梧桐春雨
《老人与海》虽然故事简短却寓意深刻，写的是老渔夫圣地亚哥在连续八十四天没捕到鱼的情况下，终于在第85天的时候发现了一条重量超过1500磅的大麻哈鱼，并开始了长达3天3夜的搏斗，大鱼才终于筋疲力尽浮上水面，被他杀死。在归程中一再遭到鲨鱼的袭击，最后回港时只剩鱼头鱼尾和一条脊骨。 这是一部寓意深远的古典悲剧式的小说，也一部英雄主义的交响曲。 海明威说：“我试图描写一个真正的老人，一个真正的孩子，真正的大海，一条真正的鱼和许多真正的鲨鱼。然而，如果我能写得足够逼真的话，他们也能代表许多其他的事物。”故事描写的老人圣地亚哥是个倒霉的人，84天没捕到鱼，而别的渔夫都把他看做失败者。但这似乎预示着一场战斗的开始，果然，就在第85天，他真的发现了一条1500磅大马哈鱼，明知对方力量比他强，还是决心战斗到底。他对大鱼说：“我跟你奉陪到底！”，最后终获胜利。在老人辛辛苦苦抓到了鱼之后，考验却并没有结束。鱼因为又大又长，他只好将鱼绑在船的一边。回航时，大鱼的血腥味引来了鲨鱼一次又一次的袭击。于是，他用尽一切个人手段来反击。鱼叉被鲨鱼带走了，他把小刀绑在桨上乱扎。刀子折断了，他用短棍。短棍也丢了，他外用舵把来打。尽管结果鱼肉都被咬去了，但什么也无法摧残他的意志。上天似乎会怜惜过这样一位伟大的老人，他将厄运一次又一次降在老人身上，最终他的顽强意志却并没能得到好的结果，回港时只剩下鱼头鱼尾和一条脊骨。 为什么海明威不让老人最后获得胜利呢？这样不是更加能体现英雄的伟大、吗？老人的故事不仅象征着人与自然的关系，而且象征着整个人类坚不可摧的精神。在现实中，他虽然失败了，但在精神上，他却是胜利者，他那顽强搏击的精神，展示了人的高贵和尊严。遍顾所有的人生，谁没有经历过失败呢？哪怕再成功的人。失败的原因可以不尽相同，但无论如何失败总是一个让你难以承受的打击。再出海，你就会有胜利的希望。我想，这种险恶的人生环境和这种坚韧的人生态度，正是这部作品越来越吸引人的原因。 人生本来就是一种无止境的追求，故事中老人曾说：“不过人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不可以被打败。”这句话让我想起贝多芬的《命运交响曲》，贝多芬曾经说过：“我可以被摧毁，但我不能征服。”他们说明了英雄的含义，生命的意义。而文中的这句话也点明了文章的思想：人要勇敢地面对失败。从这个方面看，这本书不是寓言，也不是童话，而是一部现实主义的作品。胜利在这部小说里已经不重要，重要的是一个人的生命价值，老人敢于挑战极限，一次又一次地超越，不得不让我们敬佩，他所带给人类的是一种自信，一种强大的精神力量。 《老人与海》给予我很多人生启示。什么是失败，失败就是要跌倒了重新鼓起勇气爬起来，再一次跌倒再一次爬起，永远不要失去了对生活的希望，不要失去了自己人生的梦想。什么是英雄，英雄就是敢于面对挫折，挑战挫折，战胜自己，战胜挫折的人，他们有勇气完成自己也许失败了很多次的梦想，这才算得上是英雄。很喜欢海明威的《老人与海》，也了解到海明威的生平也有诸多坎坷，经历了战争，经历了疾病和精神的折磨，其实他一次又一次地勇敢过了，可惜最后，他还是选择了以自杀来结束了自己的生命，也许他有自己的理由，但是他却违背了《老人与海》中对失败和英雄的阐述，这是一个遗憾。 失败并不可怕。可怕的是自己对失败屈服，一旦屈服，那么所有梦想都不会实现，这在现实生活中有着很重要的意义，我觉得人生就像老人出海捕鱼一样，会出现那样勇敢地去面对，即使没有成功，也不会因为没有努力而给人生留下遗憾，我们也会是生活的强者，我们的生命也会因为我们付出了努力而精彩。 读《老人与海》这本书，我感到我浑身增添了战胜困难的勇气和力量。无论是今后的教育道路有多少荆棘，多少挫折，我相信只有有老人那般不服输的品质，我一定会是生活的强者。 《老人与海》是一本值得去仔细品味的一本书，就象高尔基的《海燕》，能让我们在暴风雨来临前获得勇气，获取力量。能让我们不管遇到什么困难都信心十足地去面对，坚持到底，决不退缩，向全世界大喊“我就是英雄！”
好想你chen
1. “A Good Man is Hard to Find,” Flannery O’ConnorFew short stories have stuck with us as much as this one, which is probably O'Connor's most famous work — and with good reason. The Misfit is one of the most alarming serial killers we've ever met, all the more so for his politeness, and the story’s moral is so striking and terrifying that — whether you subscribe to the religious undertones or not — a reader is likely to finish and begin to reexamine their entire existence. Or at least we did, the first time we read it.《好人难寻》这篇小说是奥康纳最为著名的作品，很少有其他短篇小说能像这篇一样给我们带来震撼。无论你是否能明了宗教般的潜在含义，看完这篇小说读者都会开始或是结束对存在的检视。2. “The School,” Donald BarthelmeThis story is very short, but pretty much perfect in every way. Though Barthelme is known for his playful, post modern style, we admire him for his ability to shape a world so clearly from so few words, chosen expertly. Barthelme never over explains, never uses one syllable too many, but effortlessly leads the reader right where he wants her to be. It's funny, it's absurdist, it's sad, it's enormous even in its smallness. It may be this writer’s favorite story of all time. You should read it.这篇小说很短，但是堪称完美。巴塞尔姆的优秀就在于他能用精选的极少几个文字就为我们叙述了一个世界。他很少过多地解释，就把读者带到了他想要你去地方。3. “In The Penal Colony,” Franz KafkaKafka called this one his“dirty story,”and thought it imperfect, but it's one of our favorites of his (though we also recommend “The Hunger Artist”and“A Country Doctor”). It's so obviously a story about writing, in some ultimate way — a machine punishes its victims by writing on them over and over until their bodies give out — but its as if, while the body is the source of every problem in the tale, every weakness, it is also the only place where true knowledge can be translated.卡夫卡称自己的这篇小说是一个“很脏的故事”，认为并不完美，但是这个短篇确实我们的最爱之一。在小说中，我们可以体会到，身体是一切问题和弱点的根源，但身体也是唯一能转化真知的地方。4. “Signs and Symbols,”Vladimir NabokovAnother short one, we revere this story for its ability to turn every tiny detail into a portentous disaster, not to mention the fact that it's penned in Nabokov's effortlessly gorgeous, silvery prose. An old Jewish couple goes to visit their son in the mental hospital, only to be turned away because he has attempted to kill himself. And that's it, really. They go home and look though a photo album, eat some jam. The phonerings. But the whole thing is, perhaps, both a comment on the nature of insanity and the nature of the short story itself, with all its rules and strangeness and banality. And all its symbols, of course. 我们喜欢这篇小说的原因就在于，这个故事有能力把每个细微的细节瞬间变为一场灾难，而Nabokov在写这篇小说用的是轻松华丽水银泻地般的散文风格。5. “Gooseberries,” Anton ChekhovChekhov's stories are indisputably among the greats, and this one, written rather late, is one of our favorites. Chekhov probes at both the frailty and the worth of humanity, not to mention the natureof life, both for the fortunate and the unfortunate. But like most of Chekhov's stories, there's no clear moral, there's no obvious takeaway. Some men sit around and discuss their thoughts, and we listen, mulling over the subtleties for ourselves.契科夫的小说无疑是最伟大的作品之一，而这篇是我们的最爱。这篇小说像他的其他小说一样，没有清晰的道德标准，我们只是静静地看着几个人围坐着，讨论他们的思想。6. “Sea Oak,” George Saunders“Sea Oak” is Saunders's favorite of his own stories, we've heard, so because we find it so hard to choose among them, we've included it here on his own recommendation. Absurdist and satirical, and including at least one zombie shouting at her housemates to get laid, it's a weird one. But it's also concerned with placelessness, with family, with poverty, and like all of Saunders's stories, has a good, thumping heart under all that darkness and fun-poking.这部小说是桑德斯最为喜爱的一步短篇，这也是我们听说的。因为我们很难做出选择，因此就把他自己的推介放在了这里。这部小说充满了荒诞和讽刺，但是也关心家庭和贫穷等问题。像他的其他小说一样，在黑暗和取笑中，也暗含着美好和快乐。7. “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas,” Ursula K. LeGuinLeGuin's parabolic tale, which won the Hugo Award for best short story in 1974, is a weird, spacious story about a city that seems to be a utopia — except for its one flaw, the single child that must always be kept in darkness and wretched misery so that the others may all live happily. Most of the citizens eventually accept this, but some do not, and silently leave the city, vanishing into the world around. Strange but pointed, Le Guin is a master of her genre.勒古这部寓言般的短篇小说获得过1974年的“雨果奖”，是关于一个类似乌托邦的城市的荒诞又宏大的故事。8. “The Veldt,” Ray BradburyThis tale, from one of the greatest science fiction writers in history, is deliciously wicked. Though it was written in 1950, this kind of story — of children driven mad by want, of technology turning on its masters — will never get old. Until technology actually turns on us, that is. Then we probably won't want to hear about it.布莱伯利作为历史上最富盛名的科幻小说家，这篇小说也是通过精心编写的。9. “The Bear Came Over the Mountain,” Alice MunroThe undisputed queen of the short story, Alice Munro’s work is stark and often heartbreakingly raw, and this story of memory loss and the aching tenderness of human interaction is no different. Fun fact: this story was adapted into the film “Away from Her”, starring Julie Christie and Gordon Pinsent.门罗是毫无争议的短篇小说女王，她的作品有一种朴实风格，常常带着心跳般的粗犷，这篇关于丧失记忆以及人类互动中的痛苦和柔弱的小说也不例外。10. “The Nose,” Nikolai GogolGogol might be the oldest writer on this list, but he’s also one of the weirdest — in a good way. Nabokov once wrote, “In Gogol…the absurd central character belongs to the absurd world around him but, pathetically and tragically, attempts to struggle out of it into the world of humans — and dies in despair.” What else can an absurd noseless man do, after all?果戈里应该是这个书单上最久远的作家了，但是他也是最荒诞的小说家之一。纳博科夫曾近这样写道：“在果戈里的作品中，荒诞的人物属于他周围荒诞的世界，但是却可怜兮兮且悲惨地要逃离他的世界，最终死于绝望”。
“『承诺』”
《了不起的盖茨比》作者简介：弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德，美国小说家，年轻时试写过剧本。1920年出版了长篇小说《人间天堂》，从此出了名，小说出版后他与泽尔达结婚。1925年《了不起的盖茨比》问世，奠定了他在现代美国文学史上的地位，成了20年代“爵士时代”的发言人和“迷惘的一代”的代表作家之一。内容简介：20世纪20年代的美国，空气里弥漫着欢歌与纵饮的气息。一个偶然的机会，穷职员尼克闯人了挥金如土的大富翁盖茨比隐秘的世界，惊讶地发现，他内心惟一的牵绊竟是河对岸那盏小小的绿灯——-灯影婆娑中，住着他心爱的黛西。然而，冰冷的现实容不下飘渺的梦，到头来，盖茨比心中的女神只不过是凡尘俗世的物质女郎。当一切真相大白，盖茨比的悲剧人生亦如烟花般，璀璨只是一瞬，幻灭才是永恒。推荐理由：一阕华丽的“爵士时代”的挽歌，在菲茨杰拉德笔下，如诗如梦，在美国当代文学史上留下了墨色浓重的印痕。20世纪末，美国学术界权威在百年英语文学长河中选出一百部最优秀的小说，《了不起的盖茨比》高居第二位，傲然跻身当代经典行列。
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