盖和双肩有类似的感觉能力，64. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; 在所有这些实验中，维拉的双眼都是蒙着的。65. and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin. 如果不蒙上双眼她的皮肤就不再具有识别物体的能力。66. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet. 这是千真万确的。同时还发现，尽管她能用手指识别东西，但她的手一旦弄湿，这种功能便会立即消失。