bacteria英文意思

细菌的结构是什么？

我们在读英文科学论文时，会常常看到germ和bacteria这两个词，虽然两词都可以表示细菌，但是两词的具体含义和用法是有区别的，具体如下：

一：含义解释

germ 英 [dʒɜːm]  美 [dʒɜːrm]  n. 微生物;细菌;病菌;起源;发端;萌芽;胚芽;胚原基;芽孢;胚胎

bacteria 英 [bækˈtɪəriə]   美 [bækˈtɪriə]  n. 细菌

相同点：两者都可表示细菌

不同点：germ和bacteria的区别就是前者都是指有害的细菌，而后者包括所有有益的细菌和有害的细菌。

二：用法区分

germ 是普遍意义上的 “细菌” （通常是日常用）； bacteria 是医学术语上的 “细菌”。

三：典型例句

1、germ

——Our immune systems are killing billions of germs right now.

我们的免疫系统正在杀死数以十亿计的细菌。

——Dirty hands can be a breeding ground for germs.

脏手会滋生病菌。

——Your dishcloth can harbour many germs.

洗碗布中可能藏有很多病菌。

2、bacteria

——The bacteria were growing in a sugar medium.

细菌在糖基中生长。

——The bacteria were then examined under a/ the microscope.

随后把细菌放到显微镜下进行检查。

——It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.

在实验室里繁殖这些细菌是可能的。

Germ,microbe,bacterium,bacillus,virus: Though not strict synonyms,are comparable because all denote organisms invisible to the naked eye,including organisms that are the causative agents of various diseases. Germ and microbe are the ordinary nonscientific names for such an organism and especially for one that causes disease. Bacteria,the plural of bacterium and the form commonly in general use,is often employed as the equivalent of designation of a large group of prokaryotic microbes which are found widely distributed in water,air,soil,living things,and dead organic matter,which have structural and biological characteristics distinguishing them from other unicellular microorganisms (as protozoans),and only some of which are instrumental in producing disease in man,animals,and plants.In addition to the pathogenic or disease-causing bacteria there are the saprophytic bacteria which live upon dead or decaying organic matter and which,for the most part,are beneficial in their effects which include many natural chemical processes (as fermentation,oxidation,and nitrification). From Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of synonyms

细菌的英文是：bacteria。

bacteria

英 [bæk'tɪəriə] 美 [bæk'tɪriə]

n. (复数)细菌。

Bacteria are too small to see with the naked eye.

细菌太小，肉眼看不见。

It is possible to multiply bacteria and other living organisms in the laboratory.

在实验室能够繁殖细菌和其他生物。

近义词：

bacterium

英 [bæk'tɪəriəm] 美 [bæk'tɪriəm]

n. 细菌。

Most of disease is caused from bacterium.

大多数疾病都是由细菌引起的。

A bacterium was identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.

一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。