机器猫TJ
学好英语的语法是相当重要的。下面是我收集整理的 八年级 英语语法知识以供大家学习。
八年级英语语法知识(一)
动词形态不对应
下面两则 广告 中的第二个动词形态就和前面的不对应，因此属于一种字形上的错误：
① If you intend to buy or sell your property or having any queries, please feel free to call me .
② You will be in charge of interviewing and shortlisting candidates and to assist in the recruitment of 500 staff.
在第一句里的“having”应改为“have”才对。不然，就要把这个分句完全写出来：
“…… or if you have any queries, ……”
第二句里的“and”是衔接前面的动名词“interviewing and shortlisting”和后面的动名词“assisting”。显然，这里不用动名词而用不定式动词“to assist”，也是犯了动词形式不对应的错误，非改正不可。
还有，根据字词的排列，“shortlisting”要排在“ interviewing”前面，才合逻辑。
①和②这类的错误相当普遍。虽然这样的错误不会影响人们对 文章 的理解，但是总不是件文字上的好事，还是多多注意，尽量避免好。
同样的，下列5个从学生作业中找出来的 句子 ，也犯了同样的毛病：
③ This will enable the parent to experience the new style of life and allows him or her enough time to consider settling down.
④ Utopianism violates the human conscience, denies privacy to individuals and discard human rights.
⑤ They have to reach a decision on either sending their child to a day-care centre or employ a maid.
⑥ It is very hard to relate the stories through other means and at the same time retains the critical aspects of the book.
⑦ This problem can be solved by developing correct language skills, concentrating on studies day by day, and try not to exert too much pressure.
③到⑦句子里的动词形态的错误是明显的，改正也是容易的，即：
③ allow; ④ discards; ⑤ employing; ⑥ retain; ⑦ trying.
八年级英语语法知识(二)
英语多义词
由于一词多义在英语词汇的运用上非常重要，这里不厌其烦地再举一个家喻户晓的常用字 break，以加强我对这点的重视。
作为动词，break 有下列 12 个常用意思：
① 打破、断，如：(a)If you drop the cup, you will break it. (b)The rope suddenly broke.
② 违反、违约，如：(a)Don't break the law. (b)Tom is notorious for breaking promises.
③ 伤、毁，如：(a)Tony broke Jane's heart by not marrying her. (b)Judy dropped her watch and broke it.
④ 中断、打断，如：(a)The barking of the dog broke our sleep. (b)The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.
⑤ 破晓，如：They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.
⑥ 放弃，如：It is hard to break the habit of smoking.
⑦ 开路，如：We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.
⑧ 毫无得失，如：He bought the sewing machine at $700 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.
⑨ 闯入，如：A thief broke into my neigbour's house and ran away with some valuables.
⑩ 爆发，如：If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?
11. 突破，如：The soldiers tried to break through the enemy's line.
12. 停止，如：The meeting suddenly broke up.
当名词时，break 有 5 个常见义，如下：
① 裂口：Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.
② 拂晓：Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.
③ 吃茶点时间：A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.
④ 休息：There is one-hour break for lunch.
⑤ 变动：The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.
八年级英语语法知识(三)
动词主语别忘了呼应
根据英语语法规律，形容词分句(也叫定语从句，adjective clause)里的动词必须和主句里的先行词(antecedent)呼应。先行词是单数，形容词分句中的动词便是单数;先行词是复数，形容词分句中的动词便是复数。例如：
① Do you know the woman who is walking the dog?(陪狗散步)
② Those who have performed well in the tournament will be rewarded.
在①里，先行词the woman是单数，形容词分句里的动词is也是单数。反之，②里的先行词those是复数，who后面的动词也是复数have.
根据这原则，who is upgrading 中的is便要改为are了。
动词与主语不呼应的错误比比皆是。除了上述例子外，常见的错误还有下面几种类型：
③Has Mr and Mrs Li decided to emigrate?
④Do your uncle live in Malaysia?
⑤There is several beautiful paintings on the wall.
⑥The news of Henry's resignation were received with great surprise.
⑦What we are doing are good for the nation as a whole.
⑧Someone have forgotten to turn off the light.
在③里，助动词 has 和复数主语 Mr and Mrs Li 不符，要改为 have.第④句里的 do 和 your uncle 不搭配，要改为 does.第⑤ 句里的 is 和真正主语 paintings 的数不一致，应改为 are.这个句子也可改变为：“Several beautiful paintings are on the wall”。在⑥里的主语 news，其形式是复数，但意思是单数，动词也要单数的 was received 才行。⑦里的主语是名词分句(noun clause)，是个单数的单位，动词也要单数的 is，不是 are.在⑧ 里的主语 someone 是单数代名词，随后的动词必须是 has forgotten 才对。
上述动词和主语不一致的毛病，屡见不鲜;即使英语能力好的人，也难幸免。
下面这句英语很好，但是里面的动词对吗?是 has 还是 have 呢?
“Its unique concept and impressive magnitude has made it the talking point of the region.”
既然这句的主语是由 concept 和 magnitude 组成，便是复数，谓语动词当然也要复数 have 才是。
好心坏丫头
掌握好英语语法是学好英语的重要环节。下面是我收集整理的初二英语语法知识点以供大家学习。
初二英语语法知识点：定冠词the的运用
“If you have the intention to sell your flat. Please don't hesitate to call us, we'll offer you hightest selling price.”
第一个错误是句型形式“have the intention to sell”的错误;正确的形式是：intend to sell 或 have the intention of selling.
另外两个错误和标点符号有关。一个是在副词分句后面不该用句点而用;另一个是应该用句点的地方而不用。
“If……flat”是条件副词分句，不可独立生存，必须依赖后头的主句“please……us”，才可以成为完整的复杂句(complex sentence)。这样一来，主句前面的句点，就要改成逗号(，)了。
另外一个错误是两个主句之间既没有句点也没有连接词，而只有逗号;这种错误叫 run-on sentence：
“……， please don't hesitate to call us, we……”
这个 句子 里的逗号(，)要改为句点(。)才对：
“……Please don't hesitate to call us. We……”
不用句点也可以，但要用恰当的连接词，如：
“……，please don't hesitate to call us, as we'll offer you……”
谈了3 个错误，现在来谈最后一个错误，就是定冠词( definite article)的消失：
“We'll offer you highest selling price.”
习惯上，最高级形容词(the superlative degree of adjectives)前面要用定冠词 the.因此，这句话要改为：
“We'll offer you the highest selling price.”
必须使用定冠词的例子
接下来，顺便把其他必须用定冠词的场合列下，作为参考。
一、表示世上唯一的事物，如：
①the sun; the earth; the sky; the North Pole
二、当一个名词被再次提起时，如：
②A car knocked against a tree. We can still see the mark on the tree made by the car.
三、当名词后面有个修饰作用的 短语 或分句时，如：
③The girl in red is my sister.
④The thief who stole your wallet yesterday was arrested.
四、加在某些形容词前面，以表示某类人或事，如：
⑤The rich often get richer and the poor, poorer.
⑥The doctor lost no time in giving help to the injured.
⑦Don't expect the impossible.
加在某些山川、河流、岛屿、国家名称之前，如：
⑧the Alps; the Thames; the British Isles; the Philippines; the Atlantic Ocean.
初二英语语法知识点：动词的运用
英语的动词必须在人称(person)、数目(number)、性别( gender)和格(case)这些方面和主语取得一致或互相呼应。
在学生的英文 作文 中，动词与主语呼应上的错误，经常出现。
下面这句话来自一个重要的公共部门的通告，里面也出现了动词与主语不一致的错误：
ABC corporation, with its five main subsidiary companies, have taken over the operations of the previous electricity and gas departments of XXX with effect from 1 october 1995.
这里的主语是“ABC corporation”，它是单数的，动词也应该是单数的 has，不是复数的 have，因此犯了动词与主语不对应的错误。
既然这是个常见的错误，我们便要特别留意，并且记住下面这些指导原则：
·动词和主语在人称和数目上要一致，如：
① I am a writer.
② Helen is an editor.
③ They have a good future.
④ Dr Chen teaches us English.
⑤ Some old houses were burnt to the ground.
⑥ A deserted hut has already been demolished.
·两个或两个以上的单数主语由连接词“and”贯串起来时，便成了复数，动词也要复数，如：
⑦ David and Jason are colleagues.
⑧The driver and the passenger were involved in a quarrel.
·两个主语由“with”或“as well as ”等连接时，动词要和第一个主语的人称及数目呼应，如：
⑨ A woman with her puppies is walking along the lake.
⑩ The monitor as well as the other students has been scolded.
·两个主语由“either……or”或“neither……nor”连接时，动词要和第二个主语的人称及数目呼应，如：
11. Either you or your friend is wrong.
12. Neither John nor his classmates have said it.
·集合名词(collective noun)当整体看待时，动词是单数。
13. The steering committee is made up of five members.
14. The jury has made its final decision.
有时可以个别看待集合名词里的成员，这时这些成员合起来便变成复数，动词也是复数了，如：
15. The committee have met once and they will meet again next month.
16. Despite hours of deliberations, the jury were still divided in their opinions.
初二英语语法知识点：不定冠词a/an的用法
不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念，如：
① A stitch in time saves nine.
② Jason is an internationally known scholar.
此外，a/an 还有下列6种用途：
一、常和time、measurement等有关的名词连用，以表示“每—” 的概念，如：
③ I teach five days a week.
④ This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo.
⑤ My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.
二、常和 hundred, thousand, dozen 以及数目及数量连用，如：
⑥ That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day.
⑦ Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars.
⑧ I have a number of sponsored students.
⑨ Mary has a lot of money.
三、在“of / at”后面出现，以表示“同一类”这概念，如：
⑩Birds of a feather flock together.
11. Please come one at a time.
12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.
四、常在“rather, quite, many, half, what, such”等字后面出现，形成固定用法，如：
13. Tom is rather a fool.
14. I think Chinese is quite a useful language.
15. Many a student has asked that question.
16. The visitor left half an hour ago.
17. What a fine day it is!
18. How can you say such a thing?
五、用在“so, as, too, how +形容词”这些结构里，如：
19. We have not had so hot a day before.
20. Susan is as clever a girl as Anna.
21. That is too difficult a book for beginners.
22. No one knew how serious a problem it was until later.
六、出现在许多惯用语中，如：
23. Bob always has a bone to pick with others.
24. Some students turned a deaf ear to the teacher's advice.
25. All must learn a language with an eye to mastering it.
26. I hope you will make an effort to attend the meeting punctually.
27. Jason has an aversion to being idle.
28. The news of Jack's sudden resignation came as a bolt from the blue.
