极限抗拉强度英文

Tensile strengthelasticity coefficientstretch limit

抗拉强度：Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), often shortened to tensile strength (TS) or ultimate strength,[1][2] is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking. Tensile strength is distinct fromcompressive strength.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength屈服强度：yield strengthA yield strength or yield point of a material is defined in engineering and materials scienceas the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Prior to the yield point the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible. In the three-dimensional space of the principal stresses (), an infinite number of yield points form together ayield surface.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_(engineering)延伸率：ductility is a solid material's ability to deform undertensilestress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductility断面收缩率：The percentage decrease in the cross- sectional area of a tensile test piece caused by wasting or necking of the specimen. It is expressed as a percentage of the original area of the test piece and is a measure of ductility. 在维基百科里面，比例极限，弹性极限，屈服强度，都指向屈服强度（yield strength)

抗拉强度 compressive strengthCompressive strength is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size.屈服强度 yield strengthA yield strength of a material is defined in engineering and materials science as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.比例极限 proportionality limit Up to this amount of stress, stress is proportional to strain (Hooke's law), so the stress-strain graph is a straight line, and the gradient will be equal to the elastic modulus of the material.弹性极限 elastic limit Beyond the elastic limit, permanent deformation will occur. The elastic limit is therefore the lowest stress at which permanent deformation can be measured. 延伸率 stretch ratioThe stretch ratio or extension ratio is a measure of the extensional or normal strain of a differential line element, which can be defined at either the undeformed configuration or the deformed configuration. 断面收缩率 shrinkage ratioWhen the material tensioning fracture section decreased, the ratio of cross-sectional area reduced to the original area of the section is called shrinkage ratio.

1、屈服强度：yield strength

英 [ji:ld streŋθ]   美 [jild strɛŋkθ]

屈变力，屈服强度，抗屈强度

The aim is to obtain a high yield strength, elastic limit and high toughness.

其目的是获得高的屈服强度，弹性极限和较高的韧性。

2、抗拉强度：tensile strength

英 [ˈtensəl streŋθ]   美 [ˈtɛnsəl strɛŋkθ]

n.抗张强度

Certain materials can be manufactured with a high tensile strength.

有些材料可以制造成抗拉强度大的产品。

屈服强度的判定

屈服前的第一峰值应力被判断为上屈服强度，而不管其后的峰值应力的大小。

在屈服阶段出现两个或多个最小应力，并且丢弃第一个最小应力。剩余最小值的最小值是较低的屈服强度。如果只有一个最小应力，则将其视为较低的屈服强度。

平台在屈服阶段，平台应力被确定为较低的屈服强度。如果出现多个平台且后者高于前者，则第一平台应力被视为较低的屈服强度。较低的屈服强度必须低于上屈服强度。

传统的强度设计方法，对于塑料材料，屈服强度是标准，允许应力[σ] =σys/ n，安全系数n一般为2或更大，脆性材料由拉伸强度决定。允许应力[σ] =σb/ n，安全系数n一般取6。

屈服强度不仅可以直接使用，而且是材料的一些机械性能和工艺性能的一般测量。例如，材料屈服强度增加，对应力腐蚀和氢脆敏感;材料屈服强度低，冷成型性能和焊接性能良好等。因此，屈服强度是材料性能不可或缺的指标。

psi就是磅每平方英寸的缩写。14psi相当于1bar也就是0.1mpa。

抗拉强度（ Rm）指材料在拉断前承受最大应力值。当钢材屈服到一定程度后，由于内部晶粒重新排列，其抵抗变形能力又重新提高，此时变形虽然发展很快，但却只能随着应力的提高而提高，直至应力达最大值。

此后，钢材抵抗变形的能力明显降低，并在最薄弱处发生较大的塑性变形，此处试件截面迅速缩小，出现颈缩现象，直至断裂破坏。钢材受拉断裂前的最大应力值称为强度极限或抗拉强度。

试样在拉伸过程中，材料经过屈服阶段后进入强化阶段后随着横向截面尺寸明显缩小在拉断时所承受的最大力（Fb），除以试样原横截面积（So）所得的应力（σ）。

称为抗拉强度或者强度极限（σb），单位为N/（MPa）。它表示金属材料在拉力作用下抵抗破坏的最大能力。计算公式为：σ=Fb/So式中：Fb--试样拉断时所承受的最大力，N（牛顿）； So--试样原始横截面积，mm²。