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高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！
阅读理解之主旨大意题
我们阅读一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明确其主旨。因此， 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。
解题技巧
1.弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。
2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即
快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时， 该句很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
3.关于干扰项和正确答案。
(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式： (1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式：
①What's the main idea/point of the passage?
②The passage is mainly about________.
③The passage is mainly concerned about________.
④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?
⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.
⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.
⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.
(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：
①What's the purpose of the passage?
②The passage is meant to________.
③The purpose of the article is to________.
④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.
⑤The passage tells us that________.
⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...
(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：
①The best title of the passage is________.
②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
③The best title for the passage is________.
④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
典型例析
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop
pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A Wheelchair Experience.
B.Weakness and Kindness.
C.Weakness and Strength.
D.A Driving Experience
解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。
答案：B
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable
products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
45.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To introduce a new business model.
B.To compare two business models.
C.To predict a change of the global market.
D.To advocate sustainable development.
解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进
行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。
答案：D
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often
be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting
D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。
答案：A
(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination
…
It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.
30.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell us an interesting story.
B.To help us make right decisions.
C.To advise us to care about children.
D.To encourage us to use our imagination.
解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。
答案：D
一杯清茶NJ
标题 topic
主旨 main idea. main idea是围绕着topic而写的
Topic ==> 题目/主题 （一篇文章的题目, 一个段落的小标题，缩减所成的最精炼的词语）Main idea ==> 主要思想 （一片文章想要表达的主要意思）Topic 相当于金字塔的塔尖，是文章的最高点（即主题思想）Main idea 相当于金字塔的塔身，是文章的主要脉络
搜奇猎怪
阅读理解---归纳概括主题 ( Title and Main Idea )归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考常考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解, 总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。 要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木, 更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。 找出主题句(topic sentence) 是一个有用的方法。 中心意思(main idea)通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳题目(the best title)可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。 除常见的提问以外，这种题型的提问方式还有： The main point of the passage is ... The passage deals mainly with ... The passage is about ... What does the passage mainly discuss? What is the author’s main purpose ?
samantha427
英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧
由于大纲要求读懂议论文和说明文，而真正的考研当中大概95%都是议论文，而考议论文的话，最重要的就是考议论文最具有标志性的东西，也就是说议论文主要考的就是论点和论据，那论点表现在题目上最有标志性的就是主旨大意题。很多同学反应文章的主旨比较难抓，那我从文章的结构入手，旨在给学生梳理清楚!
(一)主旨大意题的命题规律
1.从考查的对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种：
(1)篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。
(2)段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(几)句，需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.从考查的内容上划分，还可分为主题类(内容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的类(考查文章或段落的写作目的)和标题类(要求考生选出文章的最佳标题)三种。
主旨大意题经常用main idea, main point, key point, maintopic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等词语来表达。
(二)主旨大意题的常考点
1.段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表达了文章的.中心思想，或者就是该段的主题句，对全文或全段起着提纲挈领的作用。
2.语义转折处常考：尤其是段首的语义转折，其后面往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，即文章的中心思想所在。
3.因果句常考：因果句通常可以表现出作者的意图、观点甚至全文的主题，因此成为考点。
(三)主旨大意题的7招技巧
一篇文章的主旨往往会在文章的第一段或开头部分找到。作者会通过“首段提问法”、“转移重心法”、“独句段开头”、“类比开头”、“事例开头法”等约定俗称的方式暗示或引入主题。因此，解答主旨题时，大家要首先重点研读文章第一段和第二段的段首句。
1. 首段提问法
如果文章第一段的第一句话、最后一句话或者第二段第一句是一个疑问句，那么本文的主旨就很可能是对该问题的一个解答。在这里同学一定要注意的一点就是并列问句不是主旨。
2. 喜新厌旧类
如果文章第一段先描述一件事情，然后在本段或第二段首句出现转折词，进而表述另一件事情，那么本文主旨就是转折词之后的另一件事。这类题目多会考的一种题型是写作意图题。
3. 事例开头类
如果文章开头引用、叙述个人经历、讲述故事、描写一起事故等方式举例。其目的显然是要通过举例的方法引出文章主题。通常情况下，这类文章的主题都会在首段末句或第二段的首句。
4. 类比开头法
如果一篇文章开头或第一段涉及一项内容A，随后或者第二段开头用到“Now the same thing is happening to B”等表示类比的句型，那么，这时可以确定本文主旨是B内容。
5. 独句段法
如果一篇文章的第一段是一句话，那么本文的主旨就是本句话所表达的内容。
6. 大众观点法
如果作者在文章的开头引用大众的或他人的观点，其目的显然是要通过大众或他人引出自己的观点。通常情况下，这类文章的主题会在表述大众观点或他人观点的句子之后。
7. 各段分述法
有些文章的第一段可能并没有采用上述方法来引入主题，这时可以考虑本篇文章是否采用了“各段分述，围绕主题”的方法。
总而言之，主旨类题在考研英语阅读理解中占据着相当重要的位置，能否正确理解文章主旨，对于作对阅读题具有绝对的指导性意义。而且，尤为关键的是，掌握了文章的主旨，对于其他题目的选择有着相当强的指导作用。
