雪绒花05
现代大学英语精读5中goods move .people move .ideas move .and cultures move 课文翻译如下：
Now computers, the Internet, cellular phones, cableTV, and cheaper jet transportation haveaccelerated and complicated these connections.
现今，计算机、互联网、移动电话、有线电视和价格低廉的喷气式飞机空运加速了这种联系，并使其更加复杂化。
Still, the basic dynamic remains the same: Goodsmove. People move. Ideas move. And cultureschange. The difference now is the speed and scopeof these changes.
It took television 13 years toacquire 50 million users; the Internet took only 5.
尽管如此，产生这些变化的动力却是一致的；商品流通、人员流动、观念转变、文化变迁。现在不同的是这些变化的速度和范围。电视机用了 13年时间拥有5000万用户，而互联网只用了5年时间。
Not everyone is happy about this. Some Western social scientists and anthropologists, and nota few foreign politicians。
believe that a sort of cultural cloning will result from what they regardas the "cultural assault" of McDonald's, Coca-Cola, Disney, Nike, MTV。
and the Englishlanguage itself—more than a fifth of all the people in the world now speak English to somedegree. Whatever their backgrounds or agendas。
these critics are convinced that Western—often equated with American—influences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as oneobserver terms it, one big "McWorld."
并非所有人都对这种变化感到满意。一些西方社会学家、人类学家和相当多的外国政治家认为文化克隆是麦当劳、可口可乐、迪士尼、耐克和MTV“文化侵略”的结果，同时也是英语语言本身的结果，因为现在世界上有五分之一以上的人口或多或少地使用英语。
不论他们的背景和理念如何，这些对全球化持反对态度的人都深信西方的——往往等同于美国的——影响会把文化上的差异逐一摧毁。正如一位观察家所说的，这最终将导致一个“麦当劳世界”，一个充斥美国商品和体现美国价值观的世界。
Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties. In China, where xenophobia andeconomic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand。
a recent book called China CanSay No became the best-seller by attacking what it considers the Chinese willingness tobelieve blindly in foreign things。
advising Chinese travelers to not fly on a Boeing 777 andsuggesting that Hollywood be burned.
利用国民的焦虑和不安情绪的派别不断涌现。在中国，恐外自闭和容外发展经济的思潮一直在争取统治地位。最近出版的《中国可以说不》大为畅销。这本书对那种中国人盲目崇洋媚外心理进行了批驳，建议中国游客不要乘坐波音777飞机，并建议烧毁好莱坞大片。
There are many Westerners among the denouncers of Western cultural influences, but JamesWatson, a Harvard anthropologist, isn't one of them.
许多西方人对西方文化影响持抨击态度，但哈佛大学人类学家詹姆斯·沃森所持观点有异。
漫游的Alice
翻译：
今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛，一种习俗与追求的结构性变化。用社会学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。
就政治、商务、健康卫生及娱乐领域中各种各样的巨大变化而言，这个词并不贴切。“现代工业开拓了世界市场。民族工业被新工业取代。
它们的产品不仅供本国消费，而且同时供世界各地消费。旧的、靠国家产品来满足的需要，被新的、要靠极其遥远的国家和地区的产品来满足的需要所取代。
卡尔·马克思和弗里德里希·恩格斯早在150年前就在《共产党宣言》中这样写道。他们那时的陈述，是如今现实生活的真实写照。
扩展资料
原文：
Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, "globalization."
It's an inexact term for a wild assortment of changes in politics, business, health, entertainment. "Modern industry has established the worid market…
All old-established national industries are dislodged by new industries, whose products are consumed, not only at home, but in every quarter of the globe.
In place of the old wants we find new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant lands and climes.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote this 150 years ago in The Communist Manifesto. Their statement now describes an ordinary fact of life.
秋刀鱼与禹
Unit 5 text BArctic Melt Unnerves the Experts北极融化让专家们坐立不安 1. The Arctic ice cap shrank so much this summer that waves briefly lapped along two long-imagined Arctic shipping routes, the Northwest Passage over Canada and the Northern Sea Route over Russia. 今年夏天北极冰盖萎缩,短暂地涌入沿着两个梦想的北极航线,西北通道在加拿大和俄罗斯上空北方航线。2. Over all, the floating ice dwindled to an extent unparalleled in a century or more, by several estimates. 总体而言,浮冰减少到一个世纪以上,无可匹敌的程度由几个估计。3. Now the six-month dark season has returned to the North Pole. In the deepening chill, new ice is already spreading over vast stretches of the Arctic Ocean. Astonished by the summer’s changes, scientists are studying the forces that exposed one million square miles of open water — six Californias — beyond the average since satellites started measurements in 1979. 现在六个月的黑暗的季节回到北极。在深化寒意,新冰已经蔓延在一望无垠的北冰洋。惊讶的夏天的变化,科学家们正在研究力量,暴露一百万平方英里的开放水域- 6加利福尼亚的超出了平均自1979年卫星开始测量。4. At a recent gathering of sea-ice experts at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, Hajo Eicken, a geophysicist, summarized it this way: “Our stock in trade seems to be going away.” 在最近的一次聚会,海冰专家阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯,Hajo Eicken,地球物理学家,这样总结:“我们的股票在交易似乎消失。”5. Scientists are also unnerved by the summer’s implications for the future, and their ability to predict it. 科学家也已经对夏季影响未来,和他们的预测能力。6. Complicating the picture, the striking Arctic change was as much a result of ice moving as melting, many say. A new study, led by Son Nghiem at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and appearing this week in Geophysical Research Letters, used satellites and buoys to show that winds since 2000 had pushed huge amounts of thick old ice out of the Arctic basin past Greenland. The thin floes that formed on the resulting open water melted quicker or could be shuffled together by winds and similarly expelled, the authors said. 复杂,引人注目的北极变化是一样的冰移动融化,许多人说。儿子Nghiem领导的一项新研究中,美国宇航局喷气推进实验室,本周在《地球物理研究快报,使用卫星和浮标表明自2000年以来,风把大量的老冰厚厚的北极盆地过去的格陵兰岛。薄薄的浮冰,形成结果打开水融化的更快或可以通过风和重组在一起同样驱逐,作者说。7. The pace of change has far exceeded what had been estimated by almost all the simulations used to envision how the Arctic will respond to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases linked to global warming. But that disconnect can cut two ways. Are the models overly conservative? Or are they missing natural influences that can cause wide swings in ice and temperature, thereby dwarfing the slow background warming? 变化的速度远远超过了被几乎所有的模拟用于估计设想北极将如何应对温室气体浓度上升与全球变暖有关。但这断开可以减少两个方面。模型过于保守?还是缺少自然的影响,会导致大幅波动的冰和温度,从而相形见绌缓慢的背景变暖吗?8. The world is paying more attention than ever. 世界比以往任何时候都更关注。9. Russia, Canada and Denmark, prompted in part by years of warming and the ice retreat this year, ratcheted up rhetoric and actions aimed at securing sea routes and seabed resources.俄罗斯、加拿大和丹麦,促使部分今年年的变暖,冰撤退,加大言辞和行动旨在保障海上航线和海底资源。10. Proponents of cuts in greenhouse gases cited the meltdown as proof that human activities are propelling a slide toward climate calamity.削减温室气体排放的支持者认为金融危机是证明人类活动正在推动一个滑向气候灾难。11. Arctic experts say things are not that simple. More than a dozen experts said in interviews that the extreme summer ice retreat had revealed at least as much about what remains unknown in the Arctic as what is clear. Still, many of those scientists said they were becoming convinced that the system is heading toward a new, more watery state, and that human-caused global warming is playing a significant role.北极专家说,事情并不那么简单。十多位专家在接受采访时说,极端的夏季冰撤退透露至少尽可能多的关于北极仍然未知什么是清楚的。尽管如此,许多科学家表示,他们相信,系统正朝着一个新的、更水状态,人类引起的全球变暖中扮演重要角色。12. For one thing, experts are having trouble finding any records from Russia, Alaska or elsewhere pointing to such a widespread Arctic ice retreat in recent times, adding credence to the idea that humans may have tipped the balance. Many scientists say the last substantial warming in the region, peaking in the 1930s, mainly affected areas near Greenland and Scandinavia.首先,从俄罗斯专家们很难找到记录,阿拉斯加或其他地方指向这样一个广泛的北极冰撤退在最近时期,增加交易税的观点来看,人类可能已经打破了这种平衡。许多科学家说该地区去年大幅升温,在1930年代达到顶峰,主要受影响地区附近的格陵兰岛和斯堪的纳维亚。13. Some scientists who have long doubted that a human influence could be clearly discerned in the Arctic’s changing climate now agree that the trend is hard to ascribe to anything else.长期以来,一些科学家怀疑一个人的影响可能很清楚在北极的气候变化现在认为,这一趋势很难归因于其他东西。14. “We used to argue that a lot of the variability up to the late 1990s was induced by changes in the winds, natural changes not obviously related to global warming,” said John Michael Wallace, a scientist at the University of Washington. “But changes in the last few years make you have to question that. I’m much more open to the idea that we might have passed a point where it’s becoming essentially irreversible.”“我们曾经认为,大量的可变性,1990年代末被风的变化,诱导自然变化不明显与全球变暖有关,”约翰·迈克尔·华莱士说,华盛顿大学的一位科学家。“但在过去的几年里变化让你得问题。我更愿意认为我们可能会通过一个变得本质上是不可逆转的。”15. Experts say the ice retreat is likely to be even bigger next summer because this winter’s freeze is starting from such a huge ice deficit. At least one researcher, Wieslaw Maslowski of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, Calif., projects a blue Arctic Ocean in summers by 2013. 专家说,冰撤退明年夏天可能会更大,因为今年冬天冻结的冰从如此巨大的赤字。至少一个研究员,Maslowski Wieslaw如此海军研究生院的蒙特利,加州在2013年暑期项目蓝色北冰洋。16. While open Arctic waters could be a boon for shipping, fishing and oil exploration, an annual seesawing between ice and no ice could be a particularly harsh jolt to polar bears. 而开放北极水域可能有利于航运、渔业和石油勘探,冰和冰之间的年度波动可能是北极熊特别严厉的震动。17. Many Arctic researchers warned that it was still far too soon to start sending container ships over the top of the world. “Natural variations could turn around and counteract the greenhouse-gas-forced change, perhaps stabilizing the ice for a bit,” said Marika Holland, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo.许多北极研究人员警告说,它仍然是过早地开始发送集装箱船在世界之巅。“自然变化可以转身抵消greenhouse-gas-forced改变,也许稳定冰,”玛丽卡•霍兰德说,博尔德市国家大气研究中心的科罗拉多州。18. But, she added, that will not last. “Eventually the natural variations would again reinforce the human-driven change, perhaps leading to even more rapid retreat,” Dr. Holland said. “So I wouldn’t sign any shipping contracts for the next 5 to 10 years, but maybe the next 20 to 30.”但她补充说,这将不会持久。“最终自然变化将再次加强人为改变,可能导致更快速撤退,”荷兰博士说。“所以我不会签署任何运输合同在未来5到10年,但也许未来20到30”。19. While experts debate details, many agree that the vanishing act of the sea ice this year was probably caused by superimposed forces including heat-trapping clouds and water vapor in the air, as well as the ocean-heating influence of unusually sunny skies in June and July. Other important factors were warm winds flowing from Siberia around a high-pressure system parked over the ocean. The winds not only would have melted thin ice but also pushed floes offshore where currents and winds could push them out of the Arctic Ocean.在专家讨论细节,在很多人看来,今年海冰的消失的行为可能是由于叠加力量包括温室云和空气中的水蒸气,以及ocean-heating异常晴朗的天空在6月和7月的影响。其他重要的因素是温暖的风从西伯利亚高压系统周围停在海洋。风不仅会融化的薄冰,也推动海上浮冰,水流和风可以推动他们从北冰洋。20. The new NASA study of expelled old ice builds on previous measurements showing that the proportion of thick, durable floes that were at least 10 years old dropped to 2 percent this spring from 80 percent in the spring of 1987, said Ignatius G. Rigor, an ice expert at the University of Washington and an author of the new NASA-led study.开除老冰的新的美国宇航局研究建立在先前的测量表明,厚的比例,持久的浮冰,至少10岁今年春天从2%下降到80%在1987年的春天,伊格那丢g .严格说冰华盛顿大学的专家和一个新的美国航天局的研究》的作者。21. Without the thick ice, which can endure months of nonstop summer sunshine, more dark open water and thin ice absorbed solar energy, adding to melting and delaying the winter freeze.The thinner fresh-formed ice was also more vulnerable to melting from heat held near the ocean surface by clouds and water vapor. This may be where the rising influence of humans on the global climate system could be exerting the biggest regional influence, said Jennifer A. Francis of Rutgers University.不厚冰,可以忍受几个月的不间断的夏季的阳光,更黑暗的水面,薄冰吸收太阳能,增加和延迟冬季冻结融化。越薄fresh-formed冰也更容易融化热源附近举行的海洋表面云层和水蒸气。这可能增加人类对全球气候系统的影响能发挥最大的地区影响力,罗格斯大学的詹妮弗·a·弗朗西斯说。22. Other Arctic experts, including Dr. Maslowski in Monterey and Igor V. Polyakov at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, also see a role in rising flows of warm water entering the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait between Alaska and Russia, and in deep currents running north from the Atlantic Ocean near Scandinavia.Maslowski其他北极专家,包括博士如此在蒙特雷和伊戈尔诉Polyakov阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯,也看到在上升流动的温水通过白令海峡进入北冰洋的阿拉斯加和俄罗斯之间,并深陷电流运行从大西洋北部斯堪的纳维亚半岛附近。23. A host of Arctic scientists say it is too soon to know if the global greenhouse effect has already tipped the system to a condition in which sea ice in summers will be routinely limited to a few clotted passageways in northern Canada.许多科学家说北极还为时过早知道全球温室效应已经把系统条件,海冰在夏季将通常仅限于几凝结的通道在加拿大北部。24. But at the university in Fairbanks — where signs of northern warming include sinkholes from thawing permafrost around its Arctic research center — Dr. Eicken and other experts are having a hard time conceiving a situation that could reverse the trends.但在费尔班克斯大学——北部气候变暖的迹象包括灰岩坑永久冻土融化北极研究中心- Eicken博士和其他专家们可能很难怀孕的局面是,扭转趋势。25. “The Arctic may have another ace up her sleeve to help the ice grow back,” Dr. Eicken said. “But from all we can tell right now, the means for that are quite limited.”“北极可能有另一个她的看家本领,帮助冰重新生长出来,“Eicken博士说。“但我们现在可以告诉,手段十分有限。”
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