定语从句英文教案

下面是我整理的高一英语定语从句教案，欢迎阅读。

一、定语从句及相关术语

定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

请看示例：1、The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 2、An architect is a person who designs buildings. 3、I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.

二、关系词功能及用法：

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, 等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用： ①连接作用，引导定语从句。 ②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 ③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。

三、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

注意事项：that在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物;which在从句中作主语或是宾语，只能指物;who，whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语，只能指人;whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的，也可以为非限制性的。先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

2)which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)

The film (which / that) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(which / that在句中作宾语)

3) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书

练习：

1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

A. that B. who C. whom D. this

2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.

A. whom B. which C. who D. whose

3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.

A. that B. whose C. which D. her

4. The language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

A. which B. that C. / D. it

5. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.

A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who

6. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.

Please show me the book _____ cover is green.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. this

7. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A. the one B. which C. who D. whom

四：关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词when在从句中作时间状语, where在从句中作地点状语, why在从句中作原因状语。 例如：

I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.

I did not get a pay rise, but this was not the reason why I left.

Is this the reason why he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

练习：

1. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.

A. in that B. when C. where D. there

2. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?

A. where B. in that C. that D. which

3. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

4. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?

A. that B. when C. what D. on that

5. The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.

A. when B. that C. where D. in which

6. October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.

A. which B. when C. where D. in which

注意： 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错(注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)

(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

1. I still remember/will never forget the days ________ we studied/lived together//worked day and night to support the whole family.

A) which B) in which C) on that D) on which E) in that

1. I still remember/will never forget the days ________ we spent together.

A) which B) in which C) on that D) on which E) in that

2. I still remember/will never forget the day ________ I first came to the college.

A) which B) in which C) on that D) on which E) in that

4. I still remember the day ________ we first met on.

A) which B) in which C) on that D) on which E) in that