初中英语单词辨析

1. clothes, cloth, clothing &<60; &<60;clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth 指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称， &<60; &<60;指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident &<60; &<60;incident 指小事件, accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number &<60; &<60;amount 后接不可数名词，number 后接可数名词 a number of students 4. family, house, home &<60; &<60;home 家，包括住处和家人，house 房子，住宅，family 家庭成员。My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise &<60; &<60;sound 自然界各种各样的声音，voice 人的嗓音，noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing &<60; &<60;photo 用照相机拍摄的照片，picture 可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing 画的画 &<60; &<60;Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word &<60; &<60;vocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word 具体的单词 He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people &<60; &<60;population 人口，人数，people 具体的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate &<60; &<60;weather 一天内具体的天气状况，climate 长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way &<60; &<60; road 具体的公路，马路，street 街道，path 小路，小径，way 道路，途径 &<60; &<60; take this road; in the street, Show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject &<60; &<60; course 课程（可包括多门科目），subject 科目（具体的学科）a summer course 12. custom, habit &<60; &<60; custom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do，habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接 of doing. &<60; &<60; I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason &<60; &<60; cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth，reason 用来解释某种现象或 &<60; &<60; 结果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice &<60; &<60; exercise 运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises 练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习。 &<60; &<60; Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson &<60; &<60; 作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用 lesson. 指班级或全体学生用 class. Lesson 6; Class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture &<60; &<60; speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture &<60; &<60; 学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on … 17. officer, official &<60; &<60; officer 部队的军官，official 政府官员 an army officer 18. work, job &<60; &<60; 二者均指工作。work 不可数，job 可数 a good job。 19. couple, pair &<60; &<60; couple 主要指人或动物，pair 多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land &<60; &<60; country 侧重指版图，疆域，nation 指人民，国民，民族，state 侧重指政府，政体，land 国土， &<60; &<60; 国家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker &<60; &<60; cook 厨师，cooker 厨具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages &<60; &<60; damage 不可数名词，损害，损失; damages 复数形式，赔偿金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman &<60; &<60; police 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning &<60; &<60; everyone in the house. 24. problem, question &<60; &<60; problem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise，question 常和疑问连系， &<60; &<60; 多和ask, answer 连用。 25. man, a man &<60; &<60; man 人类，a man 一个男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken &<60; &<60; 二者均可指小鸡，chicken 还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph &<60; &<60; 当电报解时，telegram 指具体的，telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage &<60; &<60; travel 是最常用的，trip 指短期的旅途，journey 指稍长的旅途，voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game &<60; &<60; sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套 &<60; &<60; 规则 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize &<60; &<60; price 价格，prize 奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.&<60;&<60;31. a number of, the number of &<60; &<60; a number of 许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of … 的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of &<60; &<60; students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of &<60; &<60; in front of 范围外的前面，in the front of 范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy. 33. of the day, of a day &<60; &<60; of the day 每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day 暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day 34. three of us, the three of us &<60; &<60; three of us 我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us 我们三个（就三个人）The three of us &<60; &<60; --- Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 35. by bus, on the bus &<60; &<60; by bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus 表范围 They went there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment &<60; &<60; for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment 暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.&<60;&<60;37. next year, the next year &<60; &<60; next year 明年，将来时间状语，the next year 第二年，过去将来时间状语&<60;&<60;&<60; &<60; He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one year &<60; &<60; more than a year 一年多，more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等） 39. take advice, take the(one's) advice &<60; &<60; take advice 征求意见，take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again. 40. take air, take the air &<60; &<60; take air 传播，走漏，take the air 到户外去，散步 We take the air every day. 41. in a word, in words &<60; &<60; in a word 总之，一句话， in words 口头上 In a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place of &<60; &<60; in place of 代替，in the place of 在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one. 43. in secret, in the secret &<60; &<60; in secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密， &<60; &<60; 一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl &<60; &<60; a girl 可泛指所有女孩, one girl 一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box? 45. take a chair, take the chair &<60; &<60; take a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下，take the chair 开始开会 46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea 50. in charge of, in the charge of &<60; &<60; in charge of 管理，负责照料， in the charge of 由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. &<60; &<60; The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in class, in the class &<60; &<60; in class 在课上，in the class 在班级里 He is the best student in the class. 52. on fire, on the fire &<60; &<60; on fire 着火, on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question &<60; &<60; out of question 毫无疑问的，out of the question 不可能的&<60;&<60;54. a second, the second &<60; &<60; a second 又一，再一，the second 第…… He won the second prize. 55. by day, by the day &<60; &<60; by day 白天，by the day 按天计算 The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people &<60; &<60; the people 指人，a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 57. it, one &<60; &<60; it 同一物体，one 同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 58. that, this &<60; &<60; that 指代上文所提到的，this 导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why …. 59. none, nothing, no one &<60; &<60; none 强调有多少，nothing, no one 强调有没有，nothing 指物，no one 指人 &<60; &<60; --- How many …/ How much …? --- None. 60. anyone, any one &<60; &<60; anyone 指人，不能接 of，any one 指人物均可，可接 of any one of you 61. who, what &<60; &<60; who 指姓名或关系，what 指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher. 62. what, which &<60; &<60; what 的选择基础是无限制的，which 在一定范围内进行选择&<60;&<60;&<60; &<60; Which do you prefer, bananas or apples? 63. other, another &<60; &<60; other 后接名词复数，another 后接名词单数 other students, another student 64. not a little, not a bit &<60; &<60; not a little 非常，not a bit 一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。 65. many, much, a lot of &<60; &<60; many 和可数名词连用，much 和不可数名词连用，a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 &<60; &<60; I haven't many books. 66. much more … than, many more … than &<60; &<60; much more … than 后接形容词或不可数名词，many more … than 后接可数名词 many more &<60; &<60; people, much more water, much more beautiful 67. no, not &<60; &<60; no = not a/any no friend = not a/any friend no water = not any water 68. no more than, not more than &<60; &<60; no more than 相当于 only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过 69. majority, most &<60; &<60; majority 只能修饰可数名词，most 可数不可数均可 the majority of people 70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself &<60; &<60; by oneself 单独的，独自的，for oneself 为自己，to oneself 供自己用的，of oneself 自行的， &<60; &<60; 自动的 The door opened of itself. 71. at all, after all &<60; &<60; at all 根本，全然, after all 到底，毕竟 After all he is a child. 72. tall, high &<60; &<60; tall 常指人或动物，high 常指物体 He is tall. 73. fast, quickly &<60; &<60; fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快 &<60; &<60; run fast, answer the question quickly 74. high, highly &<60; &<60; high 具体的高，highly 抽象的高，高度的 think highly of 75. healthy, healthful &<60; &<60; healthy 健康的，健壮的，healthful 有益于健康的 healthful exercise 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy &<60; &<60; sleeping 正在睡觉，asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy 困的，有睡意的&<60;&<60;&<60; &<60; a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy. 77. gold, golden &<60; &<60; gold 指真金制品，golden 指金色的，但金鱼用 gold fish, a gold ring 78. most, mostly &<60; &<60; most 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于 very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词， &<60; &<60; mostly 大部分，是副词 most people, the people are mostly … 79. just, very &<60; &<60; just 表强调时是副词，作状语，very 表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man 80. wide, broad &<60; &<60; wide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad 侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders 81. real, true &<60; &<60; real 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 &<60; &<60; real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectable &<60; &<60; respectful 尊敬，有礼貌，respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged&<60;&<60;83. outwards, outward &<60; &<60; 二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward 还可用作形容词 an outward voyage 84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing &<60; &<60; pleasant 常用作定语，pleased, pleasing 常用作表语，pleased 主语常为人， &<60; &<60; pleasing 主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing. 85. understanding, understandable &<60; &<60; understanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的&<60;&<60;&<60; &<60; an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closely &<60; &<60; close 接近，靠近，closely 紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close 87. ill, sick &<60; &<60; ill 做表语，sick 定，表均可 a sick boy 88. good, well &<60; &<60; good 形容词，well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again. 89. quiet, silent, still &<60; &<60; quiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent 不发出声音，但可以动，still 完全不动，完全无声响 &<60; &<60; He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。 90. hard, hardly &<60; &<60; hard 努力，hardly 几乎不 work hard, I can hardly believe it. 91. able, capable&<60;&<60;&<60; &<60; able 与不定式 to do 连用，capable 与 of 连用 He is capable of doing … 92. almost, nearly &<60; &<60; 二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用用 almost almost nobody&<60;&<60;93. late, lately &<60; &<60; late 迟，晚，lately 最近，近来 I haven't seen him lately. 94. living, alive, live, lively &<60; &<60; living, alive, live 均为活着的，living 定表均可，alive 定表均可，定语后置，live 只能做 &<60; &<60; 定语，lively 意为活波的 all the living people = all the people alive 95. excited, exciting &<60; &<60; excited 使人兴奋的，exciting 令人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is exciting. 96. deep, deeply &<60; &<60; deep 具体的深，deeply 抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 97. aloud, loud &<60; &<60; aloud 出声地，loud 大声地 read aloud (出声地读) 98. worth, worthy &<60; &<60; 二者均为值得，worth 后接 doing，worthy 后接 to be done126. care about, care for &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;care about 关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for 关心，照料，喜欢，愿意&<60;&<60;&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies. 127. catch a cold, have a cold &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;catch a cold 不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用，而 have a cold 可以 &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;She has had a cold for a week. 128. change for, change into &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;change for 调换成，change into 变成 &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice. 129. continue, last &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;二者均为持续，continue 主动，被动均可，last 只能用主动 &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued. 130. feed, raise &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;feed 喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)，raise 饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children) &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;raise the family 131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;go for a doctor 去请医生，go to a doctor 去看病&<60;&<60;132. notice, observe, catch sight of &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;notice 注意到，observe 观察，仔细地看，catch sight of 突然看到 observe the stars 133. insist on, stick to &<60; &<60;&<60; &<60;insist on 坚持要求，后常接 doing, stick to 坚持, 后常接 sth., stick to the plan 134. look, seem, appear &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;look 指从外表上看，seem 指内心的判断，appear 指给人以表面的印象 appear wise, &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;look like his father 135. gather, collect &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;gather 把分散的东西集中到一起，collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps 136. mean to do, mean doing &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;mean to do 打算，想要做某事，mean doing 意思是，意味着&<60;&<60;&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;By this I mean giving the students more practice. 137. die from, die of &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;die from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿， &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold 138. pay for, pay back, pay off &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;pay for 为…付钱，pay back 还钱，但不一定还清，pay off 还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt 139. divide, separate &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;divide 把一个整体分成几部分，separate 把连在一起的个体分开 &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;divide the apple, separate the houses 140. arrive, get, reach &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;arrive 不及物动词，后接 in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get 不及物动词后接 to，reach 及物动词&<60;&<60;&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing 141. grow, plant &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;grow 使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant 移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物 &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;plant the trees, trees are growing 142. manage, try &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;manage to do 设法做成了某事，try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定成功 &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;He tried to pass the exam, but he failed. 143. choose, select &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;choose 凭个人的判断力进行选择，select 有目的地仔细认真地选择 choose the best answer 144. build, put up, set up, found &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;build 一般用语，建成，put up 临时搭建，set up 建成（内部的设施基本齐全）， &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;found 国家或组织的建成 put up a tent, set up a school 145. be familiar to, be familiar with &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;be familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with 某人熟悉某物&<60;&<60;&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book. 146. agree with, agree to, agree on &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;agree with 同意某人，agree to 同意某事，agree on 在……上达成一致意见，主语是复数 &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;agree with you, agree to the plan 147. throw to, throw at &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;throw to 扔到……, throw at 朝……扔 He throw a stone at me. 148. receive, accept &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;receive 收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept 接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it. 149. wear, put on, dress &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;wear 和 dress 表状态, wear 接衣服等，可用进行时，dress 接人，be dressed in, put on 表动作 &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. 150. listen, hear &<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;listen 强调动作，hear 强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing.