龙舌兰日出shine
LV end-systolic elastance (ELV in mm Hg/mL) is an indexof contractility that is load independent.29 It is determinedinvasively as follows: ELVLV end-systolic pressure/(endsystolic volumeV0), where V0 represents the volume (x axis)intercept of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship.The noninvasive calculation is possible by 2 methods. In 1method, V0 is ignored (VO is less than end-systolic volume),ie, LV end-systolic pressure/end systolic volume. In the other,systolic and diastolic blood pressures, EF, stroke volume,preejection, and ejection periods are needed. Its normalresting value is 2.31 mm Hg/mL. Therefore, the EA/ELVratio is normally 1.00.36. EA and ELV increase proportionatelywith age in normal men, and their ratio remainsunchanged.30 Normal women show a higher increase in ELVwith age, so the ratio decreases slightly.31In hypertensive men, EA and ELV are greater than in normalcontrol subject, but their ratio remains normal. Hypertensivewomen develop a disproportionately greater increase in ELV,so their ratio is significantly lower than normal subjects.32 Inpatients with systolic heart failure, EA increases as a result ofincreased peripheral vascular resistance, whereas ELV is decreased.Thus, the EA/ELV ratio increases with reduced myocardialefficiency.33 In DHF, both EA and ELV increase, and in3 studies,34–36 the EA/ELV ratio was similar in DHF patientscompared with those with hypertension but not heart failure.Therefore, the consensus from the published literature supportsthe notion that abnormal ventricular-arterial coupling atrest is not the culprit for developing DHF. However, 1 studynoted a reduced vasodilator reserve with exercise37; additionaldata are needed during exercise for reliableconclusions.
落叶无声2015
过早搏动 中文又名：早搏、心脏早搏、期前收缩、期外收缩 过早搏动英文名称：premature beat 拼音名称：guò zǎo bó dòng 早搏可见于正常人，或见于器质性心脏病患者，常见于冠心病、风湿性心脏病、高血压性心脏病、心肌病等。早搏亦可见于奎尼丁、普鲁卡因酰胺、洋地黄或锑剂中毒；血钾过低；心脏手术或心导管检查时对心脏的机械刺激等。编辑本段病因学 过早搏动可发生于正常人。但心脏神经官能症与器质性心脏病患者更易发生。情绪激动，神经紧张，疲劳，消化不良，过度吸烟、饮酒或喝浓茶等均可引起发作，亦可无明显诱因，洋地黄、钡剂、奎尼丁、拟交感神经类药物、氯仿、环丙烷麻醉药等毒性作用，缺钾以及心脏手术或心导管检查都可引起。冠心病、晚期二尖瓣病变、心脏病、心肌炎、甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病、二尖瓣脱垂等常易发生过早搏动。编辑本段发病机理 可能通过多种方式产生。 （一）异常自律性所致冲动形成异常 ① 在某些条件下，如窦性冲动到达异 正常的心电图位起搏点处时由于魏登斯基现象，使该处阈电位降低及舒张期除极坡度改变而引起过早搏动（图1）。 ② 病变心房、心室或浦顷野纤维细胞膜对不同离子通透性改变，使快反应纤维转变为慢反应纤维，舒张期自动除极因而加速，自律性增强，而产生过早搏动。 图1 魏登斯基现象示意 窦性冲动到达异位起搏点，使该处阈电位水平下移，因而异位起搏点舒张期除极在基本节律起搏点之前达到阈电位而引起早搏 （二）折返现象——环行折返或局灶性微折返 如折返途径相同则过早搏动形态一致；如折返中传导速度一致，则过早搏动与前一搏动的配对时间固定。 （三）平行收缩 （四）触发激动编辑本段症状 过早搏动可无症状，亦可有心悸或心跳暂停感。频发的过早搏动可致（因心排血量减少引起）乏力、头晕等症状，原有心脏病者可因此而诱发或加重心绞痛或心力衰竭。听诊可发现心律不规则，早搏后有较长的代偿间歇。早搏的第一心音多增强，第二心音多减弱或消失。早搏呈二或三联律时，可听到每两或三次心搏后有长间歇。早搏插入两次正规心搏间，可表现为三次心搏连续。脉搏触诊可发现间歇脉搏缺如。
宜木构思家具
VT：vein thrombosis 静脉血栓RAD：右房内径 right atrium diameterLAD:左房内径 left atrium diameter...EPS:SNS: 骶神经刺激SCD:sudden cardiac death 心源性猝死DC:树突状细胞VA：Virtual Application 椎动脉TdP:远红外线治疗灯;特定电磁波PVCS：盆腔静脉淤血症pelvic venous congestion syndrome,PCV:红细胞比积测定MVO2：FG:纤维蛋白原PLT：血小板PVC室性早搏LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy 左心室肥大MI:心梗GP:膜糖蛋白；环境基因组计划VLP:心室晚电位ventricular late potential；类病毒颗粒LVOT：左心室流出道
西湖草莓
你这家伙费了大家多少口舌？早搏，就是提前来的心跳A----------A----------A----------A A ------ A----------A----------A 22上面的A就是早搏，但起搏点可能不同，心房起搏的叫房早，接下来有房室交界区早搏，心室引起的室性早搏。。。分析蛮复杂。你知道这意思就行了
淇淇爱添添
1VT,RAD,小伙子,每股收益,视点、SCD、DC、VA,计划书,ICD,PVC,成品,付费,MVO2、PLT、PVC、LVH、心肌梗塞、车牌,LVOT大奖赛,我也不太懂，但网上翻出来是这样的。
优质英语培训问答知识库
