魔幻光环
初一下册重点语法 一. 词汇 ⑴ 单词 1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在……上"。例如： on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示"在……下"。例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如： behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后 5). near表示"在……附近"。例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在……处"。例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口 7). of 表示"……的"。例如： a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。 This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。 the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？ ------ What can you see in the classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？ ------ 我能看见一个书包。 ------ 书包在哪呀？ ------ 在桌子上。 3.some和any ①在肯定句中用some.例如： There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。 ②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如： Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？ Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？ There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。 ⑵记住它们的特殊用法。 ①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如： Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？ ②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如： Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。 some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。 4.family family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。 My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。 Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。 It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。 5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。 *但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。 There is little time. 几乎没时间了。 There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。 ⑵ 词组 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下，就坐 this way 这边走 二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family. 2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei. 3. Glad to meet you. 4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong. 7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。 see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如： 8. Please have a seat. seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式： （1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 （2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如： Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 （3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如： Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节 （4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。 （1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。 （2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look at your books. 不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。 3. There be 的句子结构 There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思， 肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如： There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 （1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。 （2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't. ---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？ ---Yes, there is. 有。 ---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？ ---No, there aren't. 没有。 （3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . . There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . ---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ ---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。 （4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？ How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？ How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？
小淘的萌
agree with sb 同意某人的看法agree on sth 同意某事arrive at/in sp 到达某地ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事be strict in sth 对某事要求严格be strict with sb 对某人要求严格decide to do sth 决定做某事dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事find sb do/doing sth 发现某人做某事finish doing sth 完成某事give sb sth 给某人某物give sth to sb 给某人某物have fun doing sth 做…很有趣help sb with sth 帮助某人某事help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事it’s time for sth 该做某事了it’s time for sb to do sth 该某人做某事了it’s time to do sth 该做某事了like doing/to do sth 喜欢做某事make sb do sth 让某人做某事mind (sb) doing sth 介意（某人）做某事pass sb sth 把某物递给某人pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人practice doing sth 练习做某事remember doing sth 记得做过某事remember to do sth 记得要做某事see sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事show sb sth 给某人看某物show sth to sb 给某人看某物spend…(in) doing sth 花费…做某事spend…on sth 花费…在某物上 start doing sth 开始做某事start to do sth 开始做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事stop to do sth 停下来再做某事talk about sth 谈论某事talk to/with sb 与某人交谈tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事want sth 想要某物want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事watch sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事wish to do sth 希望做某事would like to do sth 想要做某事
喵布拉基
七年级英语下册语法总结 一、一般现在时 1. 构成：主语+动词+其他 2. 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。 3. 否定句：1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not e.g. I can’t play football. 2)当是实义动词时加助动词don’t/doesn’t后跟动词原形 e.g. I don’t like football. She doesn’t like football. 4. 疑问句：1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等将其提前 e.g. Can you swim? 2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形。 e.g. Does she like football? 5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 e.g When does she usually get up in the morning? 二、现在进行时 1. 构成：主语+be+doing+其他 2. 动词→动词-ing变化规律： 1）一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working 2）以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking 3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping 4）特殊变化, lie—lying 3. 标志词：look, listen, now, at the moment, it’s…o’clock… 4. 否定句：be动词后加not e.g. She is not listening to music. 5. 疑问句：将be动词提前 e.g . Is she listening to music? 6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 e.g What is she doing now? 三、将来时 1. 构成：主语+be going to+动词原形 主语＋will＋动词原形 2. 标志词：tomorrow, next day/month/year等表示将来的时间 3. 否定句：be动词后加not；will后加not e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend. 4. 疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前 e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? 5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What are you going to do tomorrow?\ What will you do tomorrow? 四、过去时 1. 构成：主语+动词过去时+其他 2. 标志词：yesterday, just now, …ago, this morning, when I was young,last…等 3. 动词→动词过去式变化规律： 1）一般动词结尾加-ed, e.g. Walk--walked 2）以字母e结尾的动词加- d, e.g. Live--lived 3）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed, e.g. Hurry—hurried 4）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed, eg. Stop –stopped 特殊变化详见课本P172 4. 否定句：1）动词be过去式后直接加not e.g. I was not in Chengdu last year. 2) 当是实义动词时，加助动词didn’t后跟动词原形5．There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there? ★ 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），而是用上了―never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody‖等表否定意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。 ① You have never been to Beijing, have you? ② Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? ③ There is little milk in the bottle, is there? ④ He could do nothing, could he? 练习： 完成下列反意疑问句： 1. Mary listened to pop music,______ ______? 2. He has never been to Shanghai_____ _____? 3.He has few friends at school,______ _______? 4.The music sounds beautiful,_______ _______? 5.You can’t dance to jazz,______ _____? 6.They weren’t at the concert,______ _______? 7.Let’s stop writing,_______ _______? 8.Don’t be late,_______ ________? 五、动词不定式 动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。 2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。 （一）、动词不定式作主语 ( ) 1. It's hard for us ______English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning ( )2. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to ［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +名词短语(for sb)to do sth. 句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。 （二）、动词不定式作宾语 ( )1. He wants ______ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys ( )2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ( )3. He found it very difficult ______. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep ［简析］在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。 （三）、动词不定式作宾语补足语 ( )1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with B. C. to help with D. helps him with ( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked ［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow 等。 （四）、动词不定式作状语 ( )1. She went ______ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing ( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns ［简析］go， come， try， do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。 ( )3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ( )4. I'm sorry ______ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled ( )5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets ［简析］＂be +形容词+ to do sth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。 （五）、动词不定式作定语 ( )1. Would you like something ______? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ( )2. I have a lot of homework ______. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ( )3. He is not an easy man ______. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with ［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。 （六）、不带to的动词不定式 ( )1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered ( )2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel ( )3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better______. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up ［简析］1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to. 2.在＂had better＂后面接不带to的不定式。 （七）、动词不定式的否定形式 ( )1. The old man told the child ______ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not ( )2. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late. A. have， not to be B. have， not be C. be， not to be D. be， not be ［简析］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not. （八）、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别 ( )1. Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has ( )2. ——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home? ——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took ( )3. ——Let's have a rest, shall we? ——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write 4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk). 六、双宾语用法要点 此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如， He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如， He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, return, send, show, teach,等。 （需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, get, make, sing,等。
star小朋友
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?一．短语：1 ．be from = come from 来自于----2． live in 居住在---3． on weekends 在周末4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人5 ．in the world 在世界上in China 在中国6．pen pal 笔友14 years old 14岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目7．the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约8．speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎9．go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动二．重点句式：1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/2 Where does he live?3 What language(s) does he speak?4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French.6 Please write and tell me about yourself.7 Can you write to me soon?8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French2 France------ French------French3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English5 the United States------ American---- English6 the United Kingdom---British----- EnghishUnit 2 Where’s the post office?一． Asking ways: (问路)1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪里？2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎样到达……呢？4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪条是去……的路？二．Showing the ways: （指路）1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）三．词组1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市3. between……and…… 在……和……之间between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.课室前面有棵树。in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.课室内的前部有张桌子。5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边7. go straight 一直走8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……11. take /have a walk 散步12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端in the beginning 起初，一开始13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.I had a good time yesterday.I enjoyed myself yesterday.14. have a good trip 旅途愉快15. take a taxi 坐出租车16. 到达：get to +地方get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.reach +地方 17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Streetat + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street三．重难点解析1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- smallUnit 3 Why do you like koala bears?一．重点词组eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shyvery smart very cuteplay with her friends kind of South Africa other animalsat nightin the day every dayduring the day二. 交际用语1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.4. What other animals do you like?I like dogs, too. Why?Because they’re friendly and clever.5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.6. She’s very shy.7. He is from Australia. 8．He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.10．Let’s see the pandas first.11．They’re kind of interesting.12．What other animals do you like? 13．Why do you want to see the lions?三. 重点难点释义1、kind of 有点，稍微Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。kind 还有“种类”的意思如：各种各样的 all kinds ofWe have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。There are many kinds of tigers in China.There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。The people in Chengdu are very friendly.4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起I usually play chess with my father.注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：My father and I usually play chess together.Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”I often play with my pet dog.Don’t play with water!5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。通常说in the day, during the day, at night。Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.6、leaf n. 叶子复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,knife—knives等。7、hour n. 小时；点钟hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.8、be from 来自…be from = come fromPandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much meatHe eats much meat every day.10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。There is much grass on the playground.四. 语法知识特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：What’s your grandfather’s telephone number?你爷爷的电话号码是多少？Who is that boy with big eyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？When is he going to play the piano?他什么时候弹钢琴？Where does he live?他住在哪儿？How are you?你好吗？How old are you?你多大了？How many brothers and sisters do you have?你有几个兄弟姐妹？2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：Who is on duty today?今天谁值日？Which man is your teacher?哪位男士是你的老师？我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。例如：I like English. What/How about you?我喜欢英语。你呢？What about playing basketball?打篮球怎么样？Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一．短语：1 want to do sth 想要作某事2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home5 in the day 在白天6 at night 在晚上7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.9 in a hospital 在医院l10 work/ study hard 努力工作11 Evening Newspaper 晚报二．重点句式及注意事项：1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式① What + is / are + sb?② What + does/ do + sb + do?③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?2 People give me their money or get their money from me.3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.4 I like talking to people.5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.6 Where does your sister work?7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.三． 本单元中的名词复数。1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves 大家看了多投几票哦 谢谢！！！！
hehefatter
有书好好读，有书赶快读，读书的时间不多。只要我们刻苦拼搏、一心向上，就一定能取得令人满意的成绩。下面是我为您整理的《人教版七年级下册英语知识点 总结 》，仅供大家参考。
初一英语下册语法知识点
1、can+动词原形，它不随主语和数而变化。
(1)含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。
(2)变一般疑问句时，把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答：Yes，主语+can。否定回答：No，主语+can't.
(3)含有can的否定句：主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。
(4)含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?
2、may+动词的原形。(may为情态动词)一般疑问句是把may提前，
肯定回答是：Yes，主语 +may。否定回答是：No，主语+mustn't。或please don't。
join+某个组织，俱乐部，party，参军，党派等 “加入”
Join sb. “参加到某人中” join in (doing)sth “加入做......，参加某个活动” Join in=take part in +活动，比赛
3、说某种语言：speak+语言 4、play+球、棋、牌;play+the+乐器。
5、擅长于(做)什么：be good at +名词/动ing
6、帮助某人做某事：help sb. (to ) do sth. help sb. with sth.
7、我能知道你名字吗?May I know your name?
8、想要做什么：want to do sth 例如：I want to learn about art.
9、What club do you want to join?
I want to join the chess club and the basketball club.
10、What club does Tom want to join? He wants to join the swimming club .
11、He can’t play the violin or the piano. Can you help kids with swimming?
12、Why do you want to join the English club? Because I want to learn English well.
初一英语下册语法知识点
1、what time和when引导的特殊疑问句。
(1)对时间提问用what time，也可以用when。询问钟点时用what time，询问日期、月份、年份时用when。
(2)询问做某事的时间时，两者可以互换。 (3)其他询问时间的 句子 ：
What's the time? =What time is it?现在几点了?
时刻表达法：顺读法和逆读法。
(1)顺读法：“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。
(2)逆读法：借助介词past或to表示，要先说分再说钟点。
A.当分钟不超过30分钟时(包括30分钟)，即<或=30，用past表示。其结构为：“分钟+past+整点” 意为“几点过几分”。
B.当超过30分钟时，即>30，用to表示。其结构为：“所差分钟(即60—所
过分钟数)+to+下一个整点”，to译成“差”，差几分钟到几点。
C.当分钟为30分钟用half表示，当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。
2、always 总是>usually 通常>often常常>sometime 有时
3、Watch+TV、球赛 “观看，观赏”，特指长时间注视。
See+电影、医生 “看见”，强调看的结果。
Look “看”，强调看的动作，look后接宾语时要用介词at。
Read+书刊、杂志 “阅读”
4、listen to +宾语 6、Take a shower “淋浴” 7、Eat breakfast 吃早餐
5、Go to +地点名词 如：go to school go+地点副词 如：go home
初一英语下册语法知识点
一、本单元知识点总结
1.get to school 到校 2.take the subway 乘地铁
3.take the train 坐火车 4.leave for 到……地方去，离开去某地
5.take…to…把……带到…… 6. most students 大多数学生
7. from…to…从……到…… 8.think of 想到，想起
9.ride bikes 骑自行车 10.in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地方
11. how far 多远 (路程、距离) 12.how long多长(时间)
13.take the train to school 乘火车去上学 14.in places 在一些地方
15.go to school by boat乘船去上学 16.on the school bus乘坐校车
17.be different from和……不同 18.one 11-year old boy 一个十一岁大的男孩
二、重点知识详解
1.take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词，乘……去某地，是动词 短语 ，在句中作谓语。
He takes the train. take the subway乘地铁 take a walk散步 take a shower洗个澡
take a rest休息一会 take a seat 坐下 take some medicine 吃药
2.by+表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in+ a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词，是介词短语作方式状语。
I get to school by bike. = I get to school on my bike.
3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地
表示乘交通工具方式可以互换表达相同的意义:
Take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a bus
Drive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car
Fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.
4.get表示“到达”，后接名词需加to，接地点副词不加to.
reach 给示到达，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语。
arrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 后接副词不需介词。
5. It takes sb some money/time to do sth.花费某人多少时间/钱做某事
Sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物花费多少钱
Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花费时间/钱Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人多少钱
6. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A?
答语有两种：W wW.x kB 1.c Om
(1) It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away)有……米/英里/千米(远)
(2) It ‘s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。
7have to 后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有“不得不，被迫”之意，有多种时态形式，否定式为don’t have to(needn’t)意为“不必”。
Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式,否定式must’t意为“一定不要，不允许，禁止”反意词为“needn’t”。
8.感谢用语：Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks.
回答感谢用语的句子：That’s ok /all right. 不用谢。You are welcome 不客气。 It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。/Don’t mention it。别在意。 It was nothing at all.那没什么。
三、语法归纳
(一)how 引导的特殊疑问句
1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式，其答语分三种情况：
a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数)
b. by+交通工具(单数)
c. on/in+限定词+交通工具
2. how far 用来提问距离，多远，其答语分为两种：
(1)用长度单位表示：It is five kilometers.
(2)用时间表示：It’s twenty minutes’ walk.
3.how long 用来提问时间，意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。
----How long have you learnt English?
----For 3 years.
how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间， 常用于将来时态时， 常用“in+时间段”来回答。
――How soon will you arrive in Beijing?
----In 3 hours.
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