pidgin英文解释

克里奥尔语，洋泾浜英语

Pidgin English Pidgin English is a non-specific name used to refer to any of the many pidgin languages derived from English.方言英语是任何一种全球各地本地语与英语混杂的英语的俗称。Pidgin鸽子，本身就是洋泾浜英语的引申，原来是上海闲话讲Business的白读。见下文。在中国的，叫做（上海）洋泾浜英语, 英汉夹杂语。你知道大陆哪个地方最晚取消租界的，是吧。其实，更早在香港、澳门、湛江、广州四地（粤语地区）的混杂英语是最早的Chinese Pidgin English.Chinese Pidgin English (simplified Chinese: 洋泾浜英语; ）is a Pidgin language between English and Chinese. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English spoken in Cantonese-speaking portions of China. Chinese Pidgin English is heavily influenced by various Chinese languages with variants arising among different provinces (for example in Shanghai and Ningbo).English first arrived in China in the 1630s, when British traders arrived in South China. Chinese Pidgin English was spoken first in the areas of Macao and Guangzhou, later spreading north to Shanghai by the 1830s. "Yangjing Bang English" in Chinese (洋泾浜) derives from the name of a former creek in Shanghai near the Bund where local workers communicated with English-speaking foreigners in pidgin (broken English).Historically, it was a modified form of English developed in the 17th century for use as a trade language or lingua franca between the British and the Chinese. Chinese Pidgin started in Guangzhou (Canton), China, after the British established their first trading port there in 1664. Because the British found Chinese an extremely difficult language to learn and because the Chinese held the English in low esteem and therefore disdained to learn their language, Pidgin English was developed by the English and adapted by the Chinese for business purposes. The term "pidgin" itself is a corruption of the pronunciation of the English word "business" by the Chinese. Chinese Pidgin continued in use until about the end of the 19th century, when Pidgin came to be looked upon by the Chinese as humiliating (because English speakers considered it ridiculous) and so preferred to learn standard English instead.Chinese Pidgin English began to decline in the late 19th century as standard English began to be taught in the country's education system. English language teaching has been widespread throughout modern Chinese history- it was made the country's main foreign language in 1982.Chinese Pidgin English was based on a vocabulary of about 700 English words, with a small number of words from other sources. Grammar and syntax are simple and positional; that is, grammatical categories are indicated by the position of words in the sentence rather than by inflectional endings, prepositions, or the like (e.g., in English “John loves Mary” is distinguished from “Mary loves John” by the position of the words in the sentences). Typical sentences in Chinese Pidgin are Hab gat rening kum daun (Have got raining come down) “There is rain coming down”; Tumoro mai no kan kum (Tomorrow my no can come) “Tomorrow I can't come”; and Mai no hab kachi basket (My no have catch basket) “I didn't bring a basket.”洋泾浜英语的例子有：(这些是洋泾浜英语被正统英语接受的部分）粤语：好耐冇见 好久不见。 Long time no see.丢脸 Lose face不行。No can do!no-go 不行。 1.NASA曾经用来表示失败的太空计划。2.No-go area 禁止通行地方。3.=not okay句式，No ___, no _____. 源于中式洗衣店：没票没衬衣啊、No receipt, no shirts back! 最后演化成 No money no talk, No pain no gain. No Tickee No Shirtee（一部美国电影）英语对中文的影响就很容易想到了。例如粤语的 的士 巴士 沙发 士多啤梨 车厘子 布冧 士多店 西多士 杯葛Boycott 等等 北方话 因特网 的确良 等等 上海话 也有好多

Cue这个词很有意思。英文课本里几乎不怎么提，但是日常说话却常常夹在中文里说。“最怕老师上课cue我”，“诶，你别cue我，我啥也不知道”等等。Javier Allegue Barros@soymeraki/unsplashCue的动词意思是“给（某人）提示或暗示”，做名词解，就有戏剧舞台上的提示、暗示的意思。韦氏词典往前追溯，说cue可能来自于剧本上的qu这个记号，qu是拉丁语quando（意思是“何时”）的缩写，意在告诉演员“可以上了”。举两个例子：►n.She stood in the wings and waited for her cue to go on.她站在舞台侧面等待着出场的提示。►v.Can you cue me when you want me to begin speaking?你要我开始讲话时能给我暗示一下吗？英语对汉语的影响现在汉语中的许多常用词都有着一个音译外语的语源，众所周知的如巴士、麦克风、吐司、的士都是这样。有些词是在19世纪就跑到汉语里来了，如“一打”（表示“12个”）就是从英语的dozen先是跑到了上海话里，然后才有了广泛使用。这个时期就是洋泾浜英语（也叫皮钦英语）的兴衰期。World Englishes in Asian Contexts这本书里就提到，英语是在1630年代来到中国的，英国的贸易商在华南经商，广州和澳门等地就出现了本地人与外国人交流时使用的混杂语言-皮钦英语（Pidgin English）。有意思的是，牛津英语词典介绍说，英语的pidgin这个词本身就是音译了当时广东人对英语单词business的发音，后来pidgin就用来指代这种混杂语言。这可能就是——我“音译”了你的“音译”。Pidgin: a simplified speech used for communication between people with different languages.皮钦语：一种在使用不同语言的人群里用作交流的简化口语。1830年代，皮钦英语就随着生意人来到了上海，改名换姓成了“洋泾浜英语”（洋泾浜曾是上海的一条河，在当时的英法租界之间，被填平后现在是延安路的一部分）。无论叫皮钦英语还是洋泾浜英语，其实都是当时上海和广东等地的本地人与英国人交流的口头语言。中文对英语的影响交流，你给我予，各自的语言就都留下了对方的印记。现在英文中约定俗成但无法用语法知识解释的表达就可能是受到中文语法的影响。►no can do:不能做/不得行/做不到►no pain, no gain:一分耕耘一分收获►long time no see:好久不见这些短语都有着很鲜明的中文语法特征。当时的中国人使用洋泾浜英语时用的就是中文的语法，你看这句英文：►I have sold (this) for ten dollars. Now I am going to sell it to you for one dollar.看懂这句英文不难，意思是“（这个）我之前卖10块，现在我卖给你，算1块”。这中文语序，太正宗了。还有人认为，像是no-go不宜继续进行的，lose face丢脸，no-good无价值的，这些英语中确定下来了的词和短语都受到了汉语的影响。这么一想，还真是前人一字一句间把long time no see这样中式十足的表达说进了牛津英语词典里。汉语中的外来词与英语向汉语借语法不同，汉语倒是从外语（包括英语、葡语）里拿来了一些词。开头提到的巴士、的士都是这种方式来的。几百年前，珠三角流传的皮钦英语里就有：►catchee: catch (English)►too muchy: too much (English)►Joss: God (Zeus) (Portuguese)此外，皮钦英语在广东受到了粤语的影响，流传到上海之后，当时的上海人嘴里还有些粤语词。►taipan: supercargo指押运员或商船上的官员（来源于粤语：大班）►fankuei: Westerner（来源于粤语：番鬼）有位上海豆瓣网友的帖子称上海话里有很多常用的词都有英文的来源。看这些词让人第一次有了读英文学上海话的体验。► 抬头title：发票抬头一般指购物人名称► 阿木林a moron：指木讷、不善言辞、不机灵► 嘎三壶gossip：指聊天，闲谈，吹牛► 瘪三begsir：指地痞、无赖、游手好闲的人► 扎台型扎dashing：指爱出风头► 一打a dozen：指十二个► 混枪势混chance：指浑水摸鱼，趁机捞一把语言随历史沉浮，皮钦英语也有衰落的时候。Oxford Guide to World English提到说19世纪末皮钦英语就渐渐少有人用了。Chinese Pidgin English began to decline in the late 19th century as standard English began to be taught in the country's education system.词句本无义，是人赋予了意义。有那么多先例，或许中式表达people mountain people sea距离收录到词典也不远了。

洋泾浜，原是上海的一条河浜，位于从前的公共租界和法租界之间，后来被填成一条马路，即今天的延安东路。所谓“洋泾浜英语”，是指那些没有受过正规英语教育的上海人说的蹩脚英语。它的特点一是不讲语法，二是按中国话“字对字”地转成英语。它最初是十九世纪中外商人使用的混杂语言，只有口头形式，没有统一的书面形式，而且变体很多。该语言流行于当时的上海洋泾浜周边地区，故由此得名。由于该语言已经退出历史舞台，“洋泾浜英语”(pidgin English or pidgin)一般被认为与中式英语具有相同的含义，但事实上它只是中式英语的一个代表，且在一定程度上具有更为特殊的历史意义。