壬生京三郎
2020-2021学年英语周报高二牛津版第13期答案及试题（第十三期），将发布在下图中，扫码即可查看！ Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by huntergatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages，too，became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominantlanguages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico (150)，Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one，with a questionmark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。 24．What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times？ B A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number. C．They had similar patterns. D．They were closely connected. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。由此可推断，采猎文明时期的语言种类很多。A项曲解文意，文中提到采猎文明时期语言很多，但这不代表语言发展快。C、D两项颠倒是非，根据第一段中“small，tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other”可知，这些语言是相互独立的，不具有相似模式，语言间也没有密切联系。 25．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2？ C A．Complex. B．Advanced. C．Powerful. D．Modern. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占优势的”，故选C项powerful(强大的，有影响力的)。complex复杂的；advanced先进的；modern现代的。 26．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？ B A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400. C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200. 解析：数字计算题。根据第三段中的“At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言；再根据“The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。 27．What is the main idea of the text？ C A．New languages will be created. B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages. C．Human development results in fewer languages. D．Geography determines language evolution. 解析：主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象，故C项概括全面。A项颠倒是非，文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。B、D两项无中生有，文中没有提到人们的生活方式会反映到语言上，也没有提到地理决定语言的发展。
杜小样丶
2020-2021学年英语周报高二牛津版第15期答案及试题（第十五期），将发布在下图中，扫码即可查看！ A Race Against Death It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch 41.Aa sick boy，Billy, and knew he had cliphtheria，a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children.The children of Nome would be 42.B if it struck the town.Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.43.D，the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.How could the medicine get to Nome? The town's44.C was already full of ice, so it couldn't come by ship.Cars and horses couldn't travel on the 45.B roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didn't exist yet. 46.C January 26, Billy and three other children had died.Twenty more were 47.D.Nome's town officials came up with a(n) 48.A.They would have the medicine sent by 49.Bfrom Anchorage to Nenana.From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as “mushers”—would 50.Ait to Nome in a relay (接力)． The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon，picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.51.Che handed the medicine to the next musher，Shannon's face was black from the extreme cold. On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to 52.D a frozen body of water called Norton Sound.It was the most 53.Cpart of the journey.Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would 54.D，and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across. A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his 55.C.He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 56.Athe trail again.The only hope was Balto, Kaasen's lead dog.Balto put his nose to the ground，57.Bto find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly，Balto began to 58.A.He had found the trail. At 5 : 30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog 59.D in Nome.Within minutes, Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recovered. Nome had been 60.B. 文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。Nome小镇里的孩子们感染了白喉病。为了挽救孩子们，一些勇士们展开了雪橇接力赛，冒着危险，日夜兼程地把药品安全运到小镇上，孩子们最终得救了。 41．A.examined B．warned C．interviewed D．cured 解析：根据下文中的“and knew he had diphtheria”可知，应填examine“检查(身体)”，表示Dr.Welch给一个生病的男孩做了检查。 42．A.harmless B．helpless C．fearless D．careless 解析：上文说这种病主要传染给孩子，下文说如果这种病袭击这个镇子，因此根据语境，应选B，表示如果发生这种情况的话，那么这里的孩子们就会很无助了。helpless表示“无助的；无能为力的”。 43．A.Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 解析：上下文语境表示转折含义，因此选D，表示“然而，可是”，指可是最近的供应物也远在一千多英里之外。 44．A.airport B．station C．harbor D．border 解析：下文说用船只送药的方法不可行，因此这里选C，指这个小镇中船只进出的港口已经被冰覆盖。harbor“港口”。 45．A.narrow B．snowy C．busy D．dirty 解析：根据语境和上文的“full of ice”可知，这里说的是汽车和马不能在被雪覆盖的道路上行进，因此选B表示“被雪覆盖的”。 46．A.From B．On C．By D．After 解析：根据下文的“had died”可知，此处表示在1月26日之前，Billy和其他三个孩子已经死去了。故用by表示“在……之前，到……为止”。 47．A.tired B．upset C．pale D．sick 解析：这里表示还有20个孩子染病了，因此选D表示“生病的”。 48．A.plan B．excuse C．message D．topic 解析：根据语境可知，此处指小镇的政府官员提出了一个解决方案，因此选A表示“计划；方案”。 49．A.air B．rail C．sea D．road 解析：前面提到道路积雪，港口冰冻，且当时还没有喷气式飞机，因此可排除A、C、D三项，应选B。下文的“from the train at Nenana”亦是提示。 50．A.carry B．return C．mail D．give 解析：根据语境，这里应用carry表示“运送”，描述狗拉雪橇运送药品到目的地的动作。 51．A.Though B．Since C．When D．If 解析：根据句意，此处应用when引导时间状语从句，指当第一个赶狗拉雪橇的人把药品交给下一个赶狗拉雪橇的人的时候，他的脸由于极度的寒冷被冻得发黑。 52．A.enter B．move C．visit D．cross 解析：根据下文中“a frozen body of water”可知应选D表示“穿过，穿越”，指Seppala必须要穿过一片结了冰的水域。 53．A.shameful B．boring C．dangerous D．foolish 解析：下文的“Norton Sound was covered with ice...of Nome.”描述了这片水域的危险，因此选C表示“危险的”。 54．A.escape B．bleed C．swim D．die 解析：此处表示如果他掉进了下面的冰水里，他会死掉，镇上那些患病的孩子也会因为没有药品而死去。结合语境判断选D。 55．A.memory B．exit C．way D．destination 解析：结合上文的“huge piles of snow blocked”和下文的“He had to leave...get around them.”可判断应选C，表示大堆的雪把他的道路阻断了。 56．A.find B．fix C．pass D．change 解析：根据上文的“leave the trail(雪橇痕迹)”可知，这里选A表示“找到”，指环境是如此糟糕以至于再次找到雪橇痕迹对他来说是不可能的。 57．A.pretending B．trying C．asking D．learning 解析：根据语境，这里用try to do表示“试图做某事”，指Balto试图嗅出其他的狗的气味。 58．A.run B．leave C．bite D．play 解析：根据下文的“He had found the trail.”可知，此处指Balto找到了雪橇痕迹，于是开始奔跑。故选A。 59．A.gathered B．stayed C．camped D．arrived 解析：根据上下文可知，这里说的是Kaasen和他的狗到达了Nome，因此选D，表示“到达”。 60．A.controlled B．saved C．founded D．developed 解析：根据倒数第二段的内容可知，最终药品被安全送到了Nome，疾病也得到了控制，孩子们恢复了健康，故此处指这个小镇得救了。因此选B，表示“挽救”。
优质英语培训问答知识库
