静静的娇儿
Spanish Cuisine:The Spanish have never acquired the international reputation for haute cuisine enjoyed by their French neighbours. And millions of foreign tourists who flock to Spain’s costas each summer find their menu options at best limited and at worst swimming in garlic! In fact many overseas visitors never sample a taste of the “real Spain” because the most popular coastal areas have been saturated with fast food joints and international restaurants. To savour the truly wonderful world of Spanish food it’s essential to venture beyond the seaside tourist traps and follow the example of the Spaniards. Food is far more than a way of keeping body and soul together in Spain – it’s an entire experience and the focal point of the Spanish way of life. Influences on Spanish Food Spanish food reflects this vast country’s turbulent history, diverse geography and Mediterranean culture. Centuries of occupation by the Moors, who were the first to cultivate olives and oranges in Spain, made a huge impact on the Spanish diet as did decades of extreme poverty suffered by millions under Franco’s repressive regime. You can taste the Moorish influence in the huge variety of Spanish dishes flavoured with cumin, saffron and other exotic spices. The sumptuous soups and stews which you’ll find all over Spain today were the staple diet of peasant communities, surviving on home grown vegetables and meat bones stewed for hours to eke out very ounce of flavour (just like grandma used to make!) Paella - the most famous Spanish food It was the poor peasant people of the Valencian region who invented Spain’s most famous dish, paella. The original recipe combined home grown veg (usually green and broad beans) with off cuts of rabbit and the short grain rice mass produced around the city of Valencia thanks to the sophisticated irrigation system introduced by the Moors. Even today this is the traditional Valencian paella which you’ll find in thousands of towns, villages and isolated mountain pueblos throughout the region. It’s cheap, full of flavour and filling which were the three ingredients most sought after by those struggling to survive in the dire days during and after the Spanish Civil War. This kind of paella is a far cry from the exotic dishes you’ll find down at the seafront where chefs throw in an abundance of mussels, clams, langoustines and other pricey trimmings designed to tempt tourists with plenty of money to spend. No matter where you are in Spain, as a general rule of thumb you’ll get tastier food for far less money if you eat where the Spanish eat and follow them along to the street markets which are a treasure trove of fresh, cheap and high quality local produce. Spain is the second largest country in western Europe and there are many regional variations in terms of the local cuisine. But the national diet is characterised by a reliance on olive oil for cooking and flavouring and a passion for all kinds of fish. Spanish workmen eat octopus washed down with a brandy or glass of red wine for breakfast and toddlers happily tuck into a plate of snails or clams at any time of day (can you imagine a British kid?!) Food in Andalucia The Costa del Sol is famed for its grilled sardines, barbecued on the beach in the summer months, whilst wider Andalucia brought us Gazpacho (chilled tomato soup) and the delightful habit of serving tapas with every drink. Traditionally a tapa, which means cover in Spanish, was served free with a drink – maybe a morsel of dried ham, manchego cheese or tortilla. The snack was placed on the small plate used to cover the drink to keep away flies. In most tourist centres these days you have to pay for your tapas but they’re still served free in many inland areas of Andalucia and elsewhere around the country. Galicia, in the north west corner of Spain, is the place to visit for some of the finest fresh fish in the world. And in many regions where the numbers of pigs and sheep outnumber people, you’ll find a heavy reliance on pork and lamb dishes. Pork is the most widely eaten meat in Spain – partly because the Moors refused to eat it so cooking with pork became almost a part of the Christian religion! An exciting way of exploring Spanish food and wine is through culinary tours in Spain. You can find all sorts of them, from wine tasting in Rioja to tapas tours in cities like Madrid and Barcelona, as well as cooking lessons in emblematic places and olive oil or serrano ham routes. Choose an area in Spain to read more about different types of spanish food.
ruby纸鸢
楼上的维基百科的英文我给你中文的参照一下西班牙，正式名称为西班牙王国（西班牙语：Reino de España；英语：Kingdom of Spain），是一个位于欧洲西南部的国家。西班牙拥有悠久的历史。在公元前35,000年前后，西班牙就出现了智人。公元前九世纪左右腓尼基人、古希腊人、迦太基人以及凯尔特人开始进入伊比利亚半岛。随后到了公元前218年，罗马人开始占领伊比利亚半岛。罗马人的入侵对现代西班牙的语言、宗教和法律产生了深远的影响。公元四世纪，日耳曼部落入侵。到公元五世纪，西班牙被西哥特人征服，随后在公元711年，穆斯林的北非人摩尔人入侵西班牙，西班牙人开始了驱逐入侵者的战争。这场战争持续到1492年。在1512年，西班牙完成了统一。15世纪末，西班牙已经成为一个殖民大国，逐渐成为西班牙帝国(Spanish Empire)。16世纪，西班牙通过在美洲获得的巨大财富成为欧洲最强大的国家。但是然而由此引发的持续反抗斗争最终使得西班牙的国力衰退下来。18世纪的君主王位继承战争使得西班牙陷入了毁灭的灾难，西班牙先后失去了比利时、卢森堡、米兰等地。随着19世纪法国拿破仑的入侵，西班牙在整个19世纪的大部分时间都在进行反抗斗争。这时期西班牙开始失去她在美洲的殖民地，并最终导致了1898年的美西战争。20世纪的初期曾经带来的一段时期的和平，独裁统治（1923年—1931年）结束后第二共和国诞生。随着政党的日益增多，以及其他各方面的压力，连同未受控制的暴力活动，导致了1936年七月发生了西班牙内战。接着国家主义者打败共和党人上台，弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥开始对西班牙实施长达36年的独裁统治。然而，在20世纪60年代到70年代里，西班牙转变成为一个拥有繁荣旅游业的现代工业经济国家，佛朗哥将军于1975年9月去世，在此之前他指定了胡安·卡洛斯王子作为他的后继者。胡安·卡洛斯王子假装答应接受了国王以及国家元首的头衔，但却开始领导西班牙向更文明的现代化民主国家转变，特别是反对了1981年的政变企图。1976年7月国王任命原国民运动秘书长阿·苏亚雷斯为首相，开始向西方议会民主政治过渡。这标志着西班牙同佛朗哥专制制度的彻底决裂。西班牙在1982年加入了北大西洋公约组织，随后在1986年，西班牙加入了欧洲联盟。
journeyjasm
The Spanish capital of Madrid is a sign of a standing enough to eat apples bears. It is located 670 meters above sea level the mountain basin, which is the European capital of one of the highest terrain. Here beautiful, sunny, fresh air, the annual number of sunny abode of the first major European capital. In ancient times, but Madrid is the Manzanares River in a small village, the Romans, Visigoths and Arabs here has ruled. Madrid's name from the 10th century AD construction of the Arabs here to Sema Ji-face. 1083, the Spanish foreign rulers expelled from the Iberian Peninsula. 1562, Felipe II moved to the capital from Toledo at the heart of the strategic peninsula to be in Madrid. At that time, the city only 30,000 residents, but today the Madrid already has a population of nearly 4 million, a Spanish political, economic, cultural, transport and financial centre. Madrid is now a modern city. Spain 10 per cent of the total industrial output value from this capital of the machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, construction, leather and wood processing, food and industrial sectors. Since the 1851 Madrid the first opening of the railway, with Madrid has more than 20 domestic cities and major cities in the world-aircraft flights, Spain's network of highways to Madrid as the center extends to all parts of the country. Madrid city subway traffic is the main mode of transportation, the MTR of about 100 kilometers a day out of 1 million people from top to bottom. Madrid numerous sites throughout the city. More than 1,000 victories, more than 3,000 square, 50 museums, this 1992 was named "European Cultural City" of the ancient city filled with a thick atmosphere of history. Three main square - the Sun Gate Square, the central square and Spain Square, between the triangle is the centre of Madrid. Sun Gate Square, known as the centre of Spain, where there is a sign that the Spaniards as the basis of calculation to all parts of the country's automobile, rail, air mileage. Spain on the Spanish Square, the famous Cervantes Monument, the monument is one of the founding of Spain's Queen Isabel and the symbol of calm as the Mediterranean and the Atlantic raging two pools, the other side is world-renowned German court Kat River and the main Sangqiu Total statue. Columbus monument in a Columbus Square, Yao Wang distant Columbus statue at the foot of San Wei and his boat-shaped fountain Madrid is one of the landmark building. The earth goddess sculpture on the square of the "lion chariot" the image are often used to mark Madrid, the Plaza is well-known club Real Madrid fans celebrating the site. With the recent decade or two to the development of the tourism industry, in addition to Madrid, a lot of new organs, such as commercial buildings, also to build many of the major foreign tourists for the rest gorgeous hotels and guesthouses. In the new building, "the European door," whether in construction or in the aesthetics on both stunning. Parallelogram two symmetrical towers are located on both sides of the highway, dramatic tilt to the other. This is held in Madrid for the construction of the building of the EU, showed a brave and fearless Haoqi. Political [Political] March 11, 2004, Madrid terrorist bombings, the West had far-reaching political implications. Despite the change of government, but Western social stability and economic Wenzhongyousheng. The new Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero strongly promote "dialogue and consultation", a series of the socialist party with the traditional color of the left-wing policies. To the implementation of macroeconomic stability, maintaining fiscal balance as the focus of economic policy. The implementation of democratic reform, concern the interests of vulnerable groups. In the fight against domestic violence, the problem of illegal immigrants, raise the minimum wage and pensions and to increase scholarships in enacting or amending the relevant laws or regulations. Intensify anti-terrorism efforts, actively carry out international cooperation to fight terrorism. [Constitution] the current constitution in the December 6, 1978 through national referendum, take effect on December 29. Spain is a constitutional and democratic society the rule of law, the implementation of parliamentary monarchy, the throne from Juan Carlos I of the immediate and future generations of hereditary. King as Head of State and the armed forces supreme commander, on behalf of the state. Government is responsible for administering the country and to report to Parliament. The Constitution recognizes and guarantees the autonomy of all ethnic groups. [Council] by the composition of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the exercise of legislative power, approving the budget, monitor government work. Mainly to the legislative power of the House of Representatives, the Senate is in the House of Representatives. Members elected by universal suffrage for a term of four years. The Parliament in April 2004 component. Rep. 350, 259 senators (including 51 appointed by the borough council). The two seats allocated as follows: Senate, House of Representatives Workers Socialist Party 164 95 People's Party 148 126 Unity and the United 10 6 Republican Left 8 -- Catalan coalition - 16 United Left 5 -- Basque Nationalist Party 7 7 Lee added that the 3 4 Other parties 5 4 House Speaker Manuel Gonzalez Erma Lin (Manuel Marín González, M), took office in April 2004. Senate President Francisco Kehaweier Nugroho Garcia (Francisco Javier Rojo García, M), took office in April 2004. They are the Socialist Party. [Government] is in the April 18, 2004 inauguration, the existing 17 Cabinet members. Are: Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero (José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero), First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Prime Minister's Office, a government spokesman said Maria Teresa Fernandez Delaweijia Sanz (female) (María Teresa Fernández de la Vega Sanz), Second Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy, Finance Minister Pedro Solbes Mira (Pedro Solbes Mira), Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Migeeran赫尔莫拉蒂Nuosi Ku Yawu 100 (Miguel Ángel Moratinos Cuyaubé), and so on. [The judiciary] is the lead agency of the Judiciary Committee, of which 20 members of the President of the Supreme Court concurrently the President. Judiciary Court of Justice at the Administrative Court and the two systems. Supreme Court President Francisco Dr Seai Fernando (Francisco José Hernando), National President of the Court, Carlos Di Waer (Carlos Divar). The highest procuratorial institutions of the country's Procuratorate, the procuratorates at all levels administered stationed in the judiciary and prosecutors. State Attorney General Candido de - Pompi more (Candido Conde-Pumpido). [West] a multi-party system of political parties. Major political parties are: (1) Spanish Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español): ruling party. Founded in 1879, about 410,000 existing members. The party in 1982 to 1996, four times reelected to govern. Chairman Manuel Chavez (Manuel Chaves), general secretary Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero (José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero). April 2004, the Socialist Party won the election, came to power. (2) People's Party (Partido Popular): name of the alliance, founded in 1977, 1989 renamed People's Party. The implementation of the "middle reformism" line. About 600,000 existing members. Shortly after its establishment in the country's political arena emerge, the force has expanded. May 1996 first came to power. April 2000 reelected to govern. Chairman Mariano La Huoyi (Mariano Rajoy), General Secretary Angel Erhe Su Santos Sebes (Angel Jesús Acebes). 2004 defeat in the general election and become the largest opposition party. (3) The Spanish Communist Party (Partido Comunista de España): Founded in 1920, about 40,000 party members, the general secretary Francisco Flores Frutos (Francisco Frutos). West Republican other left parties to form a joint it mainly left-wing (Izquierda Unida), about 50,000 party members.加斯帕尔利Llamazares (Gaspar Llamazares) as the focal point. (4) Catalan League for Democracy (Convergencia Democrática de Cataluña): and other nationalist parties - the Democratic Solidarity Party of Catalonia (Union Democrática de Cataluña) in the autonomous region of Catalonia Ruling. 1975 to set up, members of about 10,000. Chairman Jordi Carles Puyol (Jordi Pujol), general secretary of Azerbaijan plans Palmas (Artur Mas). (5) Basque Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Vasco): 1895 established the Basque Autonomous Region ruling party, and about 40,000 party members. Chairman Huosuhuoen Yi Masi (Josu Jon Imaz). [Military] forces from the regular army and paramilitary forces (national security forces), with the king as the supreme commander. National Defense Commission, is the highest policy-making body on national defense, and the king of the Chairman, the Prime Minister presided over the work. Members of deputy prime minister, defence and foreign affairs, Minister of the Interior, Defense Chief of Staff, Armed Forces chief of staff. Department of Defense responsible for defense policy and led the defense industry. Armed Forces Joint Chiefs of Staff, is the Prime Minister and Defense Minister's military consultant. Chief of the Defence Staff Felix Sisang Si Roldan (Félix Sanz Roldán) General. March 2001 the Council by decree, the decision on December 31, 2001 abolished compulsory military service, and the army of occupation. 2005 defense budget 6.991 billion euros, accounting for the gross domestic product of 0.8 percent. West of regular army troops to 121,000 people, including 77,100 army, navy 19,400, 21,000 air force, armed forces reserve a total of 328,500 people. In addition, 53,000 National Police, National Guard 71,000 people. Since 2004, the revocation of the three services of the original formed, and in accordance with the functions and division of tasks, set up a six Operations Command, 10 troop support agencies to reduce the command level, to strengthen operational efficiency. Diplomacy [External Relations: Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero came to power after a substantial adjustment of foreign policy. In handling international affairs that take a pragmatic and effective multilateral policy, emphasized that the United Nations a leading role in promoting dialogue between different civilizations, the establishment of the World Alliance of Civilizations. To pursue the "European" as a key, in a bid to be in the center of the building of the European Union. To consolidate and strengthen the Latin American countries and the friendly relations of cooperation and actively promote the development of the EU's cooperation with Latin America. Efforts to restore and develop the North African countries in the region, the Mediterranean region to promote security and cooperation, that the EU and NATO's eastward expansion at the same time take into account in the south. Concern in the Middle East peace and stability, actively promoting the "road map" plan, aimed at resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict do something. In the Asia-Pacific region to strengthen the political and economic presence, with the focus on the development of China, Japan, Korea and Southeast Asian countries relations. West and the nearly 200 countries and regions have diplomatic, consular and commercial relations. In 2003-2004, the UN Security Council non-permanent members of the Council and the Chairman of the CTC. [EU's relations with the West - Europe and pursue, as the European pillar of its foreign policy tradition of the first three, and integration into the EU within the EU to play a greater role in the West is the fundamental foreign policy. That a strong and united Europe is the protection of world progress, the EU should have true security defense policy and in the prevention and settlement of international and regional conflicts play an active role in an effective and credible, according to shoulder the Charter of the United Nations in safeguarding world peace and security Responsibility. February 2005, on the West, "the EU constitutional treaty" hold a referendum, the EU adopted the first EU constitution by referendum on the country. West and the EU member countries to maintain close relations, and strengthen with France, Germany, "the traditional close and friendly relations." With Germany, France, Italy and Portugal established a mechanism of regular meetings between the heads of government. EU member states is the West's main trade partners, at present, 64 per cent of the West imports and exports of more than 71 percent of the EU member countries, foreign investment in the West more than 50 percent from EU countries. [Relations with Latin American countries - the West and the traditional Latin American countries have special relations, the development of relations with Latin American countries as its strategic focus. Priority between the two sides stressed that maintaining and expanding political dialogue and cooperation mechanism to help Latin American countries strengthen and consolidate democracy, strengthen civil society in support of Latin American economic integration and political consultation mechanisms and sustainable development. October 2005, the West held the 15th Ibero-American Summit. Continue to strengthen and Latin American countries in the field of political and economic exchanges and cooperation, expanding the trade scale and promote bilateral cooperation and development. Western ideas through the establishment of the EU - Latin America strategic partnership relations, and promoting closer to the EU and Latin America.
