飘泊四方的狼
Unit 1
1. They go as fast as they can.
as…as sb. (one) can ＝ as …as possible 尽可能地……
as…as中间加原级的形容词或副词。例：
I will work as hard as I can. 我将尽可能努力工作。
He ran as fast as he could. 他拼命地跑。
Please come here as soon as you can. 请尽快来这里。
2. We call the first Olympic Games the "ancient" Olympics.
我们把早期的运动会叫做"古代"奥运会。
call sb. / sth. ＋n. 称呼某人/某物……，后面的名词作宾语补足语。
例：We call the boy DaMao. 我们称呼那个男孩大毛。
类似于这种可以用名词或名词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：
name/call/make/choose/find/think等。例：
We chose him our monitor at yesterday's class meeting.
昨天班会我们选他当我们的班长。
I find him a clever boy. 我觉得他是个聪明的孩子。
3. It seemed that Zhuang Yong and Jenny Thompson, an American swimmer, had finished at the same time.
看上去好像庄泳和美国游泳选手詹尼·汤姆森同时游完全程。
以下几种方式可以表示"看起来……，似乎……"
It seems that ＋从句
seem to be ＋adj.
seem ＋adj.
例：Danny seemed excited. (Danny seemed to be excited.)
丹尼似乎很激动。
seem to do sth.
例：When his wife's pet cat died, Alan didn't seem to care at all.
艾伦妻子的宠猫死了，他好象一点也不在乎。
4. Diving is one of the most popular events at the Olympics.
潜水是奥运会最受欢迎的项目之一。
one of… ……其中之一，后常加最高级及名词复数。例：
Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.
长江是世界最长的河流之一。
5. Make your country proud. 使你的国家因你而自豪。
proud作宾语补足语，修饰宾语your country；
make的用法：
make the bed 铺床make tea 沏茶
make dumplings 包饺子make a car 制造汽车
be made of 由……制成
make sb. /sth. ＋n. 使某人/某物成为……
made sb. /sth. ＋adj. 使某人/某物如何……
make sb. /sth. do 使某人/某物做某事
名词/形容词/do （不定式，省to），作宾语补足语。
6. …his team came in twentieth. 他的队第二十名。
twentieth 第二十
整十数的序数词，变y为ie加th。例：
ninety→ninetiethfifty→fiftieth
7. We had such an interesting day at school today.
我们今天在学校度过了这么有趣的一天。
这句话也可以说成：We had so interesting a day at school today.
such和so意思都是"如此……/这样……"，但用法不同。
It is so interesting a film that we all want to see it once more.
它是如此有趣的电影，我们都想再看一遍。
Thanks a lot for sending me such beautiful pictures by e-mail!
多谢你用e-mail给我发来这么漂亮的图片。
He is so weak that he can't work on.
他如此虚弱以致不能再继续工作。
8. If I don't. I won't be able to sleep tonight.
如果我不写下来的话，我今晚睡不着觉。
此句是if构成的条件状语从句，要用一般现在时代替将来时。
I'll go to the park with my friends if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨，我要和朋友去公园。
9. If he practises walking on pizzas, he'll do better next time.
如果他保持练习在比萨饼上走的话，下次他会表现好一些。
finish, enjoy, practise, keep, mind后常加动名词作宾语。例：
You'd better practise speaking English both in and after class.
你最好在课上课下练习说英语。
Unit 2
1. Our class could play soccer for a week without stopping.
我们班同学可以踢一周足球不休息。
without 介词，with的反义词，后加名词、代词或doing形式的动词，有时可以用if从句改写。例：
Without having breakfast, he hurried to school.
他没有吃早饭，匆忙上学去了。
Fish can't live without water. 没有水鱼不能活。
If there is no water, fish can't live.
2. That's very kind of you. 你真是太好了。
还可以说：That's very nice of you.
3. Wouldn't we get tired? 我们不会累吗？
此句是否定形式的一般疑问句，常用来表惊讶、责备、赞叹等语气。例：
Isn't it beautiful? 它不漂亮吗？ （It is beautiful！）
注意答语：Yes, it is. 不，漂亮
No, it isn't. 是的，不漂亮。
Can't you come earlier? 你不能早来吗？（责备）
4. The Great Wall of China is more than 7,240 kilometres long.
中国的长城长7,240多公里。
It is ＋数字＋单＋形容词是一个固定句式，用来表达某物（人）多高/长/宽/深等。例：
The river is 10 metres deep.
这条河深10米。
The old man is seventy years old. 这个老人70岁。
Our room is 5 metres wide. 我们教室宽5米。
通常这样的句子可以用how＋形容词＋一般问句构成特殊疑问句。例：
How wide is your room?
How deep is the river?
5. On average, it weighs more than 26 tons.
平均，它（鲸）重26吨多。
weigh 动词，重……多少。
weight n. 重量。例：
The desk weighs 10 kilos. 这书桌重10公斤。
The weight of the desk is 10 kilos.
The desk is 10 kilos heavy.
6. The average blue whale is about four times as big as the biggest elephant.
平均蓝鲸是最大的大象的四倍。
four times as＋原级＋as 是……的几倍 例：
This room is three times as big as that one.
This is twice bigger than that one.
times是倍数，有时也可以当"次数"讲。例：
I have been to the Great Wall twice.
7. Does anyone have any other ideas?
有人有别的主意吗？
any other 用在肯定句中后常加单数名词。
any other 在疑问句和否定句中加复数名词。例：
The boy is taller than any other boy in his class.
这个男孩比他班里任何别的男孩都高。
I don't want any other oranges. 我不要任何别的桔子。
8. I have some more. 我有更多一些。
some more 更多一些，后加可数或不可数名词。
much more 后加不可数名词
many more 后加可数名词复数
I want many more books. 我想要更多的书。
9. It's a man who can ride his bicycle backwards while playing the violin.
那是一个能边拉小提琴边倒骑车的人。
while (when) 当……时，时间状语从句。
当从句的主语和主句的主语一致或是it时，在时间、条件、让步从句中且从句中的谓语动词含有be时，则可以省略从句的主语和be。例：
I will go to visit Beijing if (it is) possible.
Although (I am) ugly, I am gentle.
尽管我丑，我很温柔。
Unit 3
1. Why don't we think of things that our classmates want to buy?
怎么不考虑我们同学想买的东西呢？
Why don't we（you）+do …？= Why not + do…？
为什么不做……？常用来提出建议。例：
Why not go and see her?
为什么不去看看她呢？
类似提出建议的表示还有：
How about（What about）
Shall we do…？Let's do…We'd better do…等 例：
Why not go shopping this Sunday?
这个礼拜日为什么不去购物？
Let's go shopping this Sunday.
Shall we go shopping this Sunday?
How （What）about going shopping this Sunday?
2. Suddenly, Danny hears somebody say something.
突然，丹尼听到有人跟他说了些什么。
在感官听觉动词see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to等词后，用省略的.to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。当变成被动语态时，要恢复to。例：
We often heard them argue next door.
我们常听见他们在隔壁争吵。
I saw him walk into the headmaster's office.
我看到他走进校长的办公室。
He was noticed to come in the room.
有人注意到他进了房间。
3. Sometimes, business English is hard to understand.
有时，商业英语很难懂。
此句还可以表示为：
To understand business English is hard. 或
It is hard to understand business English.
再例如：
The instructions are easy to follow.
这些说明很容易明白。
It's easy to follow the instructions.
To follow the instructions is easy.
4. How much does it cost?
它花去多少钱？
此句是用来寻问价钱的，还可以用what's the price of来表示。
How much does your coat cost?
你的大衣多少钱？
What's the price of your coat?
5. I don't think it would be safe to do my homework on a bicycle.
我认为骑在自行车上写作业不是安全的。
It was fun to sell the cookies.
卖甜饼很有趣。
这两个句子都有不定式做主语。其句式为：
It is + n. /adj + to do. 意为做某事如何……例：
It is fun to learn English.
学英语很有趣。
It's not good to speak when you have meals.
吃饭时说话不好。
6. To hold up posters, maps and other papers.
动词不定式做目的状语。动词不定式作目的状语时，可以将其放于句首，也可以放于句末。例：
To learn English well, he went to England.
为学好英语，他去了英国。
（He went to England to learn English well.）
7. He made his first push-pins by himself.
他自己做了他的第一批图钉。
make sth. by oneself 独自做……，可以表示为：
make sth. alone
He made his bed by himself（alone）
他自己做的床。
8. The Moore family still owns the company and… 。
Moore一家仍拥有这家公司……
own，动词"拥有"可以用has"替换"
owner n. "拥有者，物主"。例：
The owner of the house is Li.
这家房子的主人是李。
Li owns the house.
李拥有这个房子。
own还可以作形容词，意为"自己的"，常和形容词性物主代词连用，例：
This is our own room.
这是我们自己的房间。
Unit 4
1. What's wrong with Danny?
丹尼怎么了？
What's wrong with…？用来寻问某人某物有什么病或出什么毛病了，也可以表示为"What's the matter with…？或What's the trouble?"例：
What's wrong / the matter with the boy?
What's the boy's trouble?
2. I don't feel well.
我感觉不舒服。
well是形容词，用来指身体好，feel是系词，和well构成系表结构，表示身体状况的还有：feel bad / feel terrible（感觉很差）等。
另外well还常作副词，指做得好。例：
He sings well.
他唱歌好。
He draws very well.
他画画非常好。
3. My head hurts 我头疼。
说有什么病可以用"身体部位+ hurts"或pain或have等词来表示。例：
My stomach hurts.
我肚子疼。
I have a pain in my stomach.
I have a stomachache.
have（got）+病症，常表示得什么病，例：
have（got）a cold / fever / cough / headache
感冒 发烧 咳嗽 头痛
4. Salad is made of fresh vegetables.
沙拉由新鲜蔬菜做成。
be made of由……制成，常用于被动语态，主语为制成物，宾语为原材料。例：
The chair is made of wood.
这个椅子由木头制成。
如果制成物看不出原材料，常用词组be made from。例：
The book is made from wood.
这本书由木头制成。
5. Eating foods from grain gives you vitamins, minerals and fibre.
吃来自谷物的食物给你维生素、矿物质和纤维。
eating不可以改为eat，因为动词不可以作主语，所以用eating形式，即动名词，动名词（或短语）作主语时动词用单数形式。例：
Taking exercise helps you keep healthy.
运动帮你保持健康。
6. The more you move your feet, the more healthy you will be.
你越爱运动，你就会越健康。
越……，就越……，常用"the +比较级，the +比较级"结构。
前者是状语从句，后者是主句，如果主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。例：
The more, the better.越多越好。
The more food he eats, the fatter he will be.
他吃得越多，就越胖。
7. He has been away for three days now!
他已经三天没上学了。（离开三天了）。
be away，离开，不在，是leave的延续词，类似的还有：
catch a cold（结束性）→have a cold
fall ill（结束性）→be ill 例：
He has caught a cold.他感冒了。
He has had a cold for a week.
他感冒一周了。
He fell ill last Friday.
他上周五病了。
He has been ill for five days.
他病五天了。
8. I rested and drank plenty of water.
我休息而且喝很多水。
plenty of许多，大量，相当于lots of或a lot of，后可加可数名词复数或不可数名词。
He has plenty of time to watch TV.
他有很多时间看电视。
There are plenty of shops on either side of the street.
街两面有许多商店。
9. Could you open the door for me?
请为我打开门好吗？
Would （wiu/, Could）you + do…？用来表示请求对方为自己做某事。would / could / will不表时态。
Would / Could you go and get me some chalk?
去给我拿些粉笔来好吗？
10. She is unable to do many things.
她不能做很多事情。
unable不能的，un-表示前缀，表示否定。例：
happy → unhappy不开心的，fair→unfair不公平的
此句可以表示为：
She can't do many things.
She is not able to do many things.
11. I'm feeling much better.
我感觉好多了。
much相当于a lot，常用来修饰比较级，还有even, far, a little, a bit等也可以放于比较级前，而very, too, quite, so, much too等常用来修饰原级。例：
On Monday I felt very bad, but now I feel much better.
周一我感觉很差，但现在感觉好多了。
Unit 5
1. It is said that Professor Yuan is one of the richest people in China.
It is said that ...据说……，相当于People say that ...
例：It is said that the boy has joined the army.
据说那个孩子已经参军了。
2. The grain of this new type of rice would be as big as peanut so that farmers could rest in the cool shadows of big rice plants.
这种新水稻的粒子将会和花生一样大，以便农民可以在这种水稻的阴凉下休息。
as ... as ..."和……一样"，表示程度相同的比较。
This box is as big as that one.
这个箱子和那个一样大。
so that 表示目的，译为"以便……，目的是……"。
He stood on a chair so that he could reach the top of the tree.
他站在椅子上以便能够够到树的顶部。
Unit 6
1. Why don't you pretend to be Jenny's friend?
为什么你不假装Jenny的朋友呢？
Why don't you do ...? （Why not do ... ?）
Why don't you go to see him tomorrow?
为什么你不明天去看他呢？
2. Don't be scared.别害怕。
此句是祈使句，由系词be开头，后常加形容词，构成系表结构。
例：Be careful!当心！
Be quick!快点！
否定形式在句首加don't。
例：Don't be late for school!上学别迟到。
Don't be nervous!别紧张。
3. Shall I call an ambulance?
我可以叫救护车吗？ （我叫救护车好吗？）
Shall I (we) do sth ... ?我（们）做……好吗？
用来表示请求，自己所做的事情征得对方的意见，是否同意。
例：Shall I get you some water?
我给你打点水好吗？
4. There is something wrong with my arm.
我的手臂有毛病。
There is something wrong with sb. or sth.某人某物有毛病
There is something wrong with my watch.
我的手表坏了。
否定式为：There is not anything wrong with ... .
There is nothing wrong with ... .
5. It took me three months to recover.
我用了三个月时间恢复。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花费多长时间做某事
it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式"to do sth."。
take 随时态改变，sb. 用宾格。
例：It took me two hours to clean my house yesterday.
我昨天用了两个小时打扫房子。
It will take me another two days to finish the work.
完成这项工作我还要两天时间。
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Unit 9 毛笔 a writing brush 由……制成 be made of (from) 被用来 be used for 保暖 keep warm 寄信 send a letter 开锁门 open and lock a door 在世界上 in the world / on earth 成群的人 groups of people 一群鸟 a group of birds 一百万或更多 one million or more 当然 of course 说得最广泛 be the most widely spoken 使用很广泛 be used very widely 作为一门外语 as a foreign language 在世界上其他许多国家 in many other countries of the world 在当今世界上, 在现代社会中 in the modern world 把……当作……用 be used as … 广泛使用于商业事务中 be widely used for business 向某人买某物 buy sth from sb 把某物卖给某人 sell sth to sb 大多数商业信件most business letters 在世界范围内 around the world 打电话 make a telephone call 数码相机 a digital camera 在另一方面 on the other hand 一套…… a set of Unit 10 在城里 be in town 在城外 be out of town 展览、陈列 on show / on display 数百年前 hundreds of years ago 看一看 have a look 到某地参观 a visit to sw 在20世纪20年代 in the 1920s 很久以前 long ago / long before 下蛋 lay eggs 不久以后 before long 人类 humans / human beings / man 真遗憾 That’s /What a pity. 被……覆盖 be covered with 有羽毛的恐龙 a feathered dinosaur 在将来 in the future 研究恐龙 study dinosaurs 查字典 look up sth in a /the dictionary 禁止吸烟 No smoking. 禁止拍照 No photos. 禁止停车 No parking 有三只腿的杯子 a cup with three legs / a three legged cup 在旧社会 in the old days 上酒 serve wine 使茶保温 keep tea warm 被装上、填上 be filled with 一群、一组 a group of 损坏 break down 营业时间 business time 切勿倒置 This side up Unit 11 植树节 Tree Planting Day 植树 plant trees 正好 just right 既不……也不 neither… nor… 把……插进 knock… into 务必、确保、一定 make sure 在……旁边 next to 以便 so that 把……用力踩实 push sth down hard 把……系在 tie …to 使它立直 keep it straight 在绿色的长城 on the Great Green Wall 流失、跑走 run away 冲走 wash away 阻止、防止某人做某事 stop / prevent sb (from) doing sth ; keep sb from doing sth 雨滴 rain drops 直接冲击土壤 hit the soil directly 多亏、由于 thanks to / because of 落叶 dead leaves 数百万个 millions of 这一次 this time 其他许多人 many other people 在这些树苗中 among the young trees 多多益善 The more, the better 再过几年，几年以后 in a few years’ time 指向 point to 远处 far away 用这种方法 in this way 上交 hand in 或多或少、 差不多 more or less 避开，防止 keep off Unit 12 给某人发一份电子邮件 send sb an e-mail / send an e-mail to sb 把信息输入到电脑 put information into the computer 电脑迷 a computer fan 谈论 talk about 绕……转 travel around 在太空 in space 发射 send up 一直 all the time 无人驾驶的宇宙飞船 spaceships without people 把……发射到太空 sent sth up into space 收发信息 send and receive messages 在……的帮助下 with one’s help / with the help of 在世界的另一面 on the other side of the world 向……打电话 make a telephone call to… 不同国家的人们 people from different countries 更好地相互了解 understand each other better 输入 put into 关上 shut down 拖延、延期 put off 一心想做 set one’s mind to do 到目前为止 so far / by now / up to now 编造 make up 有关……方面的知识knowledge of … 数百\几百 hundreds of 数千、成千上万 thousands of 数万、几万 tens of thousands of 数百万/ 几百万 /无数的 millions of
水里漂浮的雨
重点短语 1. beg one's pardon 2. multiply „by„ 3. slow down 4. wear out 5. try on 6. make a decision, 7. a place of interest 8. make a mistake 9. drop off 10. think about 11. make up one's mind, 12. at all, 13. at least 14. by the time 15. carry on 16. never mind 17. from now on 18. come down 19. hands up 20. before long， 21. no one， 22. not„any longer II. 重要句型 1. be busy doing sth. 2. prefer to do sth. 3. regard... as... 4. be pleased with sth./sb. 5. be angry with sb. III. 交际用语 1. ---How much does„ cost „? 2. ---It can cost as little as „ yuan and as much as „ yuan. 3. ---It costs „. 4. ---It's worth „. 5. ---I don't agree with „. 6. ---I wasn't sure whether„. 7. ---I wonder if „. 8. ---What size „? 9. ---Have you got any other colour / size / kind? 10. ---Have you got anything cheaper? 11. ---How much are they? 12. ---How much does it cost? 3. ---How much is it? 14. ---That's a bit expensive. 15. ---Even though they're a little expensive, I'll take them. 16. ---I'll think about „. 17. ---I don't think I'll take „. 18. ---I like „. 19. ---I don't really like „. 20. ---Can I help you, girl? 21. ---Would you like me to look in the back? 22. ---We can find „. 23. ---Do you like being „? 24. ---Can I ask you some questions? 25. ---Sure. 26. ---It was great. 27. ---Wow! 28. ---Yeah! 29. ---Oh dear! 30. ---Hands up! 31. ---I’ll shoot anyone who moves. 32. ---There’s no need to thank me. 33. ---Can you remember anything else about him? 34. ---Come down, Polly! 35. ---There is a little traffic accident． 36. ---There's a big traffic jam. 37. ---Well, I'm sure he'll be here before long. 38. ---I'm beginning to get angry with him! 39.---Yes, we can't wait any longer. Let's go without him. 40. ---That's terrible! 41. ---That's a really bad excuse! IV. 重要语法 1. 过去将来时 2. 过去完成时 3. 动词不定式 4. 定语从句 【名师讲解】 1. think/ think/about/ think of (1) think 单独使用时表示"思考"， 接that 宾语从句时意为"认为"，"觉得"。 I am thinking how to work out the problem. I think she is a good student. 当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。 I don't think he can come. I don't think it will be windy. (2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是"考虑„„"。 I have thought about it for a long time. Please think about how to tell her the bad news. (3)think of 表示"认为"， 一般用于疑问句中，与what 连用。 What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play? 2. big/ large/ great 上述形容词都表示"大"，但侧重点及程度不同。 (1) big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合， 也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或"长大了"，还可表示"伟大"，"重要"之意。如： Can you lift up this big stone? On the last day I made a big decision. (2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如： A whale is a large animal. A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre. (3) great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性， 优越性；常用于抽象 或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有"伟大"，"大得令人吃惊"等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如： China is a great country with a long history. He was one of the greatest scientists. 3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay (1) cost表示"花钱"，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。） The book cost me five yuan. (2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。 It took me five yuan to buy the book.. (3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人 I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book. (4) pay的主语是人。 I paid five yuan for the book. 4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low 这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到高"，而cheap 与low涉及到价格"低"。 (1) expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到"价格高，货贵"时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如： This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。 These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。 注意：cheap表示"价廉"，"便宜的"，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如： The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。 This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。 (2)high在表示价格时，含义是"高"，low在表示价格时，含义是"低"，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只 能用在价格上。如： The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。 The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。 下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照： The price of this computer is expensive. (宜改为：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. ) The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy. (宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. ) 5. alone/ lonely lonely 与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别： (1)lonely用作形容词，意思是"孤单的；寂寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。 (2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是"单独；独自"，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。 She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely. 她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。 6. before long/ long before (1)before long 作“不久以后”讲，切不要按字面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”。如： We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做完。 (2)long before 作"很久以前"讲。原意为"„„以前很久"，故也可译为"老早"。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。 They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。 7. as/ when/ while (1)as 是连词，意思是"当„„的时候，一面„„一面"，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如： As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时，教师进来了。 The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。 (2)When和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when"当„„的时候"（一般表示动作紧接着发生）； "那时"（等立连词，前有逗号分开） I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。 (3)while是"当„„时候；和„„同时"（强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长） While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。 While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
